P and S receiver functions (PRF and SRF) from 19 seismograph stations in the Gibraltar Arc and the Iberian Massif reveal new details of the regional deep structure. Within the high-velocity mantle ...body below southern Spain the 660-km discontinuity is depressed by at least 20 km. The Ps phase from the 410-km discontinuity is missing at most stations in the Gibraltar Arc. A thin (∼50 km) low-S-velocity layer atop the 410-km discontinuity is found under the Atlantic margin. At most stations the S410p phase in the SRFs arrives 1.0–2.5 s earlier than predicted by IASP91 model, but, for the propagation paths through the upper mantle below southern Spain, the arrivals of S410p are delayed by up to +1.5 s. The early arrivals can be explained by elevated Vp/Vs ratio in the upper mantle or by a depressed 410-km discontinuity. The positive residuals are indicative of a low (∼1.7 versus ∼ 1.8 in IASP91) Vp/Vs ratio. Previously, the low ratio was found in depleted lithosphere of Precambrian cratons. From simultaneous inversion of the PRFs and SRFs we recognize two types of the mantle: ‘continental’ and ‘oceanic’. In the ‘continental’ upper mantle the S-wave velocity in the high-velocity lid is 4.4–4.5 km s−1, the S-velocity contrast between the lid and the underlying mantle is often near the limit of resolution (0.1 km s−1), and the bottom of the lid is at a depth reaching 90–100 km. In the ‘oceanic’ domain, the S-wave velocities in the lid and the underlying mantle are typically 4.2–4.3 and ∼ 4.0 km s−1, respectively. The bottom of the lid is at a shallow depth (around 50 km), and at some locations the lid is replaced by a low S-wave velocity layer. The narrow S–N-oriented band of earthquakes at depths from 70 to 120 km in the Alboran Sea is in the ‘continental’ domain, near the boundary between the ‘continental’ and ‘oceanic’ domains, and the intermediate seismicity may be an effect of ongoing destruction of the continental lithosphere.
Abstract
Background
Street food (SF) is a strong tradition in Central Asia, where urbanization and westernization of food habits is occurring. Research on SF consumption is scarce, and crucial to ...understand its implications for public health. This study aims to describe the SF purchases in urban areas of Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Dushanbe, Bishkek, Ashgabat and Almaty in 2016/2017. SF markets (n = 34) and vending sites (n = 270) were selected by random and systematic sampling. Data on customers’ characteristics and food items purchased was collected by direct observation. Nutritional composition of the food items (n = 852) was obtained by laboratorial analysis (n = 582) or food composition tables and labels (n = 270).
Results
A total of 714 customers were identified. The most commonly purchased foods and beverages were savoury pastries/snacks (23.2%), main dishes (19.0%), sweet pastries/confectionery (17.9%), tea/coffee (11.3%) and soft drinks/juices (9.8%). Fruit was the least frequently purchased food (1.1%). Nearly one-third of customers purchased industrial food items; this proportion was significantly higher in Kazakhstan (43.2%) and Turkmenistan (32.3%). The median energy content of a SF purchase ranged between 352kcal (Tajikistan) and 568kcal (Turkmenistan). The median saturated (SFA) and trans fat contents were 4.74g and 0.36g, respectively; the highest values were 9.01g for SFA (Turkmenistan) and 0.60g for trans fat (Kazakhstan), accounting for 40.6% and 27.3% of the maximum daily recommendations, respectively. Sodium-potassium ratio was far above recommended, reaching the highest values of 6.57 and 5.17 in Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan.
Conclusions
Frequent purchase of industrial food reflects a shift to a westernized dietary pattern. Public health policies in these settings should aim to increase fruit availability and to improve SF nutritional composition, namely its lipid profile and sodium content.
Key messages
A relevant proportion of customers bought industrial foods, while fruit was rarely purchased, reflecting the nutrition transition process that is occurring in developing countries.
Street food meals showed concerning levels of saturated fat, trans-fat and sodium, which must be considered when designing strategies targeted to improve the urban food environment in these settings.
Hemangioblastoma (HB) is a Central Nervous System (CNS) tumor with a generally favorable behavior and prognosis, classified as WHO grade 1. Sporadic HB is not related to any inherited disease, and it ...usually appears in a single location. Sporadic or VHL-related HBs show variable patterns of growth velocity. Cases of growing HB can cause mild symptoms such as headache, but some cases develop serious complications such as accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain with secondary neurological damage sometimes being irreversible when early treatment is not started. Our case showed some clinical characteristics more frequently observed in VHL-related HB rather than sporadic HB, and the presence of alterations inMDM2 and EGFR that could be related to the oncogenesis of these tumors. Even when the treatment of choice for HB is surgery, the presence of these genetic alterations could open a new window for research aimed at assessing the possibility of new therapies with TKIs-EGFR and anti-MDM2 inhibitors in those HB cases with multifocal recurrences or cases with an adverse clinical behavior. Keywords: haemangioblastoma, mouse double minute 2, epidermal growth factor receptor, hydrocephalus, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization
A flow system using the sample as the carrier with a propulsion device located after the detector is presented. This approach allows the correction of the intrinsic color of the sample, as it ...provides baseline adjustment for each sample. A confluence situated just after the selection valve allows the sample composition to be adjusted for the colorimetric measurement. The developed methodology was applied to the colorimetric determination of total Fe and Cr (VI) in wastewaters at 0.1-6.0 mg L-1 and 0.03-1.0 mg L-1, respectively. RSDs lower than 3% and a sampling rate of approximately 40 h-1 were obtained.
The knowledge of the anisotropic properties beneath the Iberian Peninsula and Northern Morocco has been dramatically improved since late 2007 with the analysis of the data provided by the dense ...TopoIberia broad-band seismic network, the increasing number of permanent stations operating in Morocco, Portugal and Spain, and the contribution of smaller scale/higher resolution experiments. Results from the two first TopoIberia deployments have evidenced a spectacular rotation of the fast polarization direction (FPD) along the Gibraltar Arc, interpreted as an evidence of mantle flow deflected around the high velocity slab beneath the Alboran Sea, and a rather uniform N100°E FPD beneath the central Iberian Variscan Massif, consistent with global mantle flow models taking into account contributions of surface plate motion, density variations and net lithosphere rotation. The results from the last Iberarray deployment presented here, covering the northern part of the Iberian Peninsula, also show a rather uniform FPD orientation close to N100°E, thus confirming the previous interpretation globally relating the anisotropic parameters to the LPO of mantle minerals generated by mantle flow at asthenospheric depths. However, the degree of anisotropy varies significantly, from delay time values of around 0.5s beneath NW Iberia to values reaching 2.0s in its NE corner. The anisotropic parameters retrieved from single events providing high quality data also show significant differences for stations located in the Variscan units of NW Iberia, suggesting that the region includes multiple anisotropic layers or complex anisotropy systems. These results allow to complete the map of the anisotropic properties of the westernmost Mediterranean region, which can now be considered as one of best constrained regions worldwide, with more than 300 sites investigated over an area extending from the Bay of Biscay to the Sahara platform.
•Completing the anisotropic map of the western Mediterranean region, with more than 300 sites investigated for anisotropy over an area covering N Morocco and the whole Iberian Peninsula.•Average fast velocity direction close to E–W beneath central and northern Iberia.•The origin of this anisotropy is globally related to the LPO of mantle minerals generated by mantle flow at asthenospheric depths•Significant regional variations are identified and related to major geodynamical processes.
Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction Thygesen, Kristian; Alpert, Joseph S; Jaffe, Allan S ...
Journal of the American College of Cardiology,
10/2012, Volume:
60, Issue:
16
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding, Web Resource
Peer reviewed
Open access
.1595 Abbreviations and acronyms ACCF = American College of Cardiology Foundation ACS = acute coronary syndrome AHA = American Heart Association CAD = coronary artery disease CABG = coronary artery ...bypass grafting CKMB = creatine kinase MB isoform cTn = cardiac troponin CT = computed tomography CV = coefficient of variation ECG = electrocardiogram ESC = European Society of Cardiology FDG = fluorodeoxyglucose h = hour(s) HF = heart failure LBBB = left bundle branch block LV = left ventricle LVH = left ventricular hypertrophy MI = myocardial infarction mlBG = meta-iodo-benzylguanidine min = minute(s) MONICA = Multinational MONItoring of trends and determinants in CArdiovascular disease MPS = myocardial perfusion scintigraphy MRI = magnetic resonance imaging mV = millivolt(s) ng/L = nanogram(s) per liter Non-Q Ml = non-Q wave myocardial infarction NSTEMI = non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention PET = positron emission tomography pg/mL = pictogram(s) per milliliter Q wave Ml = Q wave myocardial infarction RBBB = right bundle branch block sec = second(s) SPECT = single photon emission computed tomography STEMI = ST elevation myocardial infarction ST-T = ST-segment -T wave URL = upper reference limit WHF = World Heart Federation WHO = World Health Organization Introduction Myocardial infarction (MI) can be recognized by clinical features, including electrocardiographic (ECG) findings, elevated values of biochemical markers (biomarkers) of myocardial necrosis, and by imaging, or may be defined by pathology. Additionally, the management of patients with MI has significantly improved, resulting in less myocardial injury and necrosis, in spite of a similar clinical presentation. ...it appears necessary to distinguish the various conditions which may cause MI, such as 'spontaneous' and 'procedure-related' MI. ...physicians, other healthcare providers and patients require an up-to-date definition of MI.
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension 1) Rationale: Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a major complication of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Two patients were submitted ...a pulmonary biopsy that identified tuberculosis (patient 1 and 5), one in biopsy had identified Mycobacterium interjectum (patient 2), one had fungal serology positive and bronchial-alveolar culture positive for Aspergillus (patient 3), one had a pulmonary abscess with isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae (patient 4),and one had no infectious agent identified as the cause of the lung cavitations, despite the investigation (patient 6).
Curcumin and its analogues exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in different experimental models. Recently, we synthesized (2
E
,3
E
...)-3-buten-2-one-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-thiazolyl)hydrazone (RI75), a curcumin analogue with a thiazolyl hydrazone moiety. In the present study, we investigated the effects induced by RI75 in different models of inflammation and pain in mice, as well as some underlying mechanisms. Pre-treatment with RI75 (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneal; i.p.) or curcumin (40 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced the mechanical allodynia and paw edema induced by intraplantar (i.pl) injection of carrageenan. RI75 antiallodynic activity was reduced by pre-treatment with naltrexone (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) and cyproheptadine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), but not glibenclamide (20 and 40 mg/kg, i.p.). In a model of neuropathic pain, a single i.p. administration of RI75 (40 mg/kg) or curcumin (40 mg/kg) attenuated the ongoing mechanical allodynia induced by repeated administrations of paclitaxel. Pre-treatment with RI75 (40 mg/kg, i.p.) or curcumin (40 mg/kg, i.p.) also reduced tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 production and myeloperoxidase activity induced by carrageenan. The results of the present study demonstrate that RI75, a synthetic curcumin analogue, exhibits antiallodynic and antiedematogenic activities. Activation of opioidergic and serotonergic mechanisms and reduced production of inflammatory mediators and neutrophil recruitment may underlie RI75 activities.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and debilitating psychiatric illness. Although a genetic component contributes to its etiology, no single gene or mechanism has been identified to the ...OCD susceptibility. The catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) genes have been investigated in previous OCD studies, but the results are still unclear. More recently, Taylor (2013) in a comprehensive meta-analysis of genetic association studies has identified COMT and MAO-A polymorphisms involved with OCD. In an effort to clarify the role of these two genes in OCD vulnerability, a family-based association investigation was performed as an alternative strategy to the classical case-control design.
Transmission disequilibrium analyses were performed after genotyping 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (eight in COMT and five in MAO-A) in 783 OCD trios (probands and their parents). Four different OCD phenotypes (from narrow to broad OCD definitions) and a SNP x SNP epistasis were also analyzed.
OCD, broad and narrow phenotypes,were not associated with any of the investigated COMT and MAO-A polymorphisms. In addition, the analyses of gene-gene interaction did not show significant epistatic influences on phenotype between COMT and MAO-A.
The findings do not support an association between DSM-IV OCD and the variants of COMT or MAO-A. However, results from this study cannot exclude the contribution of these genes in the manifestation of OCD. The evaluation of broader spectrum phenotypes could help to understand the role of these and other genes in the pathophysiology of OCD and its spectrum disorders.
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