To determine the frequency of prescribing and the main therapeutic targets of Teraligen in the treatment of Schizotypal disorder (STD) in childhood and adolescence.
The sample consisted of 151 ...patients aged 7 to 16 years with a diagnosis of STD (F 21), of which 31.1% (
47) of female patients and 68.9% (
104) of male patients who received inpatient or outpatient treatment at the FSBI NCPZ from 2008 to 2020. The study was conducted by clinical-psychopathological, clinical-catamnestic, and statistical methods.
Teraligen was prescribed by psychiatrists to patients with STD in 74.2% of cases, of which in 46.4% of cases patients received Teraligen even before the diagnosis of STD in connection with complaints of neurotic disorders (anxiety, fears and sleep disorders) (
30), as well as in connection with autistic-like behavior (
22). At the time of follow-up, 55% (
83) of patients received Teraligen, of which 63.9% (
53) of patients were prescribed it for the first time. The applied schemes of prescribing Teraligen for the treatment of anxiety-phobic, depressive and behavioral syndromes within the framework of the STD in a relatively age-related aspect are presented.
The high frequency of prescribing Teraligen by psychiatrists and neurologists to children and adolescents with STD at different stages of observation is shown, which reflects the confidence of specialists in this drug. Teraligen has demonstrated a multidimensional pharmacological effect, including a mild antipsychotic effect, providing reduction of a wide range of psychopathological symptoms, with good tolerability and drug interaction. The study of the possibilities of Teraligen, both for monotherapy and for augmentation of the treatment of mental pathology in childhood, remains relevant.
Objective:
to develop and justify differentiated indications for the use of agomelatine (valdoxan) to treat the typological variants of endogenous depressions with varying severity on the basis of an ...analysis of its therapeutic efficacy.
Patients and methods.
An open prospective study was conducted using the clinical, psychopathological, and psychometric rating scales: the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-21); Udvalg for Kliniske Undersњgelser Scale (UKU); the Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure Scale (SHAPS) for assessing anhedonic disorders, and statistical methods. Examinations were made in 56 patients (mean age, 34.9 years) with moderate and severe endogenous depression within affective psychosis (n=42) and shift-like schizophrenia (n=14) (ICD-10 items F31.3–4; F32.1–2, and F33.1–2). The patients received a cycle treatment with agomelatine (valdoxan) 25–50 mg once a day in the evening for 4–8 weeks. The patients' status was evaluated over time on fixed days from a reduction in the mean total score (MTS) of the respective scales as insignificant (less than 19% reduction in disorders), moderate (20–49%), good (50–69%), and excellent (70% or more) effects. The effect of agomelatine was analyzed in two patient groups. The specific features of the antidepressive effect and its dynamics in the presence of endogenous depressions of different typologies (melancholic, anxious, and adynamic depressions) were studied in Group 1 (n=26); the effect of agomelatine on anhedonic endogenous depressions and manifestations of anhedonia in different mental activity areas (interests, social activity, emotional engagement and eating/drinking) was investigated in Group 2 (n=30).
Results and discussion.
There was a good tolerance and a high antidepressant activity of agomelatine during its treatment cycle for moderate and severe endogenous depressions. A significant improvement (an 84.4% reduction in HAMD-21 MTS) was noted in patients at 3 and 4 weeks of the treatment cycle and consistently persisted at a subsequent follow-up. Agomelatine showed a good effect (a 50% or more reduction in HAMD-21 MTS) just at 14 days of therapy. The drug was observed to have a balanced antidepressant effect, significant thymoleptic, stimulant, anxiolytic, and antianhedonic activities (reductions in the MTS of depressive disorders by 90.83, 84.9, 82.39, and 78.9%, respectively).
Conclusion.
The universal spectrum of the antidepressive effect of agomelatine, its good tolerability, high efficacy, and rapid improvement makes it the drug of choice in treating a wide range of psychopathological endogenous depressions: melancholic, apatho-adynamic, anxious, and anhedonic ones.
The mining safety circuit based on geophysical research is described in the article in terms of the Upper Kama Potash Deposit, with exemplification of different stages of the geophysical survey ...design. The authors discuss options of integrated interpretation of seismic and electric exploration data aiming to locate and monitor hazardous natural and mining-induced processes in potassium-enclosing strata.
To determine a therapeutic effect of agomelatine (valdoxan) on post-schizophrenic depression (PSD), taking into account its psychopathological structure.
A total of 33 patients of both sexes (average ...age was 32.1 yrs) with symptoms of post-schizophrenic depression (F20.4 according to ICD-10) were examined by using clinical and psychometric methods in the dynamics of shift-like schizophrenia. HAMD-17, PANSS and CGI-S scales were applied. All the patients were subdivided into groups: mild, moderate and severe depressions. Valdoxan was used at a dose of 25-50 mg/day for 28 days along with preceding antipsychotic therapy at maintenance doses. Evaluation of the efficacy of treatment was carried out according to percentage reduction of average total score (ATS) in dynamics.
A significant effect of valdoxan, with 73.5% of PANSS score reduction and quicker response to treatment, was identified. Therapeutic effect of valdoxan on separate components of PSD was uneven. The decrease of depressive disorders per se assessed by HAМD-17 and PANSS G-subscale was equally high (78.4 and 78.2%, respectively). Therapeutic reduction of negative disorders according to PANSS N-subscale was the lowest, at the level of 'good' effect (53.6%). In 27.3%, negative disorders were irreversible and were assessed as schizophrenic defect; in 72.7% of patients they were diagnosed as 'secondary' negative symptoms in atypical depression. In the subgroups of mild, moderate, and severe depression, the reduction of negative disorders was 62.4; 44.2 and 60.8%, respectively, and that of total PANSS score were 81.5; 66.1, and 78.6%, i.e. there was no correlation between these variables.
Agomelatin (valdoxan) is an effective medication for optimization of methods of PSD treatment, providing the therapeutic effect at the level of significant or complete reduction of symptoms. The quality (depth) and rate of formation of response in the dynamics of course treatment are determined not by the severity of depressive disorders in PSD structure, but by the ratio between negative (deficit) symptoms and 'secondary' symptoms, reflecting the degree of progression of the main disease.
The aim of the work is to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of grain of spring barley varieties cultivated in the conditions of the Predkamsk zone of the Republic of Tatarstan. The ...research was conducted in Tatarsky Research Institute of Agriculture FRC of Kazan Research Center RAS in 2015–2022. In the conditions of the Predkamsk zone, on average over the years of research, the late maturing variety Endan was characterized by reliably high values of 1000 grain weight (48.5 g), the early maturing variety Kamashevsky – reliably high values of natural grain weight (686, 3 g/l), convergence from 2.8 x 20 mm sieve (33.9 %) and coarseness (70.02 %), medium maturing variety Raushan – higher variability in 1000 grain weight (18.6 %), convergence from 2.8 and 2.5 x 20 mm sieves (55.6 and 29.7 %, respectively) and coarseness (39.5 %). The direct dependence of the mass of 1000 grains, runoff from the sieve 2.8 x 20 mm and coarseness on the sum of precipitation (r = 0.41/0.58/0.56, respectively), GTC (r = 0.40/0.58/0.55, respectively) and inverse dependence of these physical and mechanical properties on the average daily air temperature (r = -0.51/-0.62/-0.63, respectively) of the interphase period "earing-full ripeness" were established at 1% significance level. Judging by the value of the coefficient of determination (r2), the most closely related to the average daily air temperature are the signs "mass of 1000 grains", "drift from the sieve 2.8 x 20 mm" and "coarseness". The analysis of path coefficients revealed a high direct positive contribution (0.87) of 2.8 x 20 mm sieve runoff and an average direct positive contribution (0.43) of 2.5 x 20 mm sieve runoff to grain yield. Under the conditions of the Predkamsk zone, the prevailing contribution to the total variance of the traits "drift from the sieve 2.8 x 20 mm", "coarseness", "weight of 1000 grains", "bulk grain weight", "drift from the sieve 2.5 x 20 mm" was made by the factor "year", which accounted for (in descending order) 81.7...80.3...76.6...76.2. 68.7 %, respectively.
To assess the efficacy and safety of pantogam active (PA) in prevention and correction of neurological side-effects during the course neuroleptic treatment of acute endogenous psychoses.
Eighty ...schizophrenic patients (mean age 33 years) with acute psychosis were examined. All patients received 28-day course treatment with typical and atypical neuroleptics. Two equal groups were studied: patients of the first group were treated with trihexyphenidyl (THP) in dose of 0,002-0,012 mg and patients of the second group received in addition PA in dose 0,9 mg/day. Clinical-observation, psychometric scales (PANSS, CGI-S, UKU) were administered at baseline and in 1st,3rd,7th, 14th, 21st, 28st day.
PA in the combination with THP improved tolerability to neuroleptic therapy in whole and exerted the better correction effect on neuroleptic extrapyramidal disorders (EPD) compared to THP monotherapy. The number of patients with ERD was reduced by 1.5 times and prevention of EPD was observed 3 times more frequent in the group treated with PA. In the THP group, other adverse effects (AE) were 1,7 times more frequent and the total AE score was 2,5 times greater compared to the PA group (131 vs 50). Correction and preventive effects of the combined treatment on the clinically severe symptoms of EPD (akathisia, muscle dystonia) were more frequent in patients treated with typical neuroleptics. A less amount of THP (by 1,2 times) was used to stop EPD in the PA group.
PA in the combination with THP has demonstrated the clear neuroprotective effect on the development, frequency and clinical presentations of neurological side-effects. The РА can be recommended as a drug of choice for correction and prevention of neuroleptic side-effects, it promotes their tolerability and improves quality of life during the course treatment.
An IR-spectroscopy method is used to examine the state of nonane diluted bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid (HR) in the presence of various electron-donor additives (L). Trioctyl amine ...(TOA), n-octanol, trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), tributylphosphate (TBP), and triisobutylphosphine sulfide (TIBPS) were used as additives. The formation of hydrogen bonded complexes (H-complexes) via proton transfer and a TOAH
+
R
−
ion pair was shown to occur in the system containing HR and TOA. For the other additives, except n-octanol, during the formation of the H-complexes, hydrogen bonding without proton transfer takes place. In the HR and n-octanol mixture H-complexes having a structure in which the acid exhibits both proton and electron-donor properties are formed. The concentrations of the monomers (C
HR
) and the activity coefficients for the dithiophosphinic acid (γ
HR(tot)
) in the presence of the additives were calculated. It was shown that C
HR
and γ
HR(tot)
depend essentially on the type of additive and that their values decrease when passing from n-octanol to TOA. The strength of the interaction between HR and L decreases in the series TOA > TOPO > TBP > TIBPS > n-octanol. This series coincides with the basicity series of the additives. An antagonistic effect takes place when zinc is extracted with the HR and L mixture, where L is the trialkyl amine (TAA), the trialkyl phosphine oxide (TAPO), TBP, and n-octanol. A decrease in extraction is observed in the series TAA > TAPO > TBP > n-octanol. This series coincides with the series for decreasing HR activity in the presence of additives. Thus a decrease in the extractant activity resulting from the interaction between HR and L is the determinant factor during zinc extraction with bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid in the presence of the electron-donor additives.
Objectives.
To identify the clinical and pathopsychological features of juvenile depression with attenuated schizophrenia spectrum symptoms, as well as their value for early differential diagnostic ...and nosological assessment.
Materials and methods.
The study group consisted of 20 patients of juvenile age (19.7 ± 3.7 years) with first depressive episodes with attenuated schizophrenia spectrum symptoms (ASSS) (ICD-10 F32.1, F32.2, F32.3), who were divided into two subgroups: subgroup 1 had attenuated positive symptoms (APS) (19.3%) and subgroup 2 had attenuated negative symptoms (ANS) (45.1%). The comparison group consisted of 11 patients (mean age 19.4 ± 2.9 years) with depression without ASSS (F32.1, F32.2). The psychometric scales HDRS, SOPS, and SANS were used, along with pathopsychological methods and the Adult Personality Traits Questionnaire (APTQ).
Results and conclusions.
There was no significant between-group difference in the severity of depressive disorder. Patients with depression with ASSS, as compared with the comparison group, showed higher total scores on the SOPS (
p
= 0.006) and greater severity of negative disorders on the SANS (
p
= 0.006). Distortion of the generalization process was found in 60.0% of cases, impairments to immediate memory were found in 30.0% of patients, and associations were non-constructive in nature in 10.0% of patients. Indirect data showing that patients of the control group had higher levels of emotional integrity were obtained. These differences suggest that the pathogenesis of depression with ASSS involves not only an afferent mechanism, but also the endogenous schizophrenic process, while ASSS itself may be a reflection of the early stage of schizophrenia or markers for the risk of developing it.
Calculations of the technical and economic effect from the use of thermal and electroosmosis-based drying methods in relation to agricultural production have been carried out according to the ...developed algorithms. For this purpose, the study compares oven drying (OD) (drying box SNOL 3.5´3.5 for EM 0,25-2,2 kW, drying box with heaters 10 kV for EM 3-55 kW), electrodynamic drying (ED) (three-phase transformer for device power supply TTD-2,5, transformer TD-102), electroosmotic drying (EOD device), convective drying (CD) (CD device), convective-electroosmotic drying (CED) (CED device). EOD is free from shortcomings being characteristic of heat drying methods; since it does not require disassembly and dismantling of the electric motors at the workplace, increased power consumption and does not contribute to thermal degradation of the insulation. Based on the electroosmotic method of drying, electroosmothermal and convective-electroosmotic drying have been developed. The economic effect from the introduction of the developed devices for electroosmotic drying is ensured by increasing labor productivity by 1.5-11.4 times, saving electricity by 80-1,230 times, depending on the power of the ED, and also increasing the durability of insulation by reducing destruction to zero (electroosmotic drying and moisture protection) or reducing it by 10 times (convective-electroosmotic drying).
The paper presents data on nickel(II) extraction from sulphate solutions with nonane-diluted bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)dithiophosphinic acid (HR). An IR spectroscopy method is used to examine the ...state of HR in nonane, and it was shown to exist as a monomer up to a concentration of 0.1 M. With a further increase in concentration, the acid forms associated species. The value of the concentration of the monomeric form is determined as a function of the total HR concentration in nonane in the range of 0.0-1.0 M. Based on the comparative analysis of the extraction equilibrium data together with information from the visible and IR absorption spectra of the nickel extract, the configuration of the nickel(II) complex in the organic phase was determined to be a low-spin, square-planar complex. The complex composition was found to correspond to the formula NiR
2
. The complex is hydrated, with the water very likely being bonded in the outer coordination sphere.
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