An experiment was conducted to evaluate the individual and combined effects of treatment with the phosphate solubilizing fungus Mortierella sp. and the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizoglomus ...fasciculatum on the plant growth and phosphate uptake on plantlets of avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv. ‘Hass’) grown in a nursery. A completely randomized test design was used. Treatments consisted of individual and combined inoculations with R. fasciculatum and Mortierella sp. at two concentrations (10
6
and 10
8
CFU·mL
−1
), and the results were compared with an uninoculated control. The plant height, shoot dry mass, and shoot phosphate uptake were significantly higher in plants inoculated with both of the fungi than with either fungus individually, or in the uninoculated control plants. The colonization of fine roots with both fungi decreased when they were co-inoculated by comparison with when they were individually inoculated, which suggests that these fungi compete for root space. Despite this competition, the dual inoculation showed that the fungi had additive effects on plant performance. Thus, shoot phosphate levels in plantlets inoculated with mycorrhizae was significantly higher when Mortierella sp. was co-inoculated at both concentrations, compared with the single inoculations and the uninoculated control plants (mycorrhiza free).
Soil phosphorus (P) availability is a limiting factor for coffee seedling growth. Usually, large amounts of P fertilizers are required, generating nutritional imbalance, increasing production costs, ...and raising environmental concerns in water pollution. The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can enhance plant P uptake and growth and reduce the dose of P fertilizers. A greenhouse experiment was conducted in a substrate containing Paleudult soil and quartz sand, with low level of soluble P (1 mg kg-1), to establish the effect of AMF inoculation with Rhizoglomus fasciculatum on coffee (Coffea arabica L. cv. Colombia) seedlings growth and P uptake under three levels of P in soil solution (0.002, 0.02, and 0.2 mg L-1). AMF colonization was significantly reduced when contents of P in solution increased. Shoot dry weight and P foliar concentration were increased by the AMF inoculation when soil P in solution was 0.02 mg L-1; these effects were lower at 0.2 mg L-1 and null at 0.002 mg L-1 P. Results showed that AMF inoculation can play an important role in the growth of coffee seedlings as long as the content P in soil solution maintains intermediate level. At the lowest P level, the response of coffee seedlings to AMF inoculation was ineffective, while at the highest level, AMF application was unnecessary for coffee growth.
Background: Analgesia by specialists with formal training in pain management could be more effective, to find out, the results of a team of an acute pain service will be determined. Methods: ...Retrospective study (n = 108) of post-operative (POP) analgesia; two evaluations were taken: before starting analgesics in the immediate POP period and the second at 24 h. A multivariate analysis was performed to establish independent risk factors associated with the effectiveness of the treatment. Results: The effectiveness was 81.48% at 24 h. The risk factors associated with poor management effectiveness were: a comorbidity, prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.22; fibromyalgia (PR = 8.47), and cancer (PR = 2.47). The duration of surgery was associated with poor control PR = 1.10 for each hour elapsed. Protective factors for poor pain control: administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during the POP period (PR = 0.11) and use of analgesia controlled by the patient (PR = 0.29). Conclusion: POP pain relief is multifactorial; the participation of specialists was very effective. Identification of risk factors led to closer follow-up.
Los cultivos agrícolas y pasturas en monocultivo frecuentemente comprometen servicios ecosistémicos por la pérdida de suelos y biodiversidad. Como alternativa en la producción ganadera se han ...propuesto los sistemas silvopastoriles (SSP); sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que demuestren los beneficios de estos sobre la salud del suelo. Este estudio tuvo como propósito evaluar el efecto de diferentes usos de la tierra sobre la salud del suelo medida a través de indicadores químicos. Para tal fin, se usaron parcelas con al menos 19 años bajo los siguientes usos: (i) cultivo intensivo de maíz (Zea mays), (ii) pastura mixta de gramíneas (Megathyrsus maximus + Dichantium aristatum), (iii) SSP con pastos + arbustos (Cresentia cujete y Leucaena leucocephala), (iv) SSP multiestrato con los mismos pastos + leñosas de uso forrajero (Cassia grandis, Albizia saman y Guazuma ulmifolia) y (v) bosque secundario de restauración como referencia. Las evaluaciones se hicieron en épocas contrastantes (seca y lluviosa), en suelos del Valle medio del rio Sinú (Colombia), con gradiente de drenaje. En general, los suelos de los SSP presentaron los más altos indicadores químicos: MOS, N total, Mg, B, N-NO3 y CICE; la pastura de solo gramíneas presentó los mayores valores en micronutrientes: Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn y S, y NH4 y valores más bajos de pH, P, y NO3 y más altos de Al. El bosque secundario presentó valores intermedios para todos los indicadores, mientras que los suelos con maíz presentaron los indicadores químicos más pobres. Se concluye que los SSP mejoran los indicadores químicos de salud del suelo en comparación a la pastura de solo gramíneas y el monocultivo de maíz.
A series of in vitro experiments were carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of a phosphorus-solubilizing fungus to desorb phosphate (Pi) from soil samples differing in their Pi-sorption capacity. ...The results indicate that the fungus Mortierella sp. was effective in desorbing Pi from all soil samples tested by producing oxalic acid, and its effectiveness varied among soil orders. The effectiveness of the fungus was influenced by the soil Pi-sorption capacity, which could be used as a predictor of the effectiveness of microbes to increase soluble Pi via desorption from soils. The Pi desorption was most pronounced in a Mollisol followed by an Oxisol, an Ultisol, and then by three Andisols. The quantity of Pi desorbed by the fungus was also greater when the amount of sorbed Pi was high.
High phosphate (Pi) sorption in soils is a serious limiting factor for plant productivity and Pi fertilization efficiency, particularly in highly weathered and volcanic ash soils. In these soils, the ...sorbed Pi is so strongly held on the surfaces of reactive minerals that it is not available for plant root uptake. The use of phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) capable of Pi desorption seems to be a complementary alternative in the management of these soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the soil fungus
Mortierella
sp., a known PSM, to desorb Pi from four soil minerals differing in their Pi sorption capacity. The fungus was effective in desorbing Pi from all tested minerals except from allophane, and its desorption depended on the production of oxalic acid. The effectiveness of the fungus to desorb Pi was ranked as montmorillonite > kaolinite > goethite > allophane. The quantity of desorbed Pi increased by increasing the amount of sorbed Pi. The Pi sorption capacity expressed as P
0.2
value (amount of P required to increase a solution P concentration up to 0.2 mg L
−1
) was a good indicator of the effectiveness of
Mortierella
sp. to desorb Pi from soil minerals.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of a fungal inoculation on the litter decomposition in three plantations of avocado (Persea americana) cv. Hass in Colombia at different ...altitudes (Támesis 1340 m, Jericó 1900 m, and Entrerríos 2420 m). These processes are key in the proper functioning of soil biogeochemical cycles. The litter was either uninoculated or inoculated with the fungus Mortierella sp., then transferred into litter bags and finally deposited in the field sites where remained for 430 days. Residual dry matter (RDM) and nutrient content was monitored overtime. Five regression models of litter decomposition were employed: single, double, and triple exponential models and two continuous models. Although, all models properly fitted the data variation, the double exponential was the most effective based on regression parameters (mean square error and Akaike index). In all three sites the rate of decomposition was higher when the litter was inoculated with the fungus. Thus, the RDM was significantly lower when the litter was inoculated with Mortierella sp. At day 430, the uninoculated RDM in Tamesis, Jerico, and Entrerrios was 0.48, 0.47, and 0.50, respectively; while the inoculated RDM was 0.47, 0.44, and 0.46, respectively. The rate of decomposition followed the decreasing sequence: Jericó > Támesis > Entrerríos. The nutrient release pattern was: K > Ca > Mg > N > P > Cu > Mn > Zn > Fe. While K was rapidly released, Ca, Mg, and N were slowly released; P, Cu, Mn, Zn, and Fe were immobilized during the decomposition process. However, fungal inoculation on the litter significantly reduced the magnitude of nutrient accumulation for P, Mg, S, Mn, and Zn. This effect was variable overtime and among sites. Litter N and P contents and the N:P ratio were good indicators of the decaying process.
Objetivos: reportar el caso de una paciente con síndrome de Turner en mosaico, a quien se le realizó un tratamiento de reproducción asistida con análisis genético preimplantatorio para aneuploidias, ...logrando el nacimiento de una niña sana con cariotipo normal, y realizar una revisión de la literatura sobre la utilidad del diagnóstico genético preimplantatorio en las mujeres con síndrome de Turner. Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de una mujer de 27 años, con diagnóstico de síndrome de Turner en mosaico y con alteración secundaria en la reserva ovárica, atendida en centro de referencia para el manejo de infertilidad en Medellín, Colombia, a quien se le realizó un tratamiento de fertilización in vitro con análisis genético preimplantatorio para prevenir la transmisión del síndrome de Turner a su descendencia. Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, Clinical Key, OVID, Embase, Lilacs, SciELO y Oxford Journals, con los siguientes términos: “Turner Syndrome”, “Mosaic Turner”, “Preimplantation Genetic Screening”, “Preimplantation Genetic Testing”, “Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis”, “Pregnancy”, “Successful pregnancy”. Como criterios de inclusión se consideraron artículos tipo series y reportes de casos, cohortes y artículos de revisión desde enero de 1980 hasta junio de 2017, que incluyeran mujeres con síndrome de Turner embarazadas por medio de técnicas de fertilización in vitro, con sus propios óvulos, y que hubiesen sido sometidas a biopsia embrionaria para diagnóstico genético preimplantatorio. La búsqueda se limitó a los idiomas español e inglés. Resultados: un estudio cumplió con los criterios de inclusión. Tanto en este reporte como en nuestro caso, las pacientes con síndrome de Turner en mosaico se sometieron a varios ciclos de inyección intracitoplasmática de espermatozoides (ICSI) con sus propios óvulos, luego se realizó biopsia embrionaria para análisis genético preimplantatorio utilizando diferentes técnicas. En ambos casos se logró la transferencia al útero de embriones euploides con el posterior nacimiento de niñas sanas con cariotipo normal. Conclusión: Las pacientes con ST mosaico podrían beneficiarse de la biopsia embrionaria y análisis genético preimplantatorio para prevenir la transmisión del defecto genético a su descendencia.
Tropical soils are characterized by acidity and poor plant nutrient availability, limiting their agricultural productivity. These soils are commonly amended with lime, but its low solubility impairs ...its effectiveness to enhance soil fertility. The use of gypsum has gained attention among farmers due to its higher solubility and mobility in the soil, local accessibility, and low price. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the effects of Agricultural Gypsum (AG) addition on ten Colombian acid soils that had poor fertility and contrasting their physical and chemical characteristics. Surface (0-20 cm) soil samples were air-dried, sieved (<2 mm), and transferred into plastic vases, 40 g (dry base) per vase. Increasing rates of gypsum were added by duplicate: 0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 g kg-1. Then, the soils were incubated for two weeks and watered to maintain 50% of their maximum water holding capacity. Soil pH, Al+3, Ca+2, Mg+2, K+, S-SO4-2, and P-H2PO4-2 were measured using standard methods. The results showed that AG addition significantly (P<0.05) increased soil exchangeable Ca+2-K+, Ca+2 saturation, S-SO4-2 concentration, and exchangeable Al+3, particularly with doses above 4.0 g kg-1. In contrast, soil Al+3 saturation, P-H2PO4-2 and pH significantly decreased as the AG doses increased, while soil exchangeable Mg+2 levels were not significantly affected. The use of gypsum incubation tests could be promissory for its effects on soil amelioration associated mainly to increase soil exchangeable Ca2+ and S-SO 42- and to decrease Al3+ saturation.
The paper analyses residual concrete (CW) degradation by organic acids and their potential use as nutrient source for degraded soils. The aims of the research were to carry out a chemical and ...mineralogical characterization of CW and to evaluate the dissolution of calcium and silicon from CW using citric acid in order to determine its potential use as a source of these elements for degraded soils. The chemical and mineralogical characterization made it possible to identify calcium and silicon as major elements associated with the concrete phases in the form of calcite, portlandite, hydrated calcium silicate, and hydrated calcium aluminosilicates. Calcium and silicon extraction was studied through a chemical and mineralogical analysis of CW (smaller than 4 mm), which was submerged in a citric acid solution for two days at 28 °C and 110 rpm under controlled and uncontrolled pH conditions. Based on the concentration of calcium and silicon in solution, it was possible to conclude that after acidulation, this waste can be used as a source of nutrients for soils degraded by human use.
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