There are currently 319 precipitation stations in Slovenia, but their density decreases with altitude. In mountainous areas, where the amount of precipitation is the highest and precipitation ...gradients are also the greatest, there are very few precipitation stations to be found. Consequently, our knowledge of precipitation conditions is poorer precisely in the areas where processes are most intensive, and this leads to a poorer understanding of the water cycle and its effects. This paper examines differences in precipitation amounts and consequent vertical precipitation gradients along selected Alpine valleys in northwestern Slovenia. Precipitation gradients were calculated based on multi-year measurements of precipitation in the summer season. Measurements were taken in the valleys of Beli Potok, Krnica, and Planica in the Julian Alps. The results confirmed assumptions that the amount of precipitation along valleys increases with altitude. Precipitation gradients were significantly large and differed substantially among the valleys despite their proximity to one another. Annual vertical precipitation gradients in some cases exceeded 300 mm/100 m.
The snow line for the same precipitation event in alpine valleys can vary greatly from valley to valley, even when the valleys are close together. Often this is not due to a difference in air mass, ...but to a different interaction of topography and topography-related meteorological conditions. By knowing the causes of a lowered snow line, we can better understand the differences in snow cover in alpine valleys at the same elevation over short distances or the differences in snow cover between alpine valleys and areas outside the valleys. As different types of lowered snow line respond differently to climate change, we can also understand future changes in snow conditions in alpine valleys. To better understand the process, we observed the temperature conditions during winter precipitation events on the territory of Eastern Julian Alps (Slovenia) over a period of two years, focusing on the height of the zero isotherm. Depending on atmospheric conditions, especially changes in the temperature profile and precipitation intensity during precipitation events, five causes of lowered snow line have been identified. These types can occur individually, but during multi-day snowfall events they occur frequently or in combination.
Spomladi 2015 so predstavniki Alumni kluba geografov Univerze v Ljubljani, Komisije za hidrogeografi jo Zveze geografov Slovenije in Občine Miren predstavili »Strokovne zasnove ureditve vodnega in ...obvodnega prostora ob reki Vipavi na območju občine Miren-Kostanjevica«. Dokument, ki je nastal na podlagi dveh delavnic z domačini ter terenskega druženja geografov, išče nove razvojne priložnosti ob vse bolj čisti Vipavi in nove možnosti za čezmejno sodelovanje.
V prispevku je predstavljena podnebna tipizacije Slovenije za klimatološko obdobje 1991–2020. Izhodišče za členitev je bila Köppen-Geigerjeva klasifikacija, ki pa je pregroba za prikaz vseh podnebnih ...specifik Slovenije. Z upoštevanjem dodatnih temperaturnih in padavinskih kriterijev smo slovensko podnebje razčlenili na štiri osnovne tipe z devetimi podtipi: zmerno sredozemsko (obalno in zaledno), zmerno celinsko (severovzhodne, vzhodne in jugovzhodne ter osrednje Slovenije), gorsko (višjega in nižjega gorskega sveta) in podgorsko podnebje (zelo vlažno in vlažno).
Temperaturne razmere v mraziščih Komne Svetlin, Domen; Sinjur, Iztok; Ogrin, Matej
Dela (Univerza v Ljubljani. Oddelek za geografijo),
12/2023
60
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Raznoliko površje gorskih pokrajin omogoča pestro topoklimo in velike gradiente meteoroloških in klimatoloških elementov, med katere uvrščamo tudi temperaturo zraka. Mrazišča gorskega sveta kažejo ...zaostrene temperaturne razmere s povečanimi amplitudami, zlasti zaradi izstopajočih najnižjih temperatur. Po letu 2004 je raziskovanje mrazišč v Sloveniji dobilo nov zagon, pretekle raziskave, ki so bile osredotočene zlasti na rastne pogoje, so dobile nadgradnjo na klimatološkem področju. Neprekinjene meritve v več mraziščih, ki so jih izvajali različni raziskovalci v okviru Slovenskega meteorološkega foruma, so privedle do obsežne količine podatkov in spoznanj o temperaturnih razmerah v mraziščih, ki jih podrobneje predstavljamo v tem prispevku. Poleg novih najnižjih izmerjenih temperatur v Sloveniji se je izkazalo, da so, glede na neposredno okolico, letne povprečne temperature sredogorskih mrazišč nižje do 3 °C, povprečne najnižje pa do 7 °C. Temperature pod −30 °C se v Sloveniji v zadnjih desetletjih pojavljajo izključno v mraziščih, v sredogorju to velja tudi za temperature pod −20 °C. Najvišje temperature v mraziščih pa so zelo podobne tistim izven njih, lahko so celo nekoliko višje.
In this study, air temperature and precipitation seasonality and their correlation with large-scale atmospheric circulations over the Sava River Basin (SRB), i.e., over the areas of Slovenia, ...Croatia, and Serbia, are analyzed. We used daily air temperature and precipitation measurements from 12 meteorological stations for the period from 1981 to 2010. In addition, mean (Ta), maximum (Tmax), and minimum (Tmin) daily temperatures and daily precipitation (P) were included in the analysis. Temperature values were correlated with atmospheric circulation patterns (ACPs), i.e., daily indices Arctic Oscillation (AO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and Mediterranean Oscillation (MO) for the same study period. The daily air temperature and precipitation data were obtained from European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D). The results generally show increasing trends in air temperatures, mainly during the spring and summer seasons, but also non-significant trends for precipitation. Moreover, the correlation results show no or weak influence of ACPs on seasonal air temperatures and precipitation, but the dominant effects differ by ACP type as well as at different seasonal levels. Among the selected ACPs, MO proved to be the most significant for the Sava River Basin.
A lowered snow line in Alpine valleys as a local weather phenomenon often varies from one valley to another. The relief morphology of the valleys and the intensity of precipitation play a crucial ...role in the variation. In Slovenia certain valleys are more susceptible to this phenomenon than others, one such example being the Planica Valley. This article examines the occurrence of a lowered snow line in the Planica Valley and the Vrata Valley during the winter seasons of 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. Precipitation events accompanying the occurrence of a lowered snow line were analyzed, and data on temperature and precipitation were included in the analysis. Results showed a striking degree of congruence of the phenomenon in both valleys.
Although the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon is more commonly studied in summer, its influence is also important in winter. In this study, the authors focused on the winter UHI in Ljubljana ...(Slovenia) and its impact on the urban population, as well as in comparison with a UHI study from 2000. Through a combination of mobile and stationary temperature measurements in different parts of the city, the winter intensity of the UHI in Ljubljana was studied in a dense spatial network of measurements. It was found that the intensity of the winter UHI in Ljubljana decreases as winters become warmer and less snowy. The results showed that the winter UHI in Ljubljana intensifies during the night and reaches the greatest intensity at sunrise. During the winter radiation type of weather, the warmest part of Ljubljana reaches an intensity of 3.5 °C in the evening. In total, 22% of the urban area is in the evening UHI intensity range of 2–4 °C, and 65% of the urban population lives in this range. In the morning, the UHI in Ljubljana has a maximum intensity of 5 °C. The area of >4 °C UHI intensity covers 7% of the urban area, and 28% of the total urban population lives in this area. Higher temperatures in urban centers in winter lead to a longer growing season, fewer snow cover days, lower energy consumption and cold stress, and lower mortality from cold-related diseases compared to the colder periphery.
The Slovenian subsample (n=415) of an international online survey about changes in daily mobility during the COVID-19 outbreak in the spring of 2020 was analysed from a geographical perspective. The ...dataset was split into three spatial classes (urban, transitional and rural) according to the respondents’ place of residence. People’s behaviour before and during the COVID-19 lockdown was compared and analysed in terms of commuting frequency, changes in mode choice for commuting and style of grocery shopping. The results show that commuting was reduced drastically during the lockdown while the car remained the main transport mode both for commuting and shopping, especially in rural areas. The study provides an unprecedented insight in travel behaviour changes due to the pandemic and congruously argues for improved transport policies to meet climate change and public health challenges.
Mountain landscapes are the areas characteristic for a great spatial variability of precipitation amounts. On the windward sides of orographic barriers there is intense rising of air, and on the lee ...sides air descends. The intensity of the two processes is manifested in great differences in precipitation amounts at short distances. Although the network of precipitation stations is the densest in the Alps of all mountain regions in the world, precipitation regime at the micro level continues to be poorly known at many a place. Precipitation stations in mountainous landscapes are the most numerous in lower-lying and settled areas, whereas they are rather few in the high-lying areas. Also the accuracy of measurements is problematic in the mountains. As a result, the information on precipitation regime is inadequate right in the areas with the largest precipitation amounts. This means that the estimation of water balance is inadequate, and it is difficult to forecast the precipitation-related processes, such as torrential floods, landslides, avalanches, and the like. The present paper deals with horizontal precipitation gradients in the Alpine valleys of Planica, Krnica and the stream Beli potok which are all situated in the north-western part of the Slovenian section of the Julian Alps.
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