The Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) enables analysis and comparison of farms business data, and the dairy sector has been selected because of its great importance in the European Union (EU). ...This paper analyses the economic characteristics of Croatian dairy farms divided into three types (based on herd size), in the period from the year 2014 to 2018. While the number of smaller farms is declining, there is a slight increase in the largest farm type. The amount of milk produced per farm is also growing, but it is still significantly lower than the European average. According to the realized net value added per unit of labour, small and medium-sized dairy farms are below, while large ones are above the European average. The share of direct payments in net value added is higher for all farm types compared to the European average. Relatively low milk yield and selling price, with high operating costs results in lower net production margins and affects the lower competitiveness of smaller farms with lower yields. According to the results of the FADN analysis, the largest Croatian dairy farms Type 3 (with 50 or more cows in the herd) are fully competitive to European farms in terms of economic results. The problem of Croatian dairy farming is that there are only few competitive farms, so different agricultural and rural development measures should support the empowerment of smaller farms, as well as strengthen the competitiveness of the whole dairy sector.
U strukturi poljoprivredne proizvodnje Republike Hrvatske prevladava biljna proizvodnja. Bez provođenja neke od mjera zaštite gubitci potencijalnog prinosa na svjetskoj razini bili bi oko 50%. ...Poljoprivreda EU se još uvijek uvelike oslanja na upotrebu pesticida za zaštitu bilja a prosječni specifični troškovi biljne proizvodnje (u koje spada i trošak biljne zaštite) čine 41,5% ukupnog troška proizvodnje u EU-28. Primjenom standardnih rezultata FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) sustava analizirani su podaci 9 tipova biljne proizvodnje RH u razdoblju od 2017. do 2019. godine. Tip povrćarstvo, cvjećarstvo i ukrasno bilje koristi najviše jedinica rada te ujedno ima najviše ukupne prihode, ukupne troškove i troškove biljne proizvodnje. Najviši trošak biljne zaštite zabilježen je kod uzgoja različitih usjeva na oranicama, dok je najniži kod tipa maslinarstvo, što je u skladu i s europskim podacima. Ipak, kada se gleda udio troška biljne zaštite u ukupnim troškovima proizvodnje izdvaja se tip voćarstvo, što je i očekivano jer suvremeni voćarski nasadi zahtijevaju velika ulaganja u zaštitu od mraza i tuče uz standardnu biljnu zaštitu. Ako se gleda udio troška biljne zaštite u ukupnom prihodu on je opet najviši kod voćarskih gospodarstava koja ujedno ostvaruju i najmanje ukupne prihode od analiziranih tipova, a najniži je kod maslinarskog tipa.
In the structure of agricultural production in the Republic of Croatia, plant production is predominant. Without the implementation of some crop protection measures, the losses of potential yield at the world level would amount to around 50%. EU agriculture is still heavily reliant on the use of pesticides for crop protection, and the average specific costs of crop production (including the cost of crop protection) amounts up to 41.5% of the total cost in the EU-28. Using the standard results of the FADN (Farm Accountancy Data Network) system, the data of 9 types of plant production in the Republic of Croatia were analyzed in the period from 2017 to 2019. The type of specialist horticulture uses the most labor units and at the same time has the highest total outputs, total costs and plant production costs. The highest cost of plant protection was recorded for mixed crops, while the lowest was for olives growing, which is also in line with European data. However, when looking at the share of the cost of plant protection in the total production cost, the type of specialist orchards-fruits is leading, which is expected, because modern fruit plantations require large investments in protection against frost, hail, and standard plant protection. If we look at the share of the cost of plant protection in the total outputs, it is again the highest for specialist orchards-fruits, which at the same time generate the lowest total outputs of the analyzed types, and the lowest in the specialist olives growing type.
Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) was established in the EU in 1965 and now it is obligated for all member states of the EU. The system is based on an annual collection of production, economic and ...financial data from a representative sample of comercial farms, classified into groups according to the criteria of economic farm size, type of agricultural production and regional affiliation. Research made by FADN system represent the European Commission instrument for evaluating the income of agricultural producers and determining the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU on their business. In this paper the comparison is made between production and economic indicators of different types of agricultural holdings (field crops; horticulture crops; permanent crops, orchards and olive yards; dairy farms; grazing livestock; pig and poultry farms and mixed farms). On the basis of Standard Results for the year 2014 it is possible to conclude that in Croatia field crops and grazing livestock farms lead by their utilized agricultural area. Pig and poultry farming have the most livestock units, while the most working hours is spent in the cultivation of vegetables and flowers. The highest values of labor productivity have holdings that are engaged in the production of vegetables and flowers, while the lowest labor productivity have grazing livestock farms. Cost-effectiveness of all types of farms exceeding a value of 1. The highest value of the gross income is achieved at pig and poultry farms, while the smallest has a mixed type of farms. The average farm direct payments account for a high 44% in the net income, and the largest share of direct payments in the net income has field crop type of farms.
Hrvatska je najmlađa članica europske Mreže računovodstvenih podataka o poljoprivredi (FADN). Ovo je prvo istraživanje kojim se ocjenjuje ustroj i funkcioniranje nacionalnoga FADN sustava, temeljeno ...na intervjuima i anketama s uključenim osobljem i na analizi dokumentacije. Tri ključna elementa FADN sustava su Nacionalni odbor za FADN, Ministarstvo poljoprivrede kao Agencija za vezu (LA) i Hrvatski zavod za statistiku. Sve aktivnosti FADN istraživanja provodi LA, a glavni je teret prikupljanja podataka na prikupljačima podataka i gospodarstvima. Sustav djeluje u skladu s nadležnim zakonodavstvom EU‐a i njegov je glavni cilj ispunjavanje obveza prema mreži FADN. Podatci koje ovaj sustav prikuplja i objavljuje još se gotovo i ne koriste u druge svrhe. Ostale koristi, poput analize mjera ZPP-a i tako dalje, još nisu iskorištene. Glavni izazovi za jačanje i povećanje koristi od FADN-a su razvoj sustava osiguranja kvalitete, motiviranje skupljača i farmi za sudjelovanje, promocija i širenje uporabe podataka te prilagodba očekivanoj transformaciji FADN-a u mrežu podataka o održivosti gospodarstava. Glavni preduvjeti za uspješno suočavanje sustava s uočenim izazovima su jačanje kapaciteta za prikupljanje i analizu podataka te djelotvoran sustav osiguranja kvalitete u FADN istraživanju.
Economic results of Croatian farms Očić, Vesna; Bobić, Branka Šakić; Njavro, Mario
APSTRACT: Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce,
03/2016, Volume:
10, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The objective of the paper is to provide an overview of the situation and performance of Croatian farms. Croatian farmers rarely keep business books and therefore farm level business data are ...deficient. Croatian accession to the European Union in 2013 brought numerous innovations to agricultural sector. One is introduction of Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) which aims to determine the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy on national agriculture of EU member states. The sample of Croatian FADN comprises 1,250 commercial farms. The paper brings results of agricultural sector financial analysis for the period 2011-2013. Total farm output decreased, but since the stronger decrease trend occurred in total inputs, this led to positive trend of gross and net farm income in the year 2013. Positive results are also shown at efficiency and productivity of Croatian farms. In the years 2011 and 2012 farms operated below the efficiency level while in 2013 efficiency increased above the efficiency level. In the observed period there was a 70% increase in productivity. The analysis shows that the most efficient farms are those in vegetables and flowers type. It also has the highest debt ratio due to their capital intensiveness. The vegetable and floriculture farms have the largest gross farm income in all three analysed years, but with a large drop in 2013, while the farms in type pigs and poultry have largest increase of gross farm income in last observed year.
Establishment of FADN in Croatia enabled the assessment of the importance of subsidies for the agricultural producer’s income. Low and variable farm income has been a main rationale for heavy ...government intervention in agricultural markets and income transfers to farmers. According to the analysed data subsidies have the greatest importance for the types such as grazing livestock and dairy farms, while the least dependent on subsidies are horticultural crops. The smallest share of the subsidies in gross farm output has the largest holdings (>500,000 EUR) and the smallest (4,000-8,000 EUR), and the largest one has an economic size of 50,000-500,000 EUR.). The share of subsidies in the total output is the same in both the Adriatic and Continental regions and does not depend on the age of the farm holder. Since Croatian farms are heavily dependent on subsidies, and in the light of the announced changes in the new Common Agricultural Policy (2021-2027), it is possible to expect a reduction of gross farm income, where the most vulnerable types are cattle, sheep and goat.
The different sectors of the livestock industry play an important role in meeting the increasing demand for animal products in both Hungary and Croatia. The general objective of this study was to ...investigate and compare the efficiency of the livestock sectors in Croatia and Hungary using the Data Envelopment Analysis method. In this paper, the technical efficiency of the dairy, beef, broiler, sheep and goat, and pig sectors from 2014 to 2017 is investigated based on the Farm Accountancy Data Network database. This paper compared farms of different size classes based on the Standard Production Value for more detailed insights. Among the five main livestock sectors, Hungary performs better in terms of farm technical efficiency in the dairy and beef sectors, while Croatia has higher efficiency scores in the sheep sector. The performances in the pig and broiler sectors are almost the same in both countries. Moreover, in the Hungarian poultry, pig, sheep and goat sectors and the Croatian dairy, beef and pig sectors, the technical efficiency of small-sized farms is better than that of medium-sized farms.
In the Republic of Croatia declining trend in the number of milk suppliers is registered, (69.3 % decline in the year 2010 compared to the 2002). Since the EU expects to abolish production quotas in ...the future (after the years 2014/2015), and reduce different protections for milk producers, there will be a decrease in the price of European milk. According to some predictions price will decrease for 5-15 % in the most of the EU countries, and this will be subsequently reflected in the Republic of Croatia. Mentioned facts will force milk producers to maximize business rationalization. At dairy farm, the highest cost is for animal feed, it is an ideal starting point for the implementation of business rationalization procedures. Previous studies show that the production of own animal feed can reduce the feeding cost by 30-50 %, compared to purchased fodder. Therefore, this study seeks to determine the effect of different forage courses on dairy farm profitability and cost of milk per kg. To create a technological-economic model, which is used to calculate basic economic and technological parameters for the three types of commercial farms in Croatia, data from 210 farms from the Pannonian regions of Croatia was used. The existing forage feeding line and four recommended by experts (technologists) were taken into consideration. The results were used as input data for AHP multi-criteria analysis, which rankes feeding line. According to the overall feeding lines priorities for all three types of dairy farms, the rank will start with feeding line 3, which consists of a mixture of peas and grains, corn silage, barley, Italian ryegrass and DTS, while the worst option is existing feeding line.
The areas under aromatic, herb and medicinal plants in Croatia are constantly increasing, and natural geographical conditions are extremely favorable for organic cultivation of medicinal plants in ...all parts of the Croatia. Chamomile has a great economic value in worldwide medicinal plants trade and it is one of the most important medicinal crops. Harvested in May and early June, optimally when 70% of flower heads are physiologically mature. To reduce the cost of harvesting, it is mostly carried out by special combine harvester with a large capacity. This paper analyzes the impact of the working speed of towed pickers and combine harvesters (combine harvester Deutz-Fahr M 1322, combine harvester Zmaj 142 RM, towed pickers Herbas KVH-2000 powered with tractors John Deere 6300 and Torpedo 4806) on the effect and quality of chamomile harvesting. It was found that the best results are achieved at working speeds of 3 to 3.7 km/h, and combine harvesters have higher income per hour of work compared to towed pickers. The best-ranked working machine is Zmaj 142 RM combine, which earns 60% more revenue per hour than a towed picker powered with both analyzed tractors.
Croatia is the newest member of the EU Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN). So far, no comprehensive evaluation of the national FADN system has been conducted, and this study based on a survey of ...staff involved and a desktop analysis was conducted to fill this gap. The three main elements of the Croatian FADN system are the National FADN Committee, the Ministry of Agriculture as Liaison Agency (LA) and the Croatian Bureau for statistics. All FADN survey activities are carried out by LA and the main burden of data collection lies with the data collectors and the farms. The system operates in accordance with relevant EU legislation and currently its main objective appears to be the fulfilment of its obligations to the FADN network. Other benefits like analysis of CAP measures etc. are not yet exploited. The main challenges are further development of quality assurance systems, the motivation of staff and farms to participate, the increased use of FADN data, and the expected changes in transformation of the FADN into the sustainability data network (FSDN). Croatia will successfully meet these challenges if it strengthens its capacity for FADN research and data analysis and establishes an effective quality assurance system.
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