In this paper, we exploit state-of-the-art energy management in sustainable smart cities employing the Internet of Energy (IoE). The primary goal of this study is to leverage cutting-edge energy ...management techniques through the IoE in sustainable smart cities to bring about significant improvements in clean energy processes while targeting environmental benefits, efficiency enhancements, sustainability, and cost reduction. In this work, we present a comprehensive exploration of energy management strategies within the context of IoE-enabled sustainable smart cities. Firstly, we provide a detailed classification of diverse energy management approaches pertinent to IoE-based sustainable smart cities. This classification covers a spectrum of methodologies, including scheduling optimization, the design of low-power device transceivers, cognitive frameworks, and the integration of cloud computing technology. Furthermore, we highlight the pivotal role of smart grids as fundamental elements in the establishment of smart cities. Within this context, we offer a comprehensive overview of the essential components that underlie smart grids, with a notable focus on the intricate realm of micro/nanogrids. Moreover, our research delves comprehensively into energy harvesting within the context of smart cities. We analyze crucial facets like receiver design, energy optimization methods, a variety of energy sources, efficient energy scheduling approaches, and the establishment of effective energy routing mechanisms. Additionally, we delve into the multifaceted nature of sustainable smart cities across various domains. Our investigation reaches its culmination in the creation of a novel conceptual framework and the identification of enabling technologies centered on effective energy management. Lastly, we contribute to the field by outlining the current research challenges and mapping potential research directions relevant to energy management within sustainable smart cities, capitalizing on the capabilities of the IoT.
The past couple of decades have witnessed global resurgence of herbal‐based health care. As a result, the trade of raw drugs has surged globally. Accurate and fast scientific identification of the ...plant(s) is the key to success for the herbal drug industry. The conventional approach is to engage an expert taxonomist, who uses a mix of traditional and modern techniques for precise plant identification. However, for bulk identification at industrial scale, the process is protracted and time‐consuming. DNA barcoding, on the other hand, offers an alternative and feasible taxonomic tool box for rapid and robust species identification. For the success of DNA barcode, the barcode loci must have sufficient information to differentiate unambiguously between closely related plant species and discover new cryptic species. For herbal plant identification, matK, rbcL, trnH‐psbA, ITS, trnL‐F, 5S‐rRNA and 18S‐rRNA have been used as successful DNA barcodes. Emerging advances in DNA barcoding coupled with next‐generation sequencing and high‐resolution melting curve analysis have paved the way for successful species‐level resolution recovered from finished herbal products. Further, development of multilocus strategy and its application has provided new vistas to the DNA barcode‐based plant identification for herbal drug industry. For successful and acceptable identification of herbal ingredients and a holistic quality control of the drug, DNA barcoding needs to work harmoniously with other components of the systems biology approach. We suggest that for effectively resolving authentication challenges associated with the herbal market, DNA barcoding must be used in conjunction with metabolomics along with need‐based transcriptomics and proteomics.
The concept of smart and connected healthcare has emerged in response to the growing demand for the improvement of healthcare systems and the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases. Looking ...towards the future, smart healthcare holds great potential to transform the healthcare industry by providing more efficient, personalized, and accessible healthcare services. This paper delves into the concept of intelligent, interconnected, and customized healthcare systems within the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) framework. It explores the utilization of cutting-edge technologies, including the IoMT, in conjunction with big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and blockchain to provide healthcare services that are not only more efficient but also more convenient and personalized. It draws on existing literature, bibliometric data, and global marketing analysis to gain a deeper understanding of these technologies and their impact on the healthcare system. We have explored several upcoming features of the Healthcare 5.0 paradigm, which represents the next evolution in healthcare systems focusing on a more personalized and patient-centric approach. We introduce a healthcare architecture specifically designed for the IoMT that prioritizes the security considerations associated with devices. Finally, we have focused on addressing open research challenges, particularly those related to fundamental social needs, such as ensuring equitable access to smart and connected healthcare systems.
Use of succinylcholine in neonates is surrounded by many controversies. The need to review this topic stems from the fact that though there is an abundance of information, but there are divergent ...views regarding its use in neonates. We have analyzed the incidence of intubation attempts, bradycardia, and hemodynamic changes in clinical settings.
The authors conducted a meta-analysis and systematic literature search to ascertain the risks and benefits of using succinylcholine in neonatal intubation by conducting a review in the online databases of PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, Elsevier, and Google scholar. The combination of keywords used for the search included “Succinylcholine,” “succinylcholine” AND “neonates,” “neonates” AND “difficult airway,” “neuromuscular blockers” AND “neonates,” and “non-depolarizing neuromuscular blockers” AND “neonates”. The severe adverse reactions associated with use of succinylcholine include bradycardia, asystole, hyperkalemia, and apnea. The number of attempts required for intubation was significantly lower in the patients receiving succinylcholine as compared to those who did not receive succinylcholine. Evidence suggests that conscious awake intubation leads to adverse physiological responses in neonates. The main recommended indications for using succinylcholine include emergency intubation in laryngospasm, full stomach, difficult airway, absent intravenous access, and controlled endotracheal intubation in the neonatal intensive care unit. Hence, the use of succinylcholine can be rationally accepted after considerations of the pre-operative clinical status of the neonate and risk-benefit ratio with more research further to build up strong evidence for the most appropriate agents for use in neonatal patients.
Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) is associated with innate immune dysfunction and high short-term mortality. Neutrophils have been identified to influence prognosis in ACLF. Neutrophil biology ...is under-evaluated in ACLF. Therefore, we investigated neutrophil-specific genes and their association with ACLF outcomes. This is an observational study. Enriched granulocytes, containing neutrophils, isolated from study participants in three groups- ACLF(n = 10), chronic liver disease (CLD, n = 4) and healthy controls (HC, n = 4), were analysed by microarray. Differentially expressed genes were identified and validated by qRT-PCR in an independent cohort of ACLF, CLD and HC (n = 30, 15 and 15 respectively). The association of confirmed overexpressed genes with ACLF 28-day non-survivors was investigated. The protein expression of selected neutrophil genes was confirmed using flow cytometry and IHC. Differential gene expression analysis showed 1140 downregulated and 928 upregulated genes for ACLF versus CLD and 2086 downregulated and 1091 upregulated genes for ACLF versus HC. Significant upregulation of neutrophilic inflammatory signatures were found in ACLF compared to CLD and HC. Neutrophil enriched genes ELANE, MPO and CD177 were highly upregulated in ACLF and their expression was higher in ACLF 28-day non-survivors. Elevated expression of CD177 protein on neutrophil surface in ACLF was confirmed by flow cytometry. IHC analysis in archival post mortem liver biopsies showed the presence of CD177
neutrophils in the liver tissue of ACLF patients. Granulocyte genes ELANE, MPO and CD177 are highly overexpressed in ACLF neutrophils as compared to CLD or HC. Further, this three-gene signature is highly overexpressed in ACLF 28-day non-survivors.
The developmental gradient in monocot leaves has been exploited to uncover leaf developmental gene expression programs and chloroplast biogenesis processes. However, the relationship between the two ...is barely understood, which limits the value of transcriptome data to understand the process of chloroplast development.
Taking advantage of the developmental gradient in the bread wheat leaf, we provide a simultaneous quantitative analysis for the development of mesophyll cells and of chloroplasts as a cellular compartment. This allows us to generate the first biologically-informed gene expression map of this leaf, with the entire developmental gradient from meristematic to fully differentiated cells captured. We show that the first phase of plastid development begins with organelle proliferation, which extends well beyond cell proliferation, and continues with the establishment and then the build-up of the plastid genetic machinery. The second phase is marked by the development of photosynthetic chloroplasts which occupy the available cellular space. Using a network reconstruction algorithm, we predict that known chloroplast gene expression regulators are differentially involved across those developmental stages.
Our analysis generates both the first wheat leaf transcriptional map and one of the most comprehensive descriptions to date of the developmental history of chloroplasts in higher plants. It reveals functionally distinct plastid and chloroplast development stages, identifies processes occurring in each of them, and highlights our very limited knowledge of the earliest drivers of plastid biogenesis, while providing a basis for their future identification.
Since the first report of a decline in semen quality in 1974, there have been several reports of similar declines across populations. Despite some scattered reports of declining semen quality in the ...Indian sub-continent, comprehensive studies analyzing semen quality over the last few decades have not been undertaken. We undertook the present study to investigate the temporal trend in semen parameters in Indian populations over a period of 37 years (1979-2016).
Publications providing semen analysis details for fertile and infertile men from the Indian sub-continent were collected by a thorough literature search. Semen quality data for 6466 normal fertile or presumptive normal men (from 119 studies/data sets) and 7020 infertile men (from 63 studies/data sets) published between 1979 and 2016 were retrieved. We undertook systematic review and quantitative analysis of mean sperm count, motility, normal morphology and other available parameters. Data were analyzed to estimate semen parameters reference values for Indian men and to assess temporal trends in infertile, fertile and all subjects.
Seminal quality shows a decreasing temporal trend and the decrease is higher in infertile than fertile males. In pooled analysis for all individuals, significant (p < 0.05 or < 0.001) declines in sperm concentration and normal morphology are observed; however, isolated analysis for each group shows declines without statistical significance. The mean (± SD) semen volume, sperm concentration, total motility, rapid linear progressive motility, normal sperm morphology and sperm viability for Indian fertile men are 2.88 ± 0.77 ml, 81.08 ± 29.21 million/ml, 66.37 ± 10.95%, 52.64 ± 15.78%, 56.68 ± 20.23% and 72.63 ± 8.31%, respectively, whereas in infertile these are 3.07 ± 1.27 ml, 37.94 ± 26.41 million/ml, 40.22 ± 13.76%, 26.79 ± 15.47%, 36.41 ± 21.66% and 55.25 ± 11.99%, respectively. The mean seminal parameter values were significantly lower (p < 0.001) in infertile as compared to fertile men, except semen volume.
Semen parameters in Indian men have declined with time and the deterioration is quantitatively higher in the infertile group. The study also provides reference values for semen parameters in Indian men.
Melatonin referred as the hormone of darkness is mainly secreted by pineal gland, its levels being elevated during night and low during the day. The effects of melatonin on insulin secretion are ...mediated through the melatonin receptors (MT1 and MT2). It decreases insulin secretion by inhibiting cAMP and cGMP pathways but activates the phospholipaseC/IP3 pathway, which mobilizes Ca2+from organelles and, consequently increases insulin secretion. Both in vivo and in vitro, insulin secretion by the pancreatic islets in a circadian manner, is due to the melatonin action on the melatonin receptors inducing a phase shift in the cells. Melatonin may be involved in the genesis of diabetes as a reduction in melatonin levels and a functional interrelationship between melatonin and insulin was observed in diabetic patients. Evidences from experimental studies proved that melatonin induces production of insulin growth factor and promotes insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation. The disturbance of internal circadian system induces glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, which could be restored by melatonin supplementation. Therefore, the presence of melatonin receptors on human pancreatic islets may have an impact on pharmacotherapy of type 2 diabetes.
With the integration of a voltage source converter (VSC), having variable internal voltages and source impedance, in a microgrid with high resistance to reactance ratio of short lines, angle-based ...transient stability techniques may find limitations. Under such a situation, the Lyapunov function can be a viable option for transient stability assessment (TSA) of such a VSC-interfaced microgrid. However, the determination of the Lyapunov function with the classical method is very challenging for a microgrid with converter controller dynamics. To overcome such challenges, this paper develops a physics-informed, Lyapunov function-based TSA framework for VSC-interfaced microgrids. The method uses the physics involved and the initial and boundary conditions of the system in learning the Lyapunov functions. This method is tested and validated under faults, droop-coefficient changes, generator outages, and load shedding on a small grid-connected microgrid and the CIGRE microgrid.
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