Adl, as one of the theological foundations of reading the relationship between the two sexes from the perspective of the Holy Quran, has found a special place among Muslim women thinkers. In such a ...way that one of the main foundations of modern feminist readings of the Holy Qur'an is reliance on justice as a theological basis, new-thinking women consider the condemnation of femininity in traditional interpretations as a result of the centrality of hadiths in the interpretation of the Qur'an, the human mistakes of the commentators, and not considering the gradual approach of the Qur'an towards equality. Some Shiite mujtahids, by accepting the same human identity of both sexes, consider justice in adopting appropriate approaches to gender differences in the form of rights and duties, in individual, family, and social fields. In this context, neo-thinking women believe in egalitarian justice and Shia thinkers believe in meritorious justice. This research examines the justice between the two sexes in the Qur'an from the point of view of Shia thinkers and feminist readings using an analytical-applied method
Suicide is one of the oldest phenomena of human societies, and since it must be studied and understood within the framework of social psychology of each society and its sub-communities, so far an ...important part of social studies of suicide has been focused on suicide in nomadic and rural areas. For several years, the significant number of suicides and especially women's self-immolations in the Dishmuk region of Kohgiluyeh and Boyar Ahmad provinces has been widely reflected in the media. This research sought to study and investigate suicide in this rural-nomadic area by using the qualitative method of phenomenology in Georgi's style and using semi-structured interviews. The research sample is purposeful and consists of people who have had an unsuccessful suicide or one of their relatives has committed suicide leading to death. In understanding the interviewees' perceptions of the causes and contexts of suicide attempts in this region, the researchers divided them into five main categories: 1) lack of knowledge and life management skills; 2) lack of satisfaction with private life; 3) reaching a feeling of dead end and getting stuck in social life; and 5) the personal aspects and the superficiality of some religious beliefs have been reached, each of which has been separated into more detailed concepts in the findings section and documented with quotes from the interviewees. Finally, these categories are compared with some of the theoretical literature on suicide, and the authors provide suggestions for suicide prevention.
This article(Comparison of the two narratives of the Old Testament and the Qur'an about the temptation of Adam and Job (pbuh) by their wives and its representation in Christian and Islamic visual ...arts) compares the two narratives of the Old Testament and the Qur'an concerning the temptation of Adam and Job (PBUH) by their wives and its representation in Christian and Islamic visual arts. The comparison of the how of deception and temptation of the two mentioned prophets by their wives that is, Eve's lack of patience towards the sanctity of eating the forbidden fruit and Rahma's lack of patience towards divine trials and their reflection in the visual arts of two Christian and Islamic cultures in the first-hand sources, is of the goals of this study. This is a comparative study and data collection has been done by exploring library documents and works and art treasures. Although in the text of the Holy Qur'an, not only is the fault of the temptation of Adam and Job not on the shoulders of their wives, but there are very clear interpretations that clearly reject this accusation, but on the other hand, some of the covenantal stories asserted the mediation of Eve for the temptation of Adam and also in Islamic hadith and commentary sources we can see traces of attributing some sins to Job's wife. However, the issue of the representation of Adam's temptation by Eve and Job's blaming by his wife Rahma is clearly evident and frequent in Christian art, but this is not the case in Islamic paintings. Regarding Adam's temptation by Eve and its consequences, such as their expulsion from heaven, Islamic paintings do not explicitly blamed Eve and sometimes they have given her equal dignity with Adam, and in the paintings related to the story of Job, no sign is found indicating the temptation of this Prophet made by his wife or reprimanding him by her.
Happiness or joyfulness is one of the basic human needs that has been considered by positive psychologists in recent years.Happiness and joyfulness are of fundamental importance to the mental, ...psychological, physical, and social health of humans.Since children are the important members of society, their happiness will be the context and foundation of a society with a high quality of life. this study has been aimed at investigating the relationship between the quality of marital relationship between parents and children’s joyfulness.This research is conducted by descriptive-correlational method.The statistical population of the study includes the parents of children aged 7 to 12 in Ardabil city, Iran.The sample size of this study is 154 parents of children aged 7 to 12 years in Ardabil city chosen by simple random sampling. The tools used in the present study include the Marital Relationship Quality Scale of Basby et al. (1995) and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire by Argyle and Lue (1989). Data were analyzed by means of Pearson analysis as well as regression tests.The data confirmed , there is a positive and significant relationship between the quality of parents’ marital relationships and children’s happiness. Moreover, there is a positive and significant relationship between each of the aspects of the quality of the parents’ marital relationship, i.e. cohesion, agreement, besides marital satisfaction of the parents with the children’s happiness.Conclusion:Therefore, one of the factors that can play a positive role in children's happiness is the quality of parents' marital relationships.Therefor it is necessary to address the issue.
In recent decades there have been new readings of holy Quran by Muslim women including authors known as “Islamic feminists”. This group of women such as Amina Wadud, Azizah Al-Hibri, Asma Barlas and ...Sadia sheikh are significantly influenced in their applied methodology by Fazlur Rahman’s interpretive theory. Rahman bases his Qur’anic hermeneutics on a theory of prophecy and revelation and also an understanding of history. He invites us to make distinction between normal Islam and historical Islam and calls for separating religious Ideals from religion’s contingencies for the sake of presenting Islam to the modern world. According to him, any reconstruction of Islamic thought primarily needs a comprehensive study of the Quran for its ethical worldview. He is concerned with reviving Ijtihad and defines it according to his own “two-way movement”. His methodological influence is obvious in the works of so-called “Islamic feminism” authors, then analysis and critique of his interpretive theory is in fact an analysis and critique of their readings. This paper takes “analytical research” and “dialectical criticism” as its methodical approaches and finally concludes that Rahman’s interpretive theory, though having new inspirations and hermeneutic inventions, cannot work as a well-found theological-methodological base for alternative interpretations, without creating new problematic faults.
Constructing and using water systems and the indigenous knowledge associated with them are among the pivotal components of local communities, manifesting the convergent correlation of human life and ...Mother Nature. Practically, the purpose of this convergence was to realize human needs according to a careful understanding of natural limitations which ends to formulation of a system of meanings and rituals related water using styles. As a historical water-storing construction, Burka maintains strong similarities with other traditional water-storing structures in other parts of Iran while remaining particularities due to the geographical and cultural conditions of Qeshm Island. Relying on a realistic ethnography method, and after selection of 18 urban and rural regions in the island as its field, this study used both deep and focus-group interviews with more than 80 persons of local informants along with participative observation and survey of related published documents to collect and analyze the data regarding this traditional knowledge. Finally, this study led to a thick description of the indigenous knowledge regarding construction, maintenance and utilizing Burkas and functional-ritual values around them. Wise techniques of spotting the best location for harvesting the best quality rain water and building the Burka according to a technical intelligent architecture and then channeling the stream to the sediment pool and then transmitting it to a deep covered basin (constructing), constant solidarity of local communities through subtle mores (maintenance), and frugality and contentment in using water according to priorities (utilizing) are prominent components of this indigenous knowledge.
There is no such thing as impartiality in the theories of social sciences and humanities. We can recognize their metatheories by studying various pretheoretical bases they are founded on. By ...metatheory we mean a corpus that consists of metatheoretical constituents, or pretheoretical presuppositions. Metatheoretical presuppositions are often hidden and become manifest through metathorizing and studying theories that in turn will lead to a second – hand knowledge. According to metatheoreticians, metatheoretical presuppositions are of different kinds: metaphysical, cosmological, logical, ontological, epistemological, methodological, axiological, praxiological, aetiological, ethical, and aesthetic. Metatheoricians also mention some principal metatheories due to the existing differences among theorists in regard to the above-mentioned presuppositions or the prominent philosophical schools. These are: positivistic, postmodernist, critical realist, and hermeneutic presuppositions; and critical presuppositions. Each metatheory has its own method of metatheorization; i.e its own stance towards how to discover or formulate metatheories. In this article, metatheorization is discussed as a path towards religious theories in social sciences and humanities through discovering Islamic metatheories.
“Islamic feminism” is an analytical-descriptive title by which western observers identify the intellectual activities of Muslim women. Muslim female scholars of “Islamic feminism”, though there is no ...consensus among them about this label, have various approaches and subjects of study in relation to the field of Islam and gender. Aziza Al-Hibri and Kecia Ali are two of these Muslim scholars whose research focus has been on revising and criticizing Islamic (Sunni) jurisprudence. Sharing some characteristics in their study of fiqh, they represent two different intellectual positions on the Islamic jurisprudence among the scholars of “Islamic feminism”. Both Al-Hibri and Ali consider the social contexts and intellectual dynamism of the formation era of Islamic jurisprudence. However, while Al-Hibri tries to activate the capacities of the existing fiqh to seek gender equality, Ali tries to deconstruct what she observes as the roots of gender inequality in fiqh and uncovers methodological instruments (e.g. Qias) that established inequality and hierarchal gender and sexual relations and ethics. Ali considers the approach of scholars like Al-Hibri as destined for failure because of a lack of deconstruction of the essential formulations of inequality in the formation era of Sunni fiqh. A comparative study of different suggestions these two scholars have offered unveil the horizons of “Islamic feminism” on revising and criticizing the Islamic (Sunni) jurisprudence.
To offer new and substitute perspectives in communication science and provide appropriate grounds for domestic theorization require the knowledge of pre-theoretical presuppositions of predominant ...theoretical trends, known as meta theoretical presuppositions. Every philosophical trend or every paradigm constitutes a system of these meta-theoretical presuppositions including ontological, epistemological, ideological and axiological presuppositions. By a meta-theoretical analysis of theories and communication problems, we come across some meta-theories, namely rationalism, functionalism, exegeticism, criticism and especially postmodernism. Each of these meta-theories has offered their own trends to various pertinent fields of communication theories. Besides these philosophical approaches, there exists a form of meta-theoretical analysis that aims at providing an Asian-centered meta-theoretical perspective and "de-westernizing" the communication theory.
