Iako je izvornik objavljen prije petnaest godina, posthumnim objavljivanjem njegova hrvatskog prijevoda želi se ukazati na trajnu vrijednost temeljnih postavki autora, koji je bio vrstan poznavatelj ...svijeta mladih. Autor podsjeća kako razne znanstvene discipline proučavaju i opisuju mladež, dok se on sam usredotočuje na opis društveno-političko-kulturalnog stanja mladih. Dok jedni mlade promatraju na temelju strukturalnog čitanja svijeta, drugi analiziraju njihov život govoreći o specifičnoj kulturi i supkulturi mladih. Socio-kulturalno promatranje podsjeća na relativnost pojma mladeži uočavajući namjerno produljeno trajanje mladosti u suvremenom društvu. Boljem upoznavanju mladeži doprinosi opis obilježja mladeži. U svrhu upoznavanja svijeta mladih autor spominje i izabrane interpretativne kategorije kao što su rubnost, rascjepkanost, kulturalna promjena, preobilje mogućnosti. Razmatra se i pitanje identiteta mladih, kao i neke posebne teme i problemi povezani s mladima, primjerice religija, posao, institucije, slobodno vrijeme. Vizionarskim prikazom mogućeg budućeg razvoja mladih autor ukazuje na brojne pozitivne vidove rješenja postojećih problema.
This article analyses the most important sociological studies concerning the relathionships between religion and family which appeared in the Seventies in the USA, in France, and in Italy. The ...numerous essays considered are put together and discussed under the following headings: a) religion, family and marriage: new directions; b) premarital sex and engagement; c) fecundity, abortion; d) sex roles, family roles and power; e) extramarital sexual permissiveness, divorce; f) family life cycle and religion. Notwithstanding the absence of really new results and discovers in recent literature, it is stressed by the author that a new positive trend consists in the elaboration of some operational concepts.
A discussion of marginalization, especially in relation to youth, based on a review of various studies. As a result of the student movements of the 1960s, the ideas arose that youth might represent a ...new SC, & that there was a solidarity between students & marginalized social groups. An attempt is made here to clarify the concept of marginality, which is determined to have a plurality of meanings. Aspects considered include: marginalization & economic development; transitory & structural marginalization; & marginalization in the Third World. In order to combat marginalization, especially of youth, political & educational policies based on realism are needed. 34 References. C. Waters
The sociology of religion in Western Germany, from 1970 to the present, is discussed. A survey was done of the religious situation of the 21,000,000 (over 16 years old) inhabitants of West Germany. ...On the basis of the findings of this & other surveys, certain tendencies, such as the ambiguous significance of the practice of a cult are evident. 5 positions have been found in relation to this issue, depending on the different parameters by which religiosity is measured, ranging from practice of cult, to religious vitality or behavior, the social differences, the privatization of religion, & different dimensions of religiosity, independent of each other. The data show that practice cannot be assumed to be the only parameter to measure religiosity; there are differences in relation to age, sex, civil status & place of residence. New trends towards a humanistic, or civil religion have begun, but they cannot be measured. Identity & membership in a church is going through a crisis, especially in the sense of the relation that it maintains with the total society, at the political, eonomic & cultural level. Also, the global phenomenon of "secularization" in terms of "privatization" of religious behavior & of "irrelevance" of church organization is a central theme, coupled with the new demands made upon the Church by its affiliates. One of the relevant questions in these German studies is the value difference between those who are "profane" & those who are "religious." The findings show differences in age, & consistency between the cognitive & the affective levels. In West Germany, the Catholics have began to consider "institutional" religion as dysfunctional to the full integration of the individual in a society.
By considering religious identity & political commitment in regard to the "Christians for Socialism" movement, information is furnished that makes possible the determination of the significance of ...the movement in Italy. The origin of the movement is to be situated in the context of the political & religious crises of the country, especially the effects of the contradictions of capitalism, the dissatisfactions of believers concerning the political organizations of unions & parties, & the popular interest in the new overtures to Marxism. Central to the questions which continue to trouble the movement are class contradictions concerning its goals vs its social base, ecclesiastical problems, & problems regarding the interpretation of Marxism. The importance of the movement clearly lies in its ability to provide new forms of political & religious groupings, thereby modifying the contours & fabric of society. HA Tr & Modified by F. Hydoski.
•Different mutations of the HCN channels can predispose to the development of epilepsy.•HCN1 mutations account for the majority of patients, but also the alteration of HCN2 and HCN4 can have a role ...in epilepsy.•Several rare variants of unknown significance (VUS) are found in genes coding for HCN channels and accessory proteins.•It would be wise to include the genetic screening of HCN channels as a standard diagnostic tool for epilepsy.
The Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are highly expressed in the Central Nervous Systems, where they are responsible for the Ih current. Together with specific accessory proteins, these channels finely regulate neuronal excitability and discharge activity. In the last few years, a substantial body of evidence has been gathered showing that modifications of Ih can play an important role in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. However, the extent to which HCN dysfunction is spread among the epileptic population is still unknown. The aim of this work is to evaluate the impact of genetic mutations potentially affecting the HCN channels’ activity, using a NGS approach. We screened a large cohort of patients with epilepsy of unknown etiology for mutations in HCN1, HCN2 and HCN4 and in genes coding for accessory proteins (MiRP1, Filamin A, Caveolin-3, TRIP8b, Tamalin, S-SCAM and Mint2). We confirmed the presence of specific mutations of HCN genes affecting channel function and predisposing to the development of the disease. We also found several previously unreported additional genetic variants, whose contribution to the phenotype remains to be clarified. According to these results and data from literature, alteration of HCN1 channel function seems to play a major role in epilepsy, but also dysfunctional HCN2 and HCN4 channels can predispose to the development of the disease. Our findings suggest that inclusion of the genetic screening of HCN channels in diagnostic procedures of epileptic patients should be recommended. This would help pave the way for a better understanding of the role played by Ih dysfunction in the pathogenesis of epilepsy.
The identification of new biomarkers allowing an early and more accurate characterization of patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is still needed, and exosomes represent ...an attractive diagnostic tool in this context. However, the characterization of their protein cargo in relation to cardiovascular clinical manifestation is still lacking. To this end, 35 STEMI patients (17 experiencing resuscitated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA-STEMI) and 18 uncomplicated) and 32 patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) were enrolled. Plasma exosomes were characterized by the nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting. Exosomes from STEMI patients displayed a higher concentration and size and a greater expression of platelet (GPIIb) and vascular endothelial (VE-cadherin) markers, but a similar amount of cardiac troponin compared to CCS. In addition, a difference in exosome expression of acute-phase proteins (ceruloplasmin, transthyretin and fibronectin) between STEMI and CCS patients was found. GPIIb and brain-associated marker PLP1 accurately discriminated between OHCA and uncomplicated STEMI. In conclusion, the exosome profile of STEMI patients has peculiar features that differentiate it from that of CCS patients, reflecting the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in STEMI. Additionally, the exosome expression of brain- and platelet-specific markers might allow the identification of patients experiencing ischemic brain injury in STEMI.
This preface introduces the content of the BioMed Central journal Supplements related to the BITS 2015 meeting, held in Milan, Italy, from the 3
to the 5
of June, 2015.
The huge amount of biological information, its distribution over the Internet and the heterogeneity of available software tools makes the adoption of new data integration and analysis network tools a ...necessity in bioinformatics. ICT standards and tools, like Web Services and Workflow Management Systems (WMS), can support the creation and deployment of such systems. Many Web Services are already available and some WMS have been proposed. They assume that researchers know which bioinformatics resources can be reached through a programmatic interface and that they are skilled in programming and building workflows. Therefore, they are not viable to the majority of unskilled researchers. A portal enabling these to take profit from new technologies is still missing.
We designed biowep, a web based client application that allows for the selection and execution of a set of predefined workflows. The system is available on-line. Biowep architecture includes a Workflow Manager, a User Interface and a Workflow Executor. The task of the Workflow Manager is the creation and annotation of workflows. These can be created by using either the Taverna Workbench or BioWMS. Enactment of workflows is carried out by FreeFluo for Taverna workflows and by BioAgent/Hermes, a mobile agent-based middleware, for BioWMS ones. Main workflows' processing steps are annotated on the basis of their input and output, elaboration type and application domain by using a classification of bioinformatics data and tasks. The interface supports users authentication and profiling. Workflows can be selected on the basis of users' profiles and can be searched through their annotations. Results can be saved.
We developed a web system that support the selection and execution of predefined workflows, thus simplifying access for all researchers. The implementation of Web Services allowing specialized software to interact with an exhaustive set of biomedical databases and analysis software and the creation of effective workflows can significantly improve automation of in-silico analysis. Biowep is available for interested researchers as a reference portal. They are invited to submit their workflows to the workflow repository. Biowep is further being developed in the sphere of the Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Technologies in Bioinformatics - LITBIO.
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