The level of microRNA-205 (miR-205) is commonly deregulated in a number of cancers. Through the screening of the microRNA expression profile in bladder cancer tissue and cell lines, we found that ...expression of miR-205 was significantly suppressed. In addition, the levels of miR-205 expression had a negative correlation with the degree of bladder cancer malignancy. However, the biological functions of miR-205 remained unclear. In this study, we have demonstrated that miR-205 had a role in the inhibition of proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells. Moreover, we have identified cyclin J (CCNJ) gene, which is involved in cell cycle regulation, as a novel target for miR-205. Furthermore, a long non-coding RNA HOTAIR (HOX transcript antisense RNA) was observed to participate in the silencing of miR-205 in bladder cancer cells by breaking the balance of histone modification between H3K4me3 (histone H3 at lysine 4 methylation) and H3K27me3 on miR-205 promoter. This study elucidates an important role that miR-205 had in the regulation of proliferation, migration and invasion of bladder cancer cells, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for combating bladder cancer.
•A facile route was developed to fabricate Co3O4@NMC OER/ORR catalysts.•Co3O4@NMC (1:3) exhibits a considerable ORR/OER activity and stability.•Accelerated kinetic charge transfer process is the main ...reason for catalysis.
A nanocomposite with mesoporous Co3O4 loaded on nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon (Co3O4@NMC) has been constructed by a facile post-grinding process. The electro-catalytic experimental results show that Co3O4@NMC (1:3) can be regarded as the low-cost alternative ORR/OER bi-functional catalyst compared with commercial noble Pt/C + IrO2 catalysts. The potential difference (ΔE) between between E1/2 and Ej10 for Co3O4@NMC (1:3) sample is only 21 mV larger. Moreover, we observed no obvious degeneration in both ORR and OER activity during ADT tests. The enhancement of electro-catalytic activity can be attributed to the effective charge transfer process as suggested by the Tafel analysis due to the synergistic effect.
Summary Osteoarthritis is primarily characterized by areas of destruction of articular cartilage and by synovitis. Articular damage and synovitis are secondary to local increase of pro-inflammatory ...cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α), enzymes with proteolytic activity (matrix metalloproteinases), and enzymes with pro-inflammatory activity (cyclooxygenase-2 and nitric oxide synthase-2). Enhanced expression of these proteins in chondrocytes and in synovial membrane appears associated to the activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Chondroitin sulfate (CS) prevents joint space narrowing and reduces joint swelling and effusion. To produce these effects, CS elicits an anti-inflammatory effect at the chondral and synovial levels. CS and its disaccharides reduce NF-κB nuclear translocation, probably by diminishing extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2, p38mitogen-activated protein kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. This review discusses the evidence supporting that CS pleiotropic effects in chondrocytes and synoviocytes are primarily due to a common mechanism, e.g., the inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation.
Multiloop retrodirective cross-eye jammers offer the possibility of both simplifying system implementation and improving system performance. However, the signals for each jammer loop propagate along ...different paths, leading to potentially detrimental effects on system performance. Static and dynamic compensation for path-length differences are introduced and analyzed. Of the two, static compensation is simpler but is only effective for limited engagement geometries. Dynamic compensation is more general but requires an accurate estimate of the engagement geometry.
ABSTRACT
We present Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) spectroscopic confirmations of 55 faint Planetary Nebulae (PNe) candidates discovered largely in the INT Photometric H α Survey (IPHAS) of the ...Northern Galactic Plane by our pro-am collaboration. We confirm 46 of them as ‘True’ (T), 4 as ‘Likely’ (L), and 5 as ‘Possible’ (P) PNe and including 5 new PNe central star (CSPN) discoveries. This was from observations of 62 new candidates yielding a maximum PN discovery success rate of 89 per cent. The sensitivity and longer wavelength coverage of IPHAS allows PNe to be found in regions of greater extinction and at these lower Galactic latitudes, including PNe in a more advanced evolutionary state and at larger distances compared to previously known Galactic PNe. We use a holistic set of observed characteristics and optical emission-line diagnostics to confirm candidates. Plasma properties have been determined in a self-consistent way using pyneb. This work is facilitated by the functionality of our powerful, multiwavelength database ‘HASH’ (Hong Kong, Australian Astronomical Observatory, Strasbourg Observatory H-alpha Planetary Nebula catalogue) that federates known imaging, spectroscopy, and other pertinent data for all Galactic T, L, P PNe, and the significant numbers of mimics. Reddenings, corrected radial velocities, and PNe electron density and temperature estimates are provided for these new PNe wherever possible.
Background
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy worldwide with surgery as the only curative treatment. Long-term overall survival (OS) of ovarian cancer is far from satisfactory, ...even though significant improvement has been made in post-operative chemotherapy. One of the most important death cause is the chemoresistance due to consecutive chemotherapy. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in ovarian cancer development and identification of novel therapeutic targets are urgently required.
Methods
Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was used to explore the expression pattern of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-interacting kinase 1 (MNK1) in tumor tissues from 138 epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) patients. Clinicopathological data were subjected to Kaplan–Meier survival and Cox multivariate analyses to evaluate the prognostic value of MNK1 in EOC. Overexpression and silencing procedures were performed on OVCAR-5 cells to investigate the mechanisms of MNK1 in regulating EOC development. The anti-tumor effects of CGP57380, a specific MNK inhibitor, were examined by cell viability assay.
Results
Higher MNK1 expression showed significant relationship with advanced FIGO stage and positive lymph node metastasis of EOC. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that MNK1 was an independent prognostic factor for OS of EOC patients. In vitro study demonstrated that MNK1 can promote cell proliferation through regulating the phosphorylation level of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E. In addition, inhibition of MNK1 by CGP57380 significantly down-regulated the OVCAR-5 cell viability.
Conclusion
High MNK1 expression in EOC tissues indicates poor clinical outcomes, and MNK1 can act as a potential target for novel chemotherapy development towards EOC.
Objectives
The impact of electrolyte imbalance on clinical outcomes after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is still not understood. We investigated the association between hypochloremia and hyponatremia ...upon hospital admission and in‐hospital mortality in AIS patients.
Materials and methods
A total of 3314 AIS patients enrolled from December 2013 to May 2014 across 22 hospitals in Suzhou city were included in this study. Hypochloremia was defined as having a serum chloride concentration <98 mmol/L and hyponatremia as having a serum sodium concentration <135 mmol/L. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the effect of hypochloremia and hyponatremia on all‐cause in‐hospital mortality in AIS patients.
Results
During hospitalization, 118 patients (3.6%) died from all causes. Multivariable model adjusted for age, sex, baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score, serum sodium, and other potential covariates showed that hypochloremia was associated with a 2.43‐fold increase in the risk of in‐hospital mortality (hazard ratio HR 2.43; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.41‐4.19; P=.001). However, no significant association between hyponatremia (P=.905) and in‐hospital mortality was observed. Moreover, the multivariable analysis found that serum chloride (HR=0.92, 95% CI 0.88‐0.98; P=.004) but not serum sodium (P=.102) was significantly associated with in‐hospital mortality.
Conclusions
Hypochloremia at admission was independently associated with in‐hospital mortality in AIS patients.
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Although transition metal selenides are considered to be extremely promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), severe volume changes and low electronic conductivity ...are their huge and unavoidable challenges. To solve these problems, CoSe nanoparticles in-situ grown on the inner surface of every macropore of 3D honeycomb C is successfully synthesized by three simple steps: dense assembling of polystyrene spheres, calcination and gaseous selenylation. The sizes of CoSe and honeycomb pores are 10–15 nm and 190 nm, respectively. The content of CoSe is 72 wt%. This unique architecture guarantees high electrochemical activity, rapid reaction kinetics and excellent structural stability of CoSe, as identified by cycling and rate performance measurements, various electrochemical kinetics analyses and ex-situ characterization of the cycled electrode material. As a result, the CoSe@honeycomb C anode exhibits extraordinary cycling performance (823.5 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, 610.1 mAh g−1 after 250 cycles at 2 A g−1, 247 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles at 5 A g−1) and exceptional rate capability (261.9 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1, 1491.4 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1), demonstrating that it is a potential anode material for high-performance LIBs.
The hydrolysis of aluminum (Al) is a promising method for on-demand hydrogen generation for low-power proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) applications. In this study, Al composites were ...mechanochemically activated using bismuth (Bi) and nickel (Ni) as activation compounds. The main objective was to determine the effects of Bi and Ni on Al particles during mechanochemical processing, and the hydrolysis activity of the Al-Bi-Ni composites. Successfully formulated ternary Al-Bi-Ni composites were hydrolyzed with de-ionized water under standard ambient conditions to determine the reactivity of the composite (extent of hydrogen production). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that Bi and Ni were distributed relatively uniformly throughout the Al particles, resulting in numerous micro-galvanic interactions between the anodic Al and cathodic Bi/Ni during hydrolysis reaction. The addition of >1 wt% Ni resulted in incomplete activation of Al, and such composites were non-reactive. All successfully prepared composites had near-complete hydrogen yields. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that no mineralogical interaction occurred between Al, Bi, and/or Ni. The main phases detected were Al, Bi, and minute traces of Ni (ascribed to low Ni content). In addition, the effect of the mass ratio (mass Al:mass water) and water quality were also determined.
A key discovery in gastrointestinal motility has been the central role played by interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in generating electrical slow waves that coordinate contractions. Multielectrode ...mapping and multiscale modeling are two emerging interdisciplinary strategies now showing translational promise to investigate ICC function, electrophysiology, and contractions in the human gut.
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