Vegetable sources and agro-industrial residues represent an important source of phenolic compounds that are useful in a wide range of applications, especially those with biological activities. ...Conventional techniques of phytochemical extraction have been associated with a high consumption of organic solvents that limits the application of bioactive extracts, leading to the implementation of novel extraction technologies using mechanisms such as Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE). In the present review, an analysis of the involved variables in the extraction yield of phenolic compounds through UAE is presented, highlighting the advantages of this technology based on the results obtained in various optimized studies. A comparison with other technologies and a proposal of its possible application for agro industrial residues as raw material of phenolic compounds is also indicated. Finally, it is concluded that UAE is a technology that is placed within the area of Sustainable Chemistry since it promotes the use of renewable raw materials through the extraction of phenolic compounds, implementing the substitution of organic solvents with solvents that do not present toxic effects, lowering the energy consumption when compared to conventional methods and minimizing process times and temperatures, which is useful for the extraction of thermo-labile compounds.
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•Ultrasound is a fast method for phenolic compounds recovery from C. chinense leaves.•Solvent polarity has a strong effect on the recovery of phenolic compounds.•Dielectric constant ...was propose to predict the most appropriate solvent for phenolic extraction.•Antioxidant activity correlates with total phenolic content of C. chinense leaves extracts.•Identification of phenolic compounds was performed by UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS.
Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites involved in plant adaptation processes. The development of extraction procedures, quantification, and identification of this compounds in habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) leaves can provide information about their accumulation and possible biological function. The main objective of this work was to study the effect of the UAE method and the polarity of different extraction solvents on the recovery of phenolic compounds from C. chinense leaves. Quantification of the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA) by ABTS+ and DPPH radical inhibition methods, and the relation between the dielectric constant (ε) as polarity parameter of the solvents and TPC using Weibull and Gaussian distribution models was analyzed. The major phenolic compounds in C. chinense leaves extracts were identified and quantified by UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS. The highest recovery of TPC (24.39 ± 2.41 mg GAE g−1 dry wt) was obtained using MeOH (50%) by UAE method. Correlations between TPC and AA of 0.89 and 0.91 were found for both radical inhibition methods (ABTS+ and DPPH). The Weibull and Gaussian models showed high regression values (0.93 to 0.95) suggesting that the highest phenolic compounds recovery is obtained using solvents with “ε” values between 35 and 52 by UAE. The major compounds were identified as N-caffeoyl putrescine, apigenin, luteolin and diosmetin derivatives. The models presented are proposed as a useful tool to predict the appropriate solvent composition for the extraction of phenolic compounds from C. chinense leaves by UAE based on the “ε” of the solvents for future metabolomic studies.
The biotechnological approach used for pollutants remotion has presented good yields at relatively low cost, nevertheless it still presents a wide margin for improvement to become the principal ...response to environmental contingencies. As immobilization of microorganisms has demonstrated the decrease of most of the disadvantages of biodegradation, this work aims to briefly review the microorganism’s immobilization for environmental purposes, focusing on encapsulation and exploring its different techniques and carrier materials. The principal reasons to encapsulate microorganisms for bioremediation, the types of capsules and their main characteristics, the physical, chemical, or physicochemical encapsulation methods that have been applied for environmental purposes, and those that have potential in the field, are also revised and explained. The principal biopolymers used to encapsulate and the characteristics they can confer to the capsules. Finally, recent cases of encapsulated microorganisms for bioremediation applications are discussed, highlighting the tendency in the works of the last decade for its application in contaminated waters and the need to explore more carrier materials and encapsulation techniques are also explored.
Phytochemicals are natural compounds found in plants that have potential health benefits such as antioxidants, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, and immune reinforcement.
Sieb. et Zucc. ...is a source rich in resveratrol, traditionally consumed as an infusion. In this study,
root extraction conditions were optimized to increase antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS+), extraction yield, resveratrol concentration, and total polyphenolic compounds (TPC) via ultrasonic-assisted extraction using a Box-Behnken design (BBD). The biological activities of the optimized extract and the infusion were compared. The optimized extract was obtained using a solvent/root powder ratio of 4, 60% ethanol concentration, and 60% ultrasonic power. The optimized extract showed higher biological activities than the infusion. The optimized extract contained 16.6 mg mL
resveratrol, high antioxidant activities (135.1 µg TE mL
for DPPH, and 230.4 µg TE mL
for ABTS+), TPC (33.2 mg GAE mL
), and extraction yield of 12.4%. The EC
value (effective concentration 50) of the optimized extract was 0.194 µg mL
, which revealed high cytotoxic activity against the Caco-2 cell line. The optimized extract could be used to develop functional beverages with high antioxidant capacity, antioxidants for edible oils, functional foods, and cosmetics.
Bioactive Phenols-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PL-CNps) were developed by ionic gelation from Persian lemon (
) waste (PLW) and chitosan nanoparticles. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used ...to determine the optimal Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) conditions for the total phenolic compounds (TPC) recovery from PLW (58.13 mg GAE/g dw), evaluating the ethanol concentration, extraction time, amplitude, and solid/liquid ratio. Eight compounds expressed as mg/g dry weight (dw) were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled photo diode array (UPLC-PDA) analysis: eriocitrin (20.71 ± 0.09), diosmin (18.59 ± 0.13), hesperidin (7.30 ± 0.04), sinapic acid (3.67 ± 0.04), catechin (2.92 ± 0.05), coumaric acid (2.86 ± 0.01), neohesperidin (1.63 ± 0.00), and naringenin (0.44 ± 0.00). The PL-CNps presented size of 232.7 nm, polydispersity index of 0.182, Z potential of -3.8 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 81.16%. The results indicated that a synergic effect between phenolic compounds from PLW and chitosan nanoparticles was observed in antioxidant and antibacterial activity, according to Limpel's equation. Such results indicate that PLW in such bioprocesses shows excellent potential as substrates for the production of value-added compounds with a special application for the food industry.
Agro-industrial waste valorization is an attractive approach that offers new alternatives to deal with shrinkage and residue problems. One of these approaches is the synthesis of advanced carbon ...materials. Current research has shown that citrus waste, mainly orange peel, can be a precursor for the synthesis of high-quality carbon materials for chemical adsorption and energy storage applications. A recent approach to the utilization of advanced carbon materials based on lignocellulosic biomass is their use in solar absorber coatings for solar-thermal applications. This study focused on the production of biochar from Citrus aurantium orange peel by a pyrolysis process at different temperatures. Biochars were characterized by SEM, elemental analysis, TGA-DSC, FTIR, DRX, Raman, and XPS spectroscopies. Optical properties such as diffuse reflectance in the UV−VIS−NIR region was also determined. Physical-chemical characterization revealed that the pyrolysis temperature had a negative effect in yield of biochars, whereas biochars with a higher carbon content, aromaticity, thermal stability, and structural order were produced as the temperature increased. Diffuse reflectance measurements revealed that it is possible to reduce the reflectance of the material by controlling its pyrolysis temperature, producing a material with physicochemical and optical properties that could be attractive for use as a pigment in solar absorber coatings.
Chitin production was biologically achieved by lactic acid fermentation (LAF) of shrimp waste (Litopenaeus vannameii) in a packed bed column reactor with maximal percentages of demineralization (D ...MIN) and deproteinization (D PROT) after 96 h of 92 and 94%, respectively. This procedure also afforded high free astaxanthin recovery with up to 2400 μg per gram of silage. Chitin product was also obtained from the shrimp waste by a chemical method using acid and alkali for comparison. The biologically obtained chitin (BIO-C) showed higher M w (1200 kDa) and crystallinity index (I CR) (86%) than the chemically extracted chitin (CH-C). A multistep freeze–pump–thaw (FPT) methodology was applied to obtain medium M w chitosan (400 kDa) with degree of acetylation (DA) ca. 10% from BIO-C, which was higher than that from CH-C. Additionally, I CR values showed the preservation of crystalline chitin structure in BIO-C derivatives at low DA (40–25%). Moreover, the FPT deacetylation of the attained BIO-C produced chitosans with bloc copolymer structure inherited from a coarse chitin crystalline morphology. Therefore, our LAF method combined with FPT proved to be an affective biological method to avoid excessive depolymerization and loss of crystallinity during chitosan production, which offers new perspective applications for this material.
The role of the oral microbiome and its effect on dental diseases is gaining interest. Therefore, it has been sought to decrease the bacterial load to fight oral cavity diseases. In this study, ...composite materials based on chitosan, chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, chitosan with zinc oxide particles, and chitosan with copper nanoparticles were prepared in the form of thin films, to evaluate a new alternative with a more significant impact on the oral cavity bacteria. The chemical structures and physical properties of the films were characterized using by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR,) Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analysis (EDX), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and contact angle measurements. Subsequently, the antimicrobial activity of each material was evaluated by agar diffusion tests. No differences were found in the hydrophilicity of the films with the incorporation of ZnO or copper particles. Antimicrobial activity was found against S. aureus in the chitosan film crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, but not in the other compositions. In contrast antimicrobial activity against S. typhimurium was found in all films. Based on the data of present investigation, chitosan composite films could be an option for the control of microorganisms with potential applications in various fields, such as medical and food industry.
Phenolic compounds in mango fruit: a review Tacias-Pascacio, Veymar G.; Castañeda-Valbuena, Daniel; Fernandez-Lafuente, Roberto ...
Journal of food measurement & characterization,
02/2022, Volume:
16, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Mangifera indica
fruit (mango) is one of the most commercialized fruits around the world occupying the 2nd position as a tropical crop, due to the great variety of existing cultivars from which ...different food products such as drinks, juices, concentrates, and jams are prepared. The wastes generated during the processing of this fruit (20 million tons), which represent up to 60% of the weight of the fruit and consist mainly of peels (12%) and kernels seeds (20%), cause a series of environmental and economic problems for entrepreneurs in the sector. This is because there are no clear policies for its disposal and reuse. Nevertheless, the development of biotechnological tools has led to these wastes becoming subject of interest for their use in multiple industries such as food and pharmaceuticals, since it has been shown that they can be used as raw material to obtain phenolic compounds with biological activities (antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, etc.). This review compiles the most relevant works from 2016 to 2021 about extraction, quantification, identification, biological activities, and applications of phenolic compounds obtained from the mango tree, with special focus on the fruit, with the objective to promote the use of mango from a sustainable perspective, and with a biorefinery approach.
This study describes the optimization of the biodegradation of total aliphatic (tAHCs), total aromatic (tPAHs), and unresolved complex mixture (UCM) hydrocarbons from light crude oil in marine ...sediment. The response surface methodology (RSM), with a Box-Behnken design, was used to optimize the hydrocarbon fraction degradation, reported as degradation efficiency (
E
(%)), using four independent variables (inoculum, dispersant, light oil concentration, and carbon/nitrogen ratio), all at three levels. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed R
2
values of 0.976, 0.974, and 0.975 for tAHCs, tPAHs, and UCM, respectively. All fractions exhibited a statistically significant effect (
P
< 0.05) in the second-order quadratic regression model for degradation. According to the models, the optimal degradation prediction was: 81.03% for tAHCs, 85.96% for tPAHs, and 92.86% for UCM. This work highlights the possibility of carrying out efficient biodegradation, of more than 80%, through an optimization process using different light oil concentrations, opening up possibilities of multiple response optimization.
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