In this case study, we explore the intricate surgical experience of a 45-year- old woman who post laparoscopic total hysterectomy for fibroid uterus, presented with persistent surgical site ...discharge. Despite multiple courses of antibiotic therapy, the symptoms persisted, and the infective organism remained unidentified. Keywords: Laparoscopic hysterectomy, Surgical site discharge, Infection, Mycobacterium
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) or a novel coronavirus (2019-CoV) has prompted global health concerns. A pandemic ...resulted from the disease’s transmission through many routes. In this pandemic, the interaction between coronavirus and the host immune system, particularly the innate immune system, is becoming more prominent. Against viruses and pathogens, innate immunity serves as a first line of defense. Our understanding of pathogenesis will benefit from a better grasp of the mechanisms of immune evasion techniques. The origin, classification, structure, and method of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 were summarized in this paper. We have discussed the importance of important communications. In this review, we have discussed the function of important components of the innate immune system in COVID-19 infection, as well as how the virus evades innate immunity through multiple tactics and contributes to a wide range of clinical symptoms and outcomes.
Background: Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) caused by various viruses and microbial agents present clinical challenges due to their diverse presentations. This retrospective study aimed to ...identify epidemiological trends and clinical characteristics of RTIs in pediatric populations using molecular diagnosis. Methods: The study cohort comprised 100 paediatric individuals, predominantly male (70%) compared to female (30%), distributed across different age brackets. Real Time PCR targeting 32 microbial pathogens includes bacteria (15) and viruses (17). Results: The majority of participants were aged 1 to 12 months (38%), followed by 1 to 3 years (29%), and 3 to 10 years (25%), with the smallest group being infants under 1 month (8%). A total of 134 pathogens were detected in 100 patients, with a higher prevalence in males (80%) compared to females (20%). Human respiratory syncytial viruses A and B were the most common, with 17 cases in males and 5 in females. Klebsiella pneumonia followed, with 19 cases in males and 5 in females. Influenza A and B viruses were also notable, with 7 and 9 cases in males, and 4 and 7 cases in females, respectively. Other significant microbes included human parainfluenza virus 3, human adenovirus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Notably, SARS-CoV-2 and Acinetobacter baumannii were not detected in either gender during the study period. Conclusions: Our study shows that nucleic acid-based tests, especially multiplex PCR, effectively detect respiratory viruses in pediatric RTI patients, reducing inappropriate antibacterial use and mortality/morbidity.
Objectives:
Placental tissue is an established biomaterial used in many clinical applications. However, its use for tissue engineering purposes has not been fully realized. Though articular cartilage ...extracellular matrix (ECM)-derived oriented scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering were developed, resources are a hindrance to its application. In this regard, the present study investigated the feasibility of using intact decellularized human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly (hUC-WJ) as a new material for chondrocyte carrier in cartilage tissue engineering. The developed hUC-WJ scaffold provides a good microenvironment for the attachment, viability, and delivery of seeded human autologous chondrocytes. It has an advantage over other biomaterials in terms of abundant availability and similar biochemistry to cartilage ECM.
Materials and methods:
hUC-WJ obtained from fresh human placenta were decellularized and gamma sterilized. Human cartilage tissue was obtained from the patients with a total knee replacement. The chondrocytes were isolated and expanded in-vitro and seeded onto the hUC-WJ scaffold. The efficiency of the decellularized tissue as a delivery system for human cartilage cells was investigated by histology, immunohistochemistry, cell count, flow cytometry, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Results:
The results showed that the decellularized hUC-WJ scaffold has supported the microenvironment for chondrocyte attachment and viability without losing its phenotype. In addition, the cells were spread through the hUC-WJ scaffold as confirmed by histology and SEM.
Conclusion:
Based on obtained results, the hUC-WJ scaffold has great potential as a 3D scaffold for human autologous chondrocyte carriers in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from the Wharton’s jelly (WJ), a mucoid connective tissue of the umbilical cord having several therapeutic advantages are implicated in numerous clinical trials with ...target indications ranging from hematological to neurodevelopmental disorders. The effective cellular dose of WJ-MSCs derived from tissues is at a very low quantity, for application in pre-clinical/clinical trials; thus further commercialization relies on biomanufacturing to retain its proliferative multipotent state and therapeutic integrity. We have optimized the large-scale production of GMP-compliant xeno-free/serum-free human WJ-MSCs using a microcarrier-based stirred-tank bioreactor (5 L). A total yield of 2 × 109 (2.3 ± 400.34 ×109) cells/batch at a concentration of 5.0 × 105 cells/mL was achieved using a microcarrier platform in 14.0 ± 1.73 days corresponding to a 20 ± 1 fold expansion and harvest efficiency of 98.3 ± 4.5%. The upscaled WJ-MSCs were characterized and found to be of standard clinical grade. WJ-MSC inhibited phytohemagglutinin (PHA) mediated T-cell proliferation in vitro, the inhibitory potential could be enhanced by cytokine preconditioning of cells. A decrease in both the CD4 + and CD8 + populations and concomitant reduction in the CD25 + activation marker was noted.
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•Large-scale production of human Wharton’s jelly (WJ) derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was achieved.•The microcarrier based stirred-tank bioreactor produced xeno-free/serum-free clinical grade cells.•A total yield of 2 × 109 (2.3 ± 400.34 ×109)/batch at a concentration of 5.0 × 105 cells/mL was achieved.•The cells had consistent batch to batch characteristics and the process is GMP-compliant.•The scaled-up cells have high demand and potential application in inflammatory/immunomodulatory clinical conditions.
Forty novel HLA class I and class II alleles were identified in umbilical cord blood (UCB) samples and categorized based on various types of mutations: non‐synonymous, synonymous, frameshift, and ...premature termination codon. This study described 14 novel HLA‐A alleles, 9 novel HLA‐B alleles, 4 novel HLA‐C alleles, 3 novel HLA‐DRB1 alleles and 10 novel HLA‐DQB1 alleles. Comparing the new allele sequence with the most homologous sequence, 60% of the novel alleles exhibited non‐synonymous substitution, 32.5% observed with synonymous substitution, 5% displayed premature stop codon, and 2.5% presented with frameshift mutation. The majority of the new alleles contained a single nucleotide variation when compared with the most similar sequence.
Abstract
Introduction
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplants are effective in the treatment of numerous disorders. Proper processing and storage of umbilical cord blood (UCB) and peripheral blood ...(PB) HSCs is invaluable for therapeutic applications. Although automated sample processing methods exist, they are unable to accommodate low volume, viscous, fibrin clotted, partially hemolyzed, or otherwise complex samples, resulting in the loss of precious HSCs. The CellBios single-use transfer freezing bag was designed to process peripheral and cord blood samples and freeze HSCs, including from those with the above-mentioned problems. Here we demonstrate the utility of these transfer freezing bags to salvage problematic UCB samples and recover precious HSC material suitable for banking and therapeutics.
Objective
The objective of this study was to develop a closed UCB sample processing and cryopreservation solution that is amenable to easy manual operation, can deliver excellent HSC viability and recovery, can eliminate contaminating red blood cells (RBCs), and is capable of processing complex/defective starting samples that are incompatible with conventional automated processing systems into therapeutic grade HSC banks.
Methods
We studied 100 randomly selected UCB samples, from various centers throughout India, that were processed and prepared for cryopreservation using our transfer freezing bag. We recorded the pre- and post-sample processing volumes, total nucleated cell counts (TNCC), hematocrit (HCT), CD34+ cell viability, and recovery.
Results
Study results showed the following: 94% vs 98% CD34+ cell viability post processing, 77% vs 85% total mononuclear cell viability, 69% vs 85% TNCC recovery in problematic vs normal samples, respectively. It was possible to achieve low RBC carryover –91% HCT reduction post-processing in normal samples; more importantly, problematic samples also had RBC removal evidenced by HCT reduction of 45%.
Discussion
We have demonstrated efficient removal of RBCs to alleviate post-transplantation issues and maximized CD34+ HSC recovery in both normal and problematic UCB samples. Crucially, it was possible to salvage precious CB HSCs from defective samples that would be lost had they been processed in conventional automated workflows. The CellBios CellStor Transfer Freezing Bag Set offers best in class performance in preparing umbilical cord blood samples for cryostorage.
Chronic, non-healing wounds pose a serious public health issue and the need for new treatment methods is paramount. Dehydrated human amnion/chorion membrane has potential wound healing properties, ...due to the enrichment of growth factors and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its auxiliary advantage on diabetic wounds with demonstrated safety and efficacy in animal models has not been extensively documented. This study aimed at evincing the wound-healing property of dehydrated human amnion chorion membrane in diabetic and non-diabetic rats. An excisional wound model was developed in 36 male Sprague-Dawley rats that were randomly classified into six groups for two experiments. The non-diabetic rat group included non-diabetic control (G1), dHACM treatment (G2), and dHACM dressing + saline-treatment (G3); (n = 6). Similarly, the diabetic group included diabetic control (G4), dHACM treatment (G5), and dHACM dressing + saline-treatment (G6); (n = 6). The results of wound contractility rate, re-epithelialization, grading of granulation tissue, and collagen deposition from histopathological observation demonstrated that in comparison with the other groups (G1, G2, G4, and G5), the animal groups treated with dHACM dressing + saline-treatment (G3 and G6) had superior regenerative effects in excisional wound model. Also, in the animals of G5 and G6 of the diabetic group, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in the levels of glucose, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphate (ALP), when compared to G4 animals during the experiment. It is evident from this study that dHACM could be applied as a potential wound healing biomaterial, especially in diabetic conditions.
This study aimed to assess the utility of real-time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for diagnosing chronic endometritis (CE) by targeting 11 prevalent pathogens and to compare the outcomes with ...conventional culture-based diagnosis.
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 500 patients with clinical conditions such as abnormal bleeding, in vitro fertilization failure, recurrent implantation failure, recurrent miscarriage, and recurrent pregnancy loss. The prevalence of 11 key pathogens associated with CE was evaluated in endometrial biopsy samples.
In our study, PCR identified 318 cases (63.6%) positive for at least one of the 11 investigated pathogens, while culture-based methods detected 115 cases (23%). Predominant pathogens detected by PCR included Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) (19%), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (6.8%), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (9%), Mycoplasma hominis (5%), Mycoplasma genitalium (6.2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) (4.2%), Ureaplasma urealyticum (4%), nontuberculous Mycobacterium (5.2%), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1.2%), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (0.6%), and Chlamydia trachomatis (2.4%). Standard culture methods identified E. faecalis (10.8%), S. aureus (6.2%), E. coli (3.8%), and S. agalactiae (2.2%).
The DICE panel proves itself as a swift, precise, and cost-effective diagnostic tool for detecting both culturable and nonculturable endometrial pathogens in CE. Demonstrating superiority, the Molecular method outshines microbial culture, ensuring accurate and sensitive detection of CE-associated pathogens, harmonizing seamlessly with histology and hysteroscopy findings.
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