Private associations abounded in the ancient Greek world and beyond, and this volume provides the first large-scale study of the strategies of governance which they employed. Emphasis is placed on ...the values fostered by the regulations of associations, the complexities of the private-public divide (and that divide's impact on polis institutions) and the dynamics of regional and global networks and group identity. The attested links between rules and religious sanctions also illuminate the relationship between legal history and religion. Moreover, possible links between ancient associations and the early Christian churches will prove particularly valuable for scholars of the New Testament. The book concludes by using the regulations of associations to explore a novel and revealing aspect of the interaction between the Mediterranean world, India and China. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Paganini Mario C. D. The gymnasium as ‘lieu de sociabilité’ in Ptolemaic Egypt: the role of private associations. In: Topoi, volume 20/1, 2015. pp. 47-58.
The present study, with its concentration on the diffusion of Sarapis names, is intended to demonstrate how onomastic data, collected in computerised databases, can be useful in different ways. It ...took a long time before parents were prepared to give children Sarapis names, and the majority (85%) were derivations (e.g. Sarapion, Sarapias) rather than full theophoric names (e.g Sarapadoros, Sarapammon), which occur only in Roman times. Some names like Sarapous and Sarapas are geographically limited, and a local martyr cult preseves the popularity of Sarapion and Sarapammon into the Christian period in Middle Egypt. The refinement of the statistical method may lead to wider and different questions.
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•Two hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) were prepared by stirring and heating and used in the sample preparation step.HDES were used for Cadmium extraction from sewage sludge ...samples.The determination of cadmium in the samples was made by ICP-MS.Greenness evaluation of eutectic solvent preparation methods.
Hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDES) are a subclass of DES, formed by hydrogen bond donor and acceptor species, which have low solubility in hydrophilic systems as their main characteristic. In this work, two different mixtures based on DL-menthol (HDES 1: DL-menthol and acetic acid, 1:1 M ratio; HDES 2: DL-menthol, acetic acid, and pyruvic acid, 1:1:1 M ratio) were prepared and their physicochemical properties (density and viscosity) were determined. The materials were characterized using FTIR, TG, DSC, and cadmium determination was made by ICP-MS using the KED mode. The greenness of the methods for preparing the mixtures was assessed using the analytical Eco-Scale metric, with high scores obtained for both procedures. The parameters sample mass, HDES volume, and ultrasonication time were optimized using a 33 Box-Behnken experimental design and the solvents were tested in the extraction of cadmium from a sewage sludge certified reference material, obtaining recoveries of 101 and 104 % using HDES 1 and HDES 2, respectively. The LOD and LOQ values were 0.271 and 0.905 µg L−1 (HDES 1), and 0.280 and 0.933 µg L−1 (HDES 2), respectively. The two mixtures provided similar results when applied in the extraction of cadmium from three different sewage samples. For sewage sludge A, the cadmium values obtained were 2.073 ± 0.10 µg g−1 (HDES 1) and 2.103 ± 0.11 µg g−1 (HDES 2). For sewage sludge B, the cadmium values were 2.707 ± 0.20 µg g−1 (HDES 1) and 2.067 ± 0.23 µg g−1 (HDES 2). For a poultry sewage sludge sample, the cadmium values were 6.023 ± 0.84 µg g−1 (HDES 1) and 5.319 ± 0.14 µg g−1 (HDES 2). The sample extraction process was evaluated using AGREE software, obtaining a score of 0.7 (out of a possible maximum score of 1.0). Use of the prepared solvents and extraction using an ultrasound-assisted method proved to be a good and sustainable strategy for the extraction of Cd from sewage sludge.
Objective To assess the clinical effect of caudate-putaminal transplantation of fetal striatal tissue in Huntington's disease (HD). Methods We carried out a follow-up study on 10 HD transplanted ...patients and 16 HD not-transplanted patients. All patients were evaluated with the Unified HD Rating Scale (UHDRS) whose change in motor, cognitive, behavioural and functional capacity total scores were considered as outcome measures. Grafted patients also received morphological and molecular neuroimaging. Results Patients were followed-up from disease onset for a total of 309.3 person-years (minimum 5.3, median 11.2 years, maximum 21.6 years). UHDRS scores have been available since 2004 (median time of 5.7 years since onset, minimum zero, maximum 17.2 years). Median post-transplantation follow-up was 4.3 years, minimum 2.8, maximum 5.1 years. Adjusted post-transplantation motor score deterioration rate was reduced compared to the pretransplantation period, and to that of not-transplanted patients by 0.9 unit/years (95% CI 0.2 to 1.6). Cognitive score deterioration was reduced of 2.7 unit/years (95% CI 0.1 to 5.3). For grafted patients the 2-year post-transplantation 18Ffluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) showed striatal/cortical metabolic increase compared to the presurgical evaluation; 4-year post-transplantation PET values were slightly decreased, but remained higher than preoperatively. 123Iiodobenzamide single photon emission CT demonstrated an increase in striatal D2-receptor density during postgrafting follow-up. Conclusions Grafted patients experienced a milder clinical course with less pronounced motor/cognitive decline and associated brain metabolism improvement. Life-time follow-up may ultimately clarify whether transplantation permanently modifies the natural course of the disease, allowing longer sojourn time at less severe clinical stage, and improvement of overall survival.
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