The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next-generation ground-based very-high-energy gamma-ray observatory. The Large-Sized Telescope (LST) of CTA is designed to detect gamma rays between 20 GeV ...and a few TeV with a 23-meter diameter mirror. We have developed the focal plane camera of the first LST, which has 1855 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) and the readout system which samples a PMT waveform at GHz with switched capacitor arrays, Domino Ring Sampler ver4 (DRS4). To measure the precise pulse charge and arrival time of Cherenkov signals, we developed a method to calibrate the output voltage of DRS4 and the sampling time interval, as well as an analysis method to correct the spike noise of DRS4. Since the first LST was inaugurated in 2018, we have performed the commissioning tests and calibrated the camera. We characterised the camera in terms of the charge pedestal under various conditions of the night sky background, the charge resolution of each pixel, the charge uniformity of the whole camera, and the time resolutions with a test pulse and calibration laser.
The extragalactic background light (EBL) is the radiation accumulated through the history of the Universe in the wavelength range from the ultraviolet to the far infrared. Local foregrounds make the ...direct measurement of the diffuse EBL notoriously difficult, while robust lower limits have been obtained by adding up the contributions of all the discrete sources resolved in deep infrared and optical galaxy observations. Gamma-ray astronomy has emerged in the past few years as a powerful tool for the study of the EBL: very-high-energy (VHE) photons traversing cosmological distances can interact with EBL photons to produce e\(^+\)e\(^-\) pairs, resulting in an energy-dependent depletion of the gamma-ray flux of distant sources that can be used to set constraints on the EBL density. The study of the EBL is one of the key scientific programs currently carried out by the MAGIC collaboration. We present here the results of the analysis of 32 VHE spectra of 12 blazars in the redshift range 0.03 - 0.94, obtained with over 300 hours of observations with the MAGIC telescopes between 2010 and 2016. A combined likelihood maximization approach is used to evaluate the density and spectrum of the EBL most consistent with the MAGIC observations. The results are compatible with state-of-the-art EBL models, and constrain the EBL density to be roughly within \(\simeq 20\%\) of the nominal value in such models. The study reveals no anomalies in gamma-ray propagation in the large optical depth regime - contrary to some claims based on meta-analyses of published VHE spectra.
Status of Magic-II Moralejo, Abelardo; for the MAGIC collaboration
arXiv.org,
12/2009
Paper, Journal Article
Open access
A status report of the second phase of the MAGIC ground-based gamma-ray facility (as of October 2009) is presented. MAGIC became recently a stereoscopic Cherenkov observatory with the inauguration of ...its second telescope, MAGIC-II, which is currently approaching the end of its commissioning stage.
In this contribution we describe the design of the Data AcQuisition (DAQ) and online analysis software of the MAGIC telescopes after the 2012 upgrade. Although the final stereo trigger requires ...coincidence between the two telescopes, the actual data acquisition is performed independently, producing two separate data streams. Events are first readout and built from the front-end electronics and then stored in the DAQs' internal ring buffer for further processing: pre-calibration and signal extraction. The pixel signals, previously used only for data quality monitoring, are now also sent "on-the-fly" to the centralized online analysis program MOLA, which acts as a single client for the two DAQ data streams, and uses this information to provide preliminary high level analysis results. The integrated DAQ and online analysis programs allows an immediate feedback in case of a rapid gamma-ray flare of the pointed astrophysical source.
We investigate the performance of the MAGIC telescopes under three simulated atmospheric conditions: an increased aerosol content in the lower part of the troposphere, the presence of thin aerosol ...over-densities at different heights, and an extremely clean atmosphere. Weshow how the effective area of the telescope system is gradually reduced in the presence of varying concentrations of aerosols whereas the energy threshold rises. Clouds at different heights produce energy and altitude-dependent effects on the performance of the system.
MAGIC is a system of two Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes located at the Canary Island of La Palma, designed to observe gamma rays with energies above 50 GeV. Recently it has undergone an ...upgrade of the camera, digital trigger and readout systems. The upgrade has led to an improvement in the performance of the telescopes, especially in the lower energy range. We evaluate the performance of the upgraded MAGIC telescopes using Monte Carlo simulations and a large sample of Crab Nebula data. We study differential and integral sensitivity of the system, its angular resolution as well as its energy resolution.
The Crab Pulsar Wind Nebula is the best studied source of \(\gamma\)-ray astrophysics. The contribution of the various soft radiation fields to the Inverse Compton component of its high energy ...emission, the strenght of the internal magnetic field and the maximum energies reached by primary electrons are however still matter of study. The MAGIC stereoscopic system recorded almost 50 hours of Crab Nebula data in the last two years, between October 2009 and April 2011. Analysis of this data sample using the latest improvements in the MAGIC stereo software provided an unprecedented differential energy spectrum spanning three decades in energy, from 50 GeV up to 45 TeV. At low energies, the MAGIC results, combined with the Fermi/LAT data, yield a precise measurement of the Inverse Compton peak. In addition, we present light curves of the Crab Nebula at different time scales, including a measurement simultaneous to one of the Crab Nebula flares recently detected by both Fermi/LAT and AGILE. Using the MAGIC spectrum together with multiwavelength data, we discuss the implications for the modeling of the Crab Nebula.
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