Valproate is a common antiepileptic drug whose adverse effects include liver steatosis and dyslipidaemia. The aim of our study was to see how natural flavonoid antioxidant naringin would interact ...with valproate and attenuate these adverse effects. For this reason we treated male C57BL6 mice with a combination of 150 mg/kg of valproate and 25 mg/kg naringin every day for 10 days and compared their serum triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, VLDL, and liver PPAR-alpha, PGC-1 alpha, ACOX1, Nrf2, SOD, CAT, GSH, and histological signs of steatosis. Valproate increased lipid peroxidation parameters and caused pronounced microvesicular steatosis throughout the hepatic lobule in all acinar zones, but naringin co-administration limited steatosis to the lobule periphery. In addition, it nearly restored total serum cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides and liver ACOX1 and MDA to control levels. and upregulated PPAR-alpha and PGC-1 alpha, otherwise severely downregulated by valproate. It also increased SOD activity. All these findings suggest that naringin modulates key lipid metabolism regulators and should further be investigated in this model, either alone or combined with other lipid regulating drugs or molecules.
The study examined the antioxidative physiological effects of phenolics from an ethanol-water extract of blackthorn flowers orally administrated to C57/BL6 mice for 28 days in daily doses of 25 mg of ...total phenolics/kg body weight. Contents of phenolics in the intestine, liver, and kidneys collected after 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of extract administration were analyzed by UPLC-MS/MS method. In the same tissues, the antioxidative properties were determined as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ABTS•+ scavenging activity, content of reduced glutathione (GSH), and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). The lipid peroxidation in tissues was also evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assay. The exposed mice (compared to the control ones) had a lower content of TBARS in all tissues mostly on the third/fourth week of daily consumption. SOD activity and GSH content increased on the 28th day in tissues. CAT activity was higher only in the liver after one week of consumption but remained unchanged in other organs throughout the experiment. Phenolic profiles were different in individual tissues. The most prominent increases compared to the control were determined for contents of 3- O -feruloylquinic acid, 4- O-p -coumaroylqiunic acid, kaempferol pentoside, and quercetin rhamnoside in the intestine; for ferulic acid and quercetin 3- O -rutinoside in the liver; and for quercetin 3- O -rutinoside, ferulic acid, and 4- O-p -coumaroylquinic acid in the kidneys. The screened phenolics with different distribution in tissues could be responsible for slight differences in the recorded antioxidative effects.
Valproat je najčešće korišten antiepileptik, čiji štetni učinci uključuju masnu jetru (steatozu) i dislipidemiju. Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi kako će prirodni flavonoid i antioksidans naringin ...u interakciji s valproatom ublažiti navedene štetne učinke. Mužjaci miševa C57BL/6 bili su svakodnevno tijekom 10 dana izloženi valproatu u dozi od 150 mg/kg i naringinu u dozi od 25 mg/kg te njihovim međusobnim kombinacijama u istim dozama. Nakon pokusnog razdoblja usporedili smo razinu serumskih triglicerida, kolesterola, LDL, HDL i VLDL, jetrene markere PPAR-alfa, PGC-1 alfa, ACOX1 i Nrf2 te antioksidacijske markere SOD, CAT i GSH u jetri. Svaka je jetra analizirana histološki. Valproat je povećao parametre peroksidacije lipida i izazvao izraženu mikrovezikularnu steatozu u cijelom jetrenom lobulu u svim acinarnim zonama, ali je istodobna primjena naringina ograničila steatozu na periferiju lobula. Osim toga, naringin je uspostavio normalnu ravnotežu serumskoga kolesterola, LDL i triglicerida te jetrenih markera PPAR-alfa i PGC-1 alfa, ACOX1 i MDA. Također je povećao aktivnost SOD-a. Svi ovi nalazi upućuju na to da naringin modulira ključne regulatore metabolizma lipida i da ga treba dalje istražiti u ovome modelu, bilo samog ili u kombinaciji s drugim lijekovima ili molekulama za regulaciju lipida.
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