As a surrogate of live cells, proteo-lipobeads are presented, encapsulating functional membrane proteins in a strict orientation into a lipid bilayer. Assays can be performed just as on live cells, ...for example using fluorescence measurements. As a proof of concept, we have demonstrated proton transport through cytochrome c oxidase.
Ceramics high rate timing RPC Naumann, L.; Kotte, R.; Stach, D. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
02/2011, Volume:
628, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
A resistive plate counter for timing purposes in the high rate environment of the Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment has been developed at the Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. The detector ...electrodes are made of a ceramics composite whose volume resistivity can be tuned in the production process over five orders of magnitude. The detector prototype has been tested with single electrons of 32
MeV. It shows an all-time high rate capability for electron fluxes up to 5×10
5
s
−1
cm
−2.
Abstract
The amount of space debris orbiting the earth is increasing. More than 700 000 objects with critical sizes of more than 1 cm have the potential to cause severe damage to space-based ...infrastructure. Improving the sensitivity of next generation space surveillance RADARs is necessary for the ability to detect space debris with sizes down to 1 cm. For a successful detection, a key parameter is the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Therefore the Fraunhofer Institute for High Frequency Physics and Radar Technique (FHR) analyses cryogenic cooled receivers for space surveillance RADAR systems. In addition to electrical frequency, the requirements of a mechanical design for a large cryo-cooled phased array receiver is challenging. In previous papers, an interim stage 7-element cryogenic receiver with cold antennas was mentioned as well as first studies of a scalable RF unit cell. The present paper shows the prototype and first results of a 37 – element phased array receiver, based on simulations. The design of a cryogenic phased array requires thermal and mechanical simulations in consideration with the modular design concept including the scalable unit cell. Referring to the German Space Surveillance Tracking RADAR (GESTRA) operating in L-band leads to the large receiver size due to the free-air wavelength of 23 cm. This paper presents our approach in the design of a 37 cryogenic phased array. It presents the simulation with focus on thermal transitions, heat loads and mechanical stress.
High-rate timing RPC with ceramics electrodes Naumann, L.; Kotte, R.; Stach, D. ...
Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment,
04/2011, Volume:
635, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
A resistive plate counter for timing purposes in the high-rate environment of the Compressed Baryonic Matter Experiment has been developed at the Forschungszentrum Dresden-Rossendorf. The detector ...electrodes are made of a ceramics composite. Detector tests have been performed with minimum ionizing single electrons, delivered by the electron accelerator ELBE with a time accuracy of few picoseconds. The ceramics RPC shows an all-time high-rate capability for electron fluxes up to
2.7
×
10
5
s
−
1
cm
−
2
.
An improved setup including a measuring cell was designed for time-resolved surface-enhanced resonance Raman (SERR) spectroscopy. The cell is based on a rotating disk electrode (RDE) made from ...electrochemically roughened Ag. Cytochrome c (cc) adsorbed on a monolayer of mercaptoethanol is investigated with respect to heterogeneous electron transfer. Cyclic voltammograms and potential-dependent static SERR spectra indicate cc to be electroactive on the Ag electrode. The standard redox potential was found to be 234 mV. Time-resolved SERR spectra were then measured triggered by periodic potential pulses changing the protein between the oxidized and reduced state at a frequency of 10 Hz. Monoexponential functions obtained from the intensity of the band at 1361 cm−1 plotted versus time yielded the rate constants of heterogeneous electron transfer to be k ox = 46 ± 7 s−1 and k red = 84 ± 20 s−1. These relatively low rates are in line with the orientation of cc on the mercaptoethanol-modified Ag electrode. In this case the heme cleft pointed away from the surface thus hampering electron transfer.
The two-layer gold surface developed before is used for time-resolved surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (tr-SEIRAS). The electron transfer (eT) rate to cytochrome c adsorbed to a ...self-assembled monolayer of 2-mercaptoethanol is measured using SEIRAS in the step-scan mode in an ATR configuration. Electron transfer is triggered by periodic potential pulses applied to the gold surface which is used both as an electrode and a surface enhancing layer. Phase sensitive detection is used to separate and determine band parameters of the strongly overlapping absorption bands of the amide region. The surface enhancement effect of the two-layer gold surface was determined to be 128. Rate constants for eT under conditions of the experiment were determined by tr-SEIRAS to be k ox = 1810 ± 239 s−1 and k red = 1880 ± 232 s−1 for oxidation and reduction, respectively. This was deduced from the time-dependent change of one particular amino acid (His-18) directly ligated to the porphyrine ring of the heme center. Different groups of the peptide backbone were found to be excited at different excitation frequencies.
CCP, cyclic citrullinated peptide; CRP, C-reactive protein; DAS28, 28-joint Disease Activity Score; DMARD, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; MST, morning ...stiffness; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; RF, rheumatoid factor. Patients switching to a second TNFi showed significant response to treatment and, interestingly, a significant GC-sparing effect. 7 8 Limitations of our study are that (i) the reduction of GC dosages was based on criteria of daily clinical practice rather than prespecified criteria and that (ii) there was no control group of patients undergoing conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy.
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