Interactions between earwigs and entomopathogens, such as
Bacillus thuringiensis
(Bt), are still poorly understood. This study tested whether Bt-based bioinsecticides have any effect on the predation ...of
Euborellia annulipes
(Lucas) (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae) on
Plutella xylostella
(L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), one of the pests with the largest number of cases of use and resistance to Bt. Fourth instar larvae were Bt infected by feeding on collard green leaves treated with Dipel®WG and XenTari®WG at the manufacturer-recommended doses. We used one no-choice condition, in which the predator had access to uninfected or Bt-infected larvae separately, and four free-choice conditions: uninfected vs Dipel®-infected larvae, uninfected vs XenTari®-infected larvae, Dipel®-infected vs XenTari®-infected larvae, and uninfected vs Bt-infected larvae with both bioinsecticides. Uninfected larvae were less consumed than those infected by both Bt-bioinsecticides in the no-choice condition. There was a higher consumption of uninfected over Dipel®-infected larvae in the free-choice condition. Overall, uninfected larvae were preferred over both Bt-based bioinsecticides infected larvae. We also used six different prey densities. The ringlegged earwig’s predation rate enhanced as the prey population density increased, but the functional response was not affected by Bt-infection, being type II. The predator invested a low amount of handling time on Bt-fed prey and increased the maximum predation rate. Bt-based bioinsecticides cause effects on
E. annulipes
predation by altering their feeding preference and some aspects of its predatory behavior. The results of our study provide an important background for understanding interactions between earwigs and Bt. In addition, they can be used for decision making during approaches to integrated
P. xylostella
management.
As manifestações clínicas do portador de paralisia facial Murta, Marina Gabriela Magalhães Barbosa; De Sá, Ana Karine Laranjeira; Carvalho, Valdirene Pereira da Silva ...
Brazilian Journal of Development,
02/2023, Volume:
9, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Open access
Introdução: A paralisia facial e um sintoma de um transtorno de base resultante em imobilidade e incapacidade de executar a mímica facial e a expressão emotiva. São várias as etiologias deste ...acometimento, sendo a classificação em paralisia facial periférica, representada classicamente pela paralisia de Bell e a central, pelo acidente vascular encefálico, adotada para auxiliar na investigação e seguimento clínico adequado. Objetivo: Descrever sobre a paralisia facial, com foco em características clínicas que propiciem ao diagnóstico precoce, medidas terapêuticas e restauração imediata. Metodologia: Revisão narrativa que selecionou artigos disponibilizados na íntegra publicados no recorte temporal de 2008 até 2022. Resultados: Dos 10 artigos incluídos neste estudo, todos realizaram uma ampla análise sobre a temática, a qual propiciou a disseminação de informações atualizadas sobre conceito, diagnóstico diferencial entre duas condições clínicas opostas resultantes em paralisia facial, manifestações, avaliação clínica e manejo adequado. Conclusão: Estudos ainda urgem em ser feitos no intuito de orientar melhor os profissionais e a comunidade a respeito da paralisia facial e a importância que possui o acompanhamento e seguimento precoce. Destarte, é
The expansion of agricultural frontiers has increased the use of sandy soils as cropping areas; however, the water‐retention capacity (WRC) of the soil is a crucial factor. Thus, fast and accurate ...methodologies, such as spectroscopy, have gained importance to identify physical‐hydric and other attributes related to the WRC. Some theories indicate the micromorphometry of particles is an important factor in sandy soils. This study (I) investigated the WRC of sandy soils from distinct geologic formations and the influence of particle micromorphometry on the WRC; (II) evaluated the sensitivity of Vis–NIR and MIR spectra to characterise physical‐hydric attributes and particle micromorphometry; and (III) quantified physical‐hydric attributes of sandy soils from their physical attributes, particle micromorphometric indices, and the visible‐near infrared‐mid infrared (Vis–NIR‐MIR) spectra. We determined the values of field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP), available water (AW), clay, sand, silt, sand fractions, and OM as well as the micromorphometric indices and Vis–NIR and MIR reflectance of 29 sandy soil profiles. Soil attributes were correlated with each other and with the Vis–NIR and MIR spectra to understand their relationship with the WRC. The correlation and the principal component analyses (PCA) were performed to understand the relationship between Vis–NIR and MIR spectra and sand grain micromorphometry. Mathematical models were developed to estimate FC, PWP, and AW using soil attributes, micromorphometry, Vis–NIR, and MIR as predictor variables. Roughness of sand particle greatly influenced the WRC of sandy soils. The MIR region showed high sensitivity to identify different WRC patterns and particle micromorphometry in sandy soils. The Vis–NIR and MIR spectra presented high accuracy to predict FC and PWP of sandy soils. The mathematical models that used soil attributes + micromorphometry presented excellent calibration parameters; however, they did not show accuracy in the validation set.
Highlights
The influence of particle roughness on water retention of sandy soils was proven.
Roughness had a greater influence on water retention than texture proportions for highly sandy soils.
MIR spectra correlate strongly with the roughness of the very fine sand fraction.
MIR spectra and roughness can estimate sandy soils water retention with high accuracy.
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•Euborellia annulipes consumes both eggs and neonate larvae of Diatraea saccharalis.•E. annulipes prefers neonate larvae over eggs as prey.•The functional response of females E. ...annulipes changes with prey life stage and density.•Later nymphal stages of E. annulipes and adult females exhibited the highest predation rates.
Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is a key sugarcane pest in South America. The prohibition of crop burning and soil conservation programs have allowed several natural enemies of sugarcane borer to increase population their densities. The earwig Euborellia annulipes (Lucas) (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae) is a generalist predator often found in sugarcane fields that will prey on eggs and larvae of D. saccharalis. This study used choice and no-choice tests to assess consumption of D. saccharalis eggs and neonate larvae by different earwig life stages in a 12 h period. The mean predation rates of E. annulipes nymphs and adults were estimated and their relative preference for eggs versus neonate larvae was analyzed by Manly’s preference index. The functional responses of fourth and fifth instar nymphs and male and female adults were evaluated over 24 h. The mean predation rate was highest on neonate larvae, and this life stage preferred the most preferred (ß = 0.98). Fourth and fifth instars and adults consumed more prey (both eggs and larvae) than earlier life stages, and their functional responses varied with life stage of both predator and prey. Females exhibited a type III response when preying on neonate larvae, which had the shortest handling time. All life stages of E. annulipes consumed both eggs and larvae, preferring the D. saccharalis neonate larvae.
The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the main pest of brassica crops worldwide. The ringlegged earwig, Euborellia annulipes (Lucas) (Dermaptera: ...Anisolabididae), has been reported as a potential predator of lepidopteran larvae, including this pest, and may therefore be used for biological control. Knowledge about predator–prey interactions is important to establish pest management strategies. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of the developmental stage (larva and pupa) and density of P. xylostella on the preference and functional response of E. annulipes adult females. We used choice and no‐choice tests to evaluate the foraging behavior and preference of E. annulipes on DBM life stages and varied prey density to assess the type of functional response of the ringlegged earwig. Larvae were preferred over pupae, and the predator’s functional response was type II for both prey stages. Our results report the potential of E. annulipes as a biocontrol agent of P. xylostella. Understanding their interactions may help in decision‐making and optimization of integrated management strategies.
Diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is the main pest of Brassica spp. The earwig Euborellia annulipes (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae) is a predator of lepidopteran pests. We evaluated the predator–prey interactions of E. annulipes and P. xylostella. Diamondback moth larvae were preferred over pupae, and the predator’s functional response is type II. These results suggest that this predator has potential as a biocontrol agent of DBM.
Temperature mediates trophic interactions, including relationships between insect pests and predators, and functional response studies are often used to determine the suitability of predators as ...biocontrol agents. We investigated the effects of temperature on the functional response of Euborellia annulipes (Lucas) (Dermaptera: Anisolabididae) preying on Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) larvae. Predation rate, type of functional response, attack rate (a'), handling time (Th), and maximum predation rate (T/Th) of the predator were estimated using seven prey densities and three thermal conditions. The functional response of E. annulipes to P. xylostella was temperature-dependent, type III under the lower temperatur (18°C and 25 °C) , and type II at 32 °C. We observed increasing values of a’ in 25 °C and 32 °C, decreasing values of Th and highest T/Th as the thermal condition increased. Our findings suggest that E. annulipes could be effective to control P. xylostella under different thermal conditions, however its predation behavior changes according to temperature variation.
•The ringlegged earwig Euborellia annulipes is a predator of Plutella xylostella.•Functional response describes the potential of a predator as biocontrol agent.•Thermal conditions mediate trophic interactions between predators and preys.•Temperature changes functional response of E. annulipes on P. xylostella larvae.
Abstract The objective of this work was to determine pedotransfer functions to predict water retention at the -33 and -1500 kPa matric potentials of soils under Cerrado, in the south of the state of ...Mato Grosso, Brazil. Samples (n=156) were collected for model calibration (n=124) and validation (n=32). A stepwise multiple regression was used to determine pedotransfer functions. Willmott’s index of agreement, root-mean-square error, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and the confidence index were used to evaluate the performance of the functions and to compare them with those described in the literature. The most efficient variables to estimate water retention were: microporosity, total sand, and clay at -33 kPa; and total sand, silt and clay at -1500 kPa. The regional pedotransfer functions explained more than 94% of water retention variance in the studied soils. The reliability of the functions to predict water retention increased, at -33 kPa, with the use of the structural property microporosity and, at -1500 kPa, with the use of granulometric parameters. The studied regional pedotransfer functions predict water retention at the -33 and -1500 kPa matric potentials of soils under Cerrado, in southern Mato Grosso, better than the functions described in the literature.
Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar funções de pedotransferência para a predição da retenção de água nos potenciais matriciais -33 e -1500 kPa, em solos sob Cerrado, no sul do estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil. Amostras (n=156) foram coletadas para a calibração (n=124) e validação (n=32) dos modelos. Utilizou-se uma regressão múltipla passo a passo, para determinar as funções de pedotransferência. Utilizaram-se o índice de concordância de Willmott, a raiz do erro quadrático médio, o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson e o índice de confiança, para avaliar o desempenho das funções e compará-las com as descritas na literatura. As variáveis mais eficientes para estimar a retenção de água foram: microporosidade, areia total e argila a -33 kPa; e areia total, silte e argila a -1500 kPa. As funções de pedotransferência regionais explicaram mais de 94% da variância da retenção de água nos solos estudados. A confiabilidade da predição da retenção de água, -33 kPa, aumentou com o uso da propriedade estrutural microporosidade e, a -1500 kPa, com o uso de parâmetros granulométricos. Funções de pedotransferência regionais predizem melhor a retenção de água nos potenciais matriciais -33 e -1500 kPa, em solos sob Cerrado, no sul de Mato Grosso, do que as funções descritas na literatura.
Plutella xylostella
, is the main pest infesting
Brassica
crops, and products based on
Bacillus thuringiensis
(Bt) are frequently used in strategies for its biocontrol. The present study aimed to ...evaluate whether a Bt-based bioinsecticide affects the predation behavior of
Ceraeochrysa cincta
when preying on
P. xylostella
. Three larval instars of the predator and the eggs and second-instar larvae of the moth were used, with the prey either untreated or treated with a Bt-based product (Xentari®). Results showed that, the first larval instar of
C. cincta
presented a type II functional response when preying upon untreated eggs, and a type III response when preying upon Bt-treated eggs, while the second and third instars presented type II and III responses, respectively, in both situations. The predator’s first and third larval instars presented a type II functional response when preying upon untreated larvae and a type III response when preying upon Bt-treated larvae. However, the predator’s second-instar larvae showed a type II response in both treatments. The results obtained allowed us to conclude that the Bt-based insecticide tested affects the predation behavior of the first-instar larvae of
C. cincta
on eggs and of both the first- and third-instar larvae of this predator on
P. xylostella
larvae.
Objetivou-se determinar a eficiência e qualidade de atrativos alimentares na captura de Ceratitis capitata. Avaliou-se a eficiência de dois atrativos alimentares comerciais o Bio Anastrepha® e o ...CeraTrap® nas formas líquida e semissólida. O delineamento experimental usado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial (5 x 6 x 2 x 4) sendo: cinco (quatro atrativos + testemunha de água destilada), seis períodos de exposição dos atrativos no ambiente, dois sexos (adultos fêmeas e machos de C. capitata) distribuídos em quatro blocos. Os atrativos foram dispostos no ambiente telado em armadilhas do tipo frasco caça-mosca, onde foram liberados 300 adultos de C. capitata a cada período de exposição. Avaliou-se a atratividade (nº de insetos capturados) e qualidade das iscas alimentares (pH, proteína bruta %, conteúdo evaporado). Os atrativos líquidos capturaram mais C. capitata do que os semissólidos. A maior atratividade ao longo dos seis períodos de exposição foi do atrativo CeraTrap® liquida e a captura de insetos fêmeas foi maior em relação aos machos. O atrativo líquido CeraTrap® é o mais indicado para captura desse díptero.
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