Abstract
Analysis of the isotopic composition of nuclei in galactic cosmic rays (GCR) in the orbital experiment of the PAMELA collaboration makes it possible to study the problems of the origin and ...propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. The data of the PAMELA magnetic spectrometer, due to their high statistical and methodological accuracy, ensured significant progress in the study of the isotopic composition of light nuclei from H to Be in GCR in the energy range ~ 0.1-1 GeV/nucleon and for the first time made it possible to estimate the contribution to GCR of Local Interstellar Sources (LIS) from close (∼ 100 pc) of recent (~ million years) supernova explosions. To date, the isotopic composition of beryllium nuclei in GCR has been measured only for
7
Be./
9
Be,
10
Be/
9
Be ratios in the energy range of ∼ 100 MeV/nucleon in the space experiments IMP 7/8, Voyager, Ulysses, ACE/CRIS and for
10
Be/
9
Be in balloon experiment with a superconducting magnet ISOMAX-98 for energies 0.2-1.0 and 1.1-2.0 GeV/nucleon. In this work, using flight data PAMELA 2006-2014, on the rigidity of the detected nuclei and their velocity (time-of-flight analysis and ionization losses in the multilayer calorimeter of the instrument), a new analysis of the isotopic composition of beryllium nuclei in the energy range of ~ 0.1-1.4 GeV/nucleon has been carried out. The results of isotopic analysis of beryllium nuclei in GCR (spectra
7
Be,
9
Be,
10
Be and
7
Be/
9
Be,
10
Be/
9
Be - ratio depending on the rigidity and energy of nuclei) in comparison with the existing measurement and calculation data will be presented.
Carbon Isotopes in the PAMELA Experiment Bogomolov, E A; Vasilyev, G I; Menn, W
Journal of physics. Conference series,
12/2020, Volume:
1697, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Abstract
An analysis of the isotopic composition of nuclei in galactic cosmic rays (GCR) in the orbital experiment of the PAMELA collaboration allows us to study the problems of the origin and ...propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy. Due to the high statistical and methodological accuracy, the data of the PAMELA magnetic spectrometer provided significant progress in studying the isotopic composition of light nuclei from H to Be in the GCR in the energy region of ∼ 0.1-1 GeV / nucleon and for the first time made it possible to estimate the contribution of local sources from close ones to the GCR (∼ 100 pc) of recent (∼ 10
6
yrs) supernova explosions. To date, the isotopic composition of carbon nuclei in the GCR has been measured only for the
13
C /
12
C ratio in the energy region ∼ 0.05-0.13 GeV / nucleon in the VOYAGER 1.2 space experiment and the upper limit for the
14
C /
12
C ratio was estimated in the ACE / CRIS experiment for energies 0.12-0.43 MeV / nucleon. In this work, using PAMELA flight data 2006-2014, on the rigidity of the detected nuclei and their speed (time-of-flight analysis and ionization losses in the multilayer calorimeter of the device), an attempt was made to determine the isotopic composition of carbon nuclei in the energy region of ∼ 0.1-1 GeV / nucleon. The half-life of
14
C nuclei is 5730 years and can be detected in the case of a supernova explosion in the last ∼ 5 10
4
years at a distance of ∼ 100 200 pc. The results of isotope analysis of carbon nuclei in GCR (spectra
12
C,
13
C,
14
C and
14
C /
12
C - ratio depending on the rigidity and energy of the nuclei) in comparison with the existing measurement data will be presented.
An attempt is made to determine the
11
B/
10
B ratio in the ~0.1 to 1.0 GeV/nucleon region of energies using the 2006–2014 PAMELA data on the rigidity and velocity of detected nuclei and estimate for ...the first time the
14
C/
12
C ratio at energies of ~0.1 to 1.5 GeV/nucleon using the PAMELA data for boron. Results from an isotopic analysis of boron and carbon nuclei in galactic cosmic rays (
12
С and
13
С spectra, upper limits for
14
С, and
14
C/
12
C ratios as a function of the rigidity and energy of nuclei) are compared to the limited measuring data. The data on the
14
C/
12
C ratio allow estimates of the lower limits of distances to possible local
14
С sources.
Preliminary results of measurements of the solar modulation of the isotopic hydrogen and helium content in galactic cosmic rays are presented for the first time. These data were obtained between 2006 ...and 2014 in the PAMELA international orbital experiment via measuring the time of flight of nuclei in the Pamela scintillation telescope and via analyzing, in the multilayered calorimeter of the PAMELA magnetic spectrometer, ionization losses of nuclei whose rigidity was known from trajectory measurements and which traversed the instrument without undergoing nuclear interactions. The results of these measurements are compared with existing experimental and calculated data, which are quite scanty.
Boron Isotopes in the PAMELA Experiment Bogomolov, E. A.; Vasilyev, G. I.; Menn, W. ...
Physics of atomic nuclei,
11/2019, Volume:
82, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Analysis of the isotope composition of nuclei in galactic cosmic rays (GCR) in the PAMELA orbital international experiment allows studying the problems of cosmic-ray origin and propagation in our ...Galaxy. PAMELA magnetic spectrometer data provided the significant progress in the study of the light nuclei isotope composition of GCR from H to Be in the energy range ∼0.1–1 GeV/nucleon. This makes it possible to estimate the contribution of local (∼100 pc) young (∼10
6
years) interstellar sources (LISS) into GCR fluxes from supernova explosions. The analysis of boron (B) isotope fluxes in the GCR has so far been carried out only in the energy range ∼0.08–0.17 GeV/nucleon in the space experiments Voyager, Ulysses, ACE. In the present contribution the attempt was done to determine the
11
B/
10
B ratio in the energy range ∼0.1–1.0 GeV/nucleon for the first time on the base of 2006–2014 PAMELA data using the measurements of the detected nuclei rigidities, velocities and ionization losses in a multilayer calorimeter. The new PAMELA results are consistent with existing as experimental data and those expected from simulations. However the statistical and systematic measurement uncertainties do not allow to separate the local boron source contributions into GCR fluxes. The preliminary results of the boron isotope flux analysis in GCR (
10
B,
11
B spectra and
11
B/
10
B ratio dependences on the rigidity and energy) are presented as well as the existing measurement data and simulation results.
Preliminary results of measurements of the solar modulation of the isotopic hydrogen and helium content in galactic cosmic rays are presented for the first time. These data were obtained between 2006 ...and 2014 in the PAMELA international orbital experiment via measuring the time of flight of nuclei in the Pamela scintillation telescope and via analyzing, in the multilayered calorimeter of the PAMELA magnetic spectrometer, ionization losses of nuclei whose rigidity was known from trajectory measurements and which traversed the instrument without undergoing nuclear interactions. The results of these measurements are compared with existing experimental and calculated data, which are quite scanty. DOI: 10.1134/S1063778818030067
Boron Isotopes in the PAMELA Experiment Bogomolov, E. A.; Vasilyev, G. I.; Menn, W. ...
Physics of atomic nuclei,
2024, Volume:
87, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
In this work, a new analysis of the isotopic composition of boron nuclei (B) in galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) in the range of rigidities of 1–5 GV (nuclear energies 0.1–1.5 GeV/nucleon) was carried out ...using data from the PAMELA space experiment 2006–2014 on the rigidity of detected nuclei and their velocity (time-of-flight analysis and ionization losses in the instrument’s multilayer calorimeter). The new results of the PAMELA experiment expand the energy range of previous measurements, are consistent with the few existing data, and indicate deviations of the B isotope ratios from the GALPROP simulation data for the GCR, similar to the deviations for the Li and Be isotopes in the PAMELA data, which can be interpreted as evidence of observation against the background of the GCR of the contribution of several local sources from explosions of nearby (hundreds of parsecs) supernovae.
The isotopic composition of Li and Be nuclei in the 1–5 GV range of rigidities (nuclear energies of 0.1–1.5 GeV/nucleon) is analyzed using PAMELA flight data from 2006–2014 on the rigidity of ...detected nuclei and their velocities (time-of-flight analysis and ionization losses in the detector’s multilayer calorimeter). The new PAMELA data expand the range of energies in earlier measurements, are consistent with scarce results, and indicate correlated deviations of Li and Be isotope ratios from the GALPROP data for GCRs, which can be interpreted as evidence of contributions from several nearby local sources against the GCR background. Analysis of precision AMS-02 data on the spectra of positrons, antiprotons, and secondary nuclei of Li, Be, and B also indicates correlated increases in intensity at rigidities of ~50–1000 GV, which could also be due to local sources. The contribution from local sources against the GCR background is estimated at levels of tens of percents for rigidities of 1–5 GV and several percent at rigidities of 50–1000 GV.
Protons detected by the PAMELA experiment in the period 2006-2014 have been analyzed in the energy range between 0.40 and 50 GV to explore possible periodicities besides the well known solar ...undecennial modulation. An unexpected clear and regular feature has been found at rigidities below 15 GV, with a quasi-periodicity of ∼450 days. A possible Jovian origin of this periodicity has been investigated in different ways. The results seem to favor a small but not negligible contribution to cosmic rays from the Jovian magnetosphere, even if other explanations cannot be excluded.
PAMELA (Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics) is a satellite-borne experiment. It was launched on June 15th 2006 from the Baikonur space centre on board the Russian ...Resurs-DK1 satellite. For about 10 years PAMELA took data, giving a fundamental contribution to the cosmic ray physics. It made high-precision measurements of the charged component of the cosmic radiation challenging the standard model of the mechanisms of production, acceleration and propagation of cosmic rays in the galaxy and in the heliosphere. PAMELA gave results on different topics on a very wide range of energy. Moreover, the long PAMELA life gives the possibility to study the variation of the proton, electron and positron spectra during the last solar minimum. The time dependence of the cosmic-ray proton and helium nuclei from the solar minimum through the following period of solar maximum activity is currently being studied. Low energy particle spectra were accurately measured also for various solar events that occurred during the PAMELA mission. In this paper a review of main PAMELA results will be reported.
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