Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome can occur as a result of sepsis. Cardiac dysfunction is a serious component of multi-organ failure caused by severe sepsis. Telomere ...shortening is related to several heart diseases. Telomeres are associated with the shelterin protein complex, which contributes to the maintenance of telomere length. Low-power infrared lasers modulate mRNA levels of shelterin complex genes. This study aimed to evaluate effects of a low-power infrared laser on mRNA relative levels of genes involved in telomere stabilization and telomere length in heart tissue of an experimental model of acute lung injury caused by sepsis. Animals were divided into six groups, treated with intraperitoneal saline solution, saline solution and exposed to a low-power infrared laser at 10 J cm
and 20 J cm
, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and LPS and, after 4 h, exposed to a low-power infrared laser at 10 J cm
and 20 J cm
. The laser exposure was performed only once. Analysis of mRNA relative levels and telomere length by RT-qPCR was performed. Telomere shortening and reduction in mRNA relative levels of TRF1 mRNA in heart tissues of LPS-induced ALI animals were observed. In addition, laser exposure increased the telomere length at 10 J cm
and modulated the TRF1 mRNA relative levels of at 20 J cm
in healthy animals. Although the telomeres were shortened and mRNA levels of TRF1 gene were increased in nontreated controls, the low-power infrared laser irradiation increased the telomere length at 10 J cm
in cardiac tissue of animals affected by LPS-induced acute lung injury, which suggests that telomere maintenance is a part of the photobiomodulation effect induced by infrared radiation.
Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis antimicrobial resistance has been followed with great concern during the last years, while the need for new drugs able to control leprosy and ...tuberculosis, mainly due to extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB), is pressing. Our group recently showed that M. leprae is able to induce lipid body biogenesis and cholesterol accumulation in macrophages and Schwann cells, facilitating its viability and replication. Considering these previous results, we investigated the efficacies of two statins on the intracellular viability of mycobacteria within the macrophage, as well as the effect of atorvastatin on M. leprae infections in BALB/c mice. We observed that intracellular mycobacteria viability decreased markedly after incubation with both statins, but atorvastatin showed the best inhibitory effect when combined with rifampin. Using Shepard's model, we observed with atorvastatin an efficacy in controlling M. leprae and inflammatory infiltrate in the BALB/c footpad, in a serum cholesterol level-dependent way. We conclude that statins contribute to macrophage-bactericidal activity against Mycobacterium bovis, M. leprae, and M. tuberculosis. It is likely that the association of statins with the actual multidrug therapy effectively reduces mycobacterial viability and tissue lesion in leprosy and tuberculosis patients, although epidemiological studies are still needed for confirmation.
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Câncer de esôfago (CE) é um dos tipos de câncer mais frequentes e agressivos, estando entre os dez tipos de câncer mais incidentes e ...letais no mundo. Entre as regiões mais incidentes do CE estão os países em desenvolvimento, como o Brasil. Apesar de recentes avanços em terapias anticâncer, menos de 10% dos pacientes acometidos por esta doença possuem uma sobrevida maior que cinco anos após seu diagnóstico e este fato é consequência do diagnóstico tardio, uma vez que os sintomas só aparecem em estádios bem avançados. Devido a este panorama há uma grande busca por métodos e, principalmente, biomarcadores de diagnóstico que possam detectar a doença em estádios iniciais e assim aumentar a sobrevida dos pacientes. A discriminação entre tumor e mucosa normal é possível ser feita endoscopicamente, porém, para detecção precoce de tumores esofágico seria importante discriminar mucosa saudável de lesão precursora, como displasia. Uma diferença típica entre tecido normal e displasia é a perda de diferenciação celular, sugerindo que proteínas de diferenciação possam ser um potencial alvo para serem usadas como biomarcadores de detecção precoce em câncer. Citoqueratinas (CKs) e esofagina (SPRR3) são importantes proteínas envolvidas na diferenciação das células no epitélio escamoso. A proteína (SPRR3) vem sendo estudada como um possível biomarcador de detecção de tumores em estádios iniciais de desenvolvimento. Em CE tem sido descrito perda da expressão de SPRR3 quando comparada com a mucosa saudável. Além disso, já foi mostrado que a análise combinada da expressão das duas variantes de SPRR3 (SPRR3-v1 e SPRR3-v2) é capaz de discriminar a mucosa esofágica de indivíduos saudáveis da mucosa adjacente e do tumor com alta sensibilidade e especificidade. Porém, uma associação significativa foi encontrada entre uma menor expressão de SPRR3-v2 e o consumo de álcool. Este dado gerou a hipótese de que o álcool pode levar a carcinogênese por estimular a proliferação e/ou perda de diferenciação do epitélio escamoso e desta forma contribuir para o surgimento do tumor. Para testar esta hipótese, foi realizado um modelo experimental utilizando camundongos BABL/c que receberam diariamente etanol em diferentes concentrações por diferentes intervalos de tempo. Foram analisados critérios de toxicidade dos animais e critérios para avaliação histopátológica no tecido esofágico. Além disso, foi analisado o perfil de expressão de proteínas envolvidas em diferenciação e proliferação celular que pudessem sugerir alterações no epitélio esofágico induzidas pelo etanol, sendo estas SPRR3, CK5/8 e CK14 e Ki67. Inflamação foi a única alteração histológica encontrada, porém ocorreu de forma aleatória, não podendo, portanto, ser associada ao etanol. Alteração no padrão de expressão das proteínas analisadas foi encontrada em regiões inflamadas. Porém, a maioria das amostras não apresentou alterações histopatológicas, nem tampouco alteração de expressão das proteínas, sugerindo que em epitélio esofágico de camundongos BALB/c o etanol não é capaz de induzir isoladamente alteração na proliferação e perda de diferenciação celular.
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the ten most common and aggressive cancers worldwide and the developing countries, including Brazil, are among the most incident regions . Despite recent advances in anticancer therapies, less than 10% of the patients with this disease have a survival rate higher than five years after diagnosis and this is a consequence of late diagnosis, since the symptoms only appear in advanced stages. Because of this background there is a big search for methods and diagnostic biomarkers that enable the detection of the disease in early stages and thus increase patient survival. The discrimination between tumor and normal mucosa can be done endoscopically, however, for early detection of esophageal tumors it would be important to discriminate healthy mucosa from precursor lesions, such as dysplasia. A typical difference between normal tissue and dysplasia is the loss of cellular differentiation, suggesting that differentiation markers may be potential targets to be used as biomarkers for cancer early detection. Cytokeratins (CK) and esophagin (SPRR3) are involved in cell differentiation in squamous epithelium. SPRR3 has been studied as a potential biomarker for the detection of tumors in their initial stages of development. In CE it has been described a loss of SPRR3 expression compared to healthy mucosa. Furthermore, it has been shown that the combined analysis of the expression of the two variants of SPRR3 (SPRR3-v1 and SPRR3- v2) is able to discriminate the esophageal mucosa from healthy individuals from the tumors and adjacent mucosa from patients with high sensitivity and specificity. Besides, a significant association was found between lower expression of SPRR3-v2 and alcohol consumption. This finding led to the hypothesis that alcohol can lead to carcinogenesis by stimulating proliferation and/or differentiation loss of squamous epithelium and thereby contribute to the tumor development . To test this hypothesis we conducted an experimental model using BALB/c mice treated daily with ethanol at different concentrations for different time intervals. We analyzed animal toxicity and pathological alterations in the esophageal epithelium. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression profile of proteins involved in cellular differentiation and proliferation that could suggest changes in the esophageal epithelium induced by ethanol, which were SPRR3, CK5/8 and CK14 and Ki67. Inflammation was the only histological abnormality found, however, occurred randomly and cant therefore be associated with ethanol. Changes in the expression pattern of the proteins analyzed were found in inflamed areas. However, most of the samples showed no histological changes nor alterations in protein expression, suggesting that in the esophageal epithelium of BALB/c ethanol is not capable of inducing proliferation and/or loss of cell differentiation.
Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis has been widely studied in an effort to understand its biological evolution. Transcriptomics has revealed possible candidates for virulence and pathogenicity ...factors of strain 1002 (biovar Ovis). Because C. pseudotuberculosis is classified into two biovars, Ovis and Equi, it was interesting to assess the transcriptional profile of biovar Equi strain 258, the causative agent of ulcerative lymphangitis. The genome of this strain was re-sequenced; the reassembly was completed using optical mapping technology, and the sequence was subsequently re-annotated. Two growth conditions that occur during the host infection process were simulated for the transcriptome: the osmotic and acid medium. Genes that may be associated with the microorganism's resilience under unfavorable conditions were identified through RNAseq, including genes present in pathogenicity islands. The RT-qPCR was performed to confirm the results in biological triplicate for each condition for some genes. The results extend our knowledge of the factors associated with the spread and persistence of C. pseudotuberculosis during the infection process and suggest possible avenues for studies related to the development of vaccines, diagnosis, and therapies that might help minimize damage to agribusinesses.
•Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis is resistant to many stresses.•The strain 258, biovar Equi, was subjected to two stress conditions, in vitro.•RNA sequencing of the bacterium revealed genes located in pathogenicity island.•Some differentially expressed genes were confirmed by RT-qPCR.
Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NCDO 2118 is a nondairy lactic acid bacterium, a xylose fermenter, and a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) producer isolated from frozen peas. Here, we report the ...complete genome sequence of L. lactis NCDO 2118, a strain with probiotic potential activity.
A artrite reumatoide (AR) é uma doença autoimune crônica que afeta principalmente as articulações, resultando em inflamação, dor e danos progressivos nas estruturas articulares, resultando em ...inflamação, dor e danos progressivos. O tratamento da artrite reumatoide (AR) tem sido uma área de constante evolução, com o objetivo de controlar os sintomas, prevenir danos articulares e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Nos últimos anos, os inibidores de Janus Quinase (JAK) surgiram como uma classe promissora de medicamentos no arsenal terapêutico disponível. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a eficácia e segurança do tratamento da artrite reumatoide com inibidores de JAK (JAKi). Para isso, foram selecionados três artigos que avaliaram o uso dos JAKi, publicados entre 2013 a 2023, nas bases de dados PubMed (Medline), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) e Cochrane Library. Observaram-se resultados com melhora estatisticamente significativa na obtenção de respostas ACR20, ACR50 e ACR70 com o baricitinibe em comparação com o placebo (p < 0,05). As razões de chances (odds ratio) calculadas, juntamente com os intervalos de confiança de 95% correspondentes, corroboraram esses achados, com razões de chances de 2,50 (IC 95%: 1,80-3,47) para ACR20, 2,12 (IC 95%: 1,47-3,06) para ACR50 e 1,78 (IC 95%: 1,23-2,57) para ACR70. Ademais, observou-se segurança ao adicionar os JAKi à terapia combinada com o metotrexato para o tratamento da AR, sem aumento do risco de malignidade. Em suma, os inibidores de JAK são eficazes no tratamento da artrite reumatoide, ao proporcionarem melhorias significativas nos sintomas e nas respostas clínicas dos pacientes. Além disso, apresentaram um perfil de segurança favorável, com uma incidência semelhante de eventos adversos graves em comparação com o placebo. Esses resultados sugerem que o baricitinibe pode ser uma opção terapêutica viável para o manejo da artrite reumatoide. No entanto, são necessários estudos adicionais para avaliar a eficácia e segurança em diferentes populações de pacientes, bem como para investigar o perfil de segurança a longo prazo.
The species Corynebacterium renale, Corynebacterium pilosum, and Corynebacterium cystitidis were initially thought to be the same species C. renale, but with different immunological types. These ...bacteria are the causative agent of cystitis, urethritis and pyelonephritis and are found usually as constituents of the normal flora in the lower urogenital tract of cattle. Therefore, we present the draft genome sequences of two pathogenic Corynebacterium species: C. renale CIP 52.96 and C. pilosum CIP 103422. The genome sequences of these species have 2,322,762 bp with 2,218 protein encoding genes and 2,548,014 bp with 2,428 protein encoding genes, respectively. These genomes can help clarify the virulence mechanisms of these unknown bacteria and enable the development of more effective methods for control.
Quality of Life of Diabetic patients with chronic wounds in Home Care Santos, Allan Bruno Alves de Sousa; Martins, Victória Maria Pontes; Limeira, Jessica Andrade ...
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science,
2022, Volume:
9, Issue:
9
Journal Article
Chronic injuries are determining factors in the quality of life of diabetic patients, because besides causing physical weaknesses, they also affect the emotional and social aspects, providing the ...need to adapt to a new form of routine. The study aims to reflect about the relations between the presence of chronic lesions and the experience at home and to transcend a reflection related to family participation in the care of these patients. This is a study of the narrative literary review type, with a theoretical-reflexive aspect, of qualitative approach and exploratory bias, it was carried out through data obtained from the BDENF, LILACS via Virtual Health Library, and SciELO portal, using the descriptors combined with the Boolean operator And "Quality of life, Diabetes Mellitus, Chronic Wounds, Home Care". The following inclusion criteria were adopted for the studies in the search: articles published in scientific journals, books and book chapters, theses and dissertations in English, Spanish and Portuguese, related to the theme. Studies available in paid form were excluded. Fourteen studies were included. From the analysis, the following categories emerged: The presence of chronic injuries in diabetic patients in home care and its interference in their quality of life and the importance of the family in assisting diabetic patients with chronic wounds at home. Primary care through the family health strategy plays a key role, identifying diabetic patients with chronic wounds and susceptible to developing them, and thus, training their families and caregivers, always seeking to include family members in the care process, because it is proven that the family plays a key role in the implementation of care and health planning. Furthermore, the health education offered by family members and caregivers is little documented in the literature. In this perception, a need emerges for a greater number of scientific productions that focus on family action and home care, thus evidencing the importance of these publics.
PDF
