Optical characteristics of luminescent materials, including emission color (wavelength), lifetime, and excitation mode, play crucial roles in data communication and information security. Conventional ...luminescent materials generally display unicolor, unitemporal, and unimodal (occasionally bimodal) emission, resulting in low‐level readout and decoding. The development of multicolor, multitemporal, and multimodal luminescence in a single material has long been considered to be a significant challenge. In this study, for the first time, the superior integration of colorful (red–orange–yellow–green), bitemporal (fluorescent and delayed), and four‐modal (thermo‐/mechano‐motivated and upconverted/downshifted) emissions in a particular piezoelectric particle via optical multiplexing of dual‐lanthanide dopants is demonstrated. The as‐prepared versatile NaNbO3:Pr3+,Er3+ luminescent microparticles shown are particularly suitable for embedding into polymer films to achieve waterproof, flexible/wearable and highly stretchable features, and synchronously to provide multidimensional codes that can be visually read‐out using simple and commonly available tools (including the LED of a smartphone, pen writing, cooling–heating stimuli, and ultraviolet/near‐infrared lamps). These findings offer unique insight for designing highly integrated stimuli‐responsive luminophors and smart devices toward a wide variety of applications, particularly advanced anticounterfeiting technology.
Thermo‐mechano‐opto‐responsive bitemporal (fluorescent and delayed) colorful (red–orange–yellow–green) luminescence is designed and achieved through optical multiplexing of dual‐lanthanides of Pr3+ and Er3+ in NaNbO3 piezoelectric microparticles. The smart materials are well‐embedded into polymer elastomers to show waterproof, flexible/wearable and highly‐stretchable features, and provide multidimensional codes that enable visual readout using commonly available tools (e.g., smartphone flashlight, pen writing, and cooling‐heating stimuli).
An efficient zinc(II)‐catalyzed alkyne oxidation/CH functionalization sequence was developed, thus leading to highly site‐selective synthesis of a variety of isoquinolones and β‐carbolines. ...Importantly, in contrast to the well‐established gold‐catalyzed intermolecular alkyne oxidation, over‐oxidation can be completely suppressed in this system and the reaction most likely proceeds by a Friedel–Crafts‐type pathway. Mechanistic studies and theoretical calculations are described.
Swap gold for zinc: The title reaction was achieved by a zinc(II)‐catalyzed alkyne oxidation/CH functionalization sequence. In contrast to the well‐established gold‐catalyzed intermolecular alkyne oxidation, the over‐oxidation can be suppressed in this system and the reaction most likely proceeds by a Friedel–Crafts‐type pathway. Tf=trifluoromethanesulfonyl, PG=protecting group.
Currently, the primary commercial aluminum alloy fillers used are 4043 and 5356. However, when welded with high-strength work pieces like 6061 and 7075 aluminum alloys, the strength of weld beads ...significantly lags behind that of the original welded material. Both 4043 and 5356 aluminum alloys cannot be strengthened through heat treatment. The strength difference between the weld bead and base material doubles after heat treatment. In this study, an Al-Si-Cu-Mg alloy (SCM) filler modified using a heat-treatable A319 aluminum alloy was employed to investigate the post-welding microstructural and mechanical properties of specimens under room- and high-temperature conditions and after prolonged exposure in a saltwater environment (3.5 wt.% NaCl). The aim was to demonstrate that commercial aluminum alloy fillers could be substituted with a high-silicon aluminum alloy boasting excellent solidification and mechanical properties. The results revealed that, after heat treatment of the weld bead, dendrites were not eliminated, but the tensile strength increased to 310 MPa, closely matching that of commercial 6061 aluminum alloy. The strength of the weld bead remained higher than 250 MPa in high-temperature (240 °C) and saltwater environments. These findings underscore the potential application of this material.
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the only effective drug approved by US FDA to treat ischemic stroke, and it contains pleiotropic effects besides thrombolysis. We performed a ...meta-analysis to clarify effect of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) on cerebral infarction besides its thrombolysis property in mechanical animal stroke.
Relevant studies were identified by two reviewers after searching online databases, including Pubmed, Embase, and ScienceDirect, from 1979 to 2016. We identified 6, 65, 17, 12, 16, 12 and 13 comparisons reporting effect of endogenous tPA on infarction volume and effects of rtPA on infarction volume, blood-brain barrier, brain edema, intracerebral hemorrhage, neurological function and mortality rate in all 47 included studies. Standardized mean differences for continuous measures and risk ratio for dichotomous measures were calculated to assess the effects of endogenous tPA and rtPA on cerebral infarction in animals. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable score. Subgroup analysis, meta-regression and sensitivity analysis were performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. Funnel plot, Trim and Fill method and Egger's test were obtained to detect publication bias.
We found that both endogenous tPA and rtPA had not enlarged infarction volume, or deteriorated neurological function. However, rtPA would disrupt blood-brain barrier, aggravate brain edema, induce intracerebral hemorrhage and increase mortality rate.
This meta-analysis reveals rtPA can lead to neurological side effects besides thrombolysis in mechanical animal stroke, which may account for clinical exacerbation for stroke patients that do not achieve vascular recanalization with rtPA.
An environmentally benign electrochemical approach has been developed for the α-hydroxymethylation of ketones using
N
,
N
-dimethylformamide as the carbon source for the construction of β-hydroxy ...ketones. This method does not require metal catalysts or chemical oxidants and proceeded smoothly at room temperature to demonstrate tolerance of a broad range of functional groups.
We report the electrocatalytic α-hydroxymethylation of ketones using DMF as the carbon source at room temperature in air in a conversion that proceeds without need for toxic and expensive chemical oxidants or metal catalysts.
Multicyclic polystyrene (PS) with hyperbranched structure was constructed in an efficient way. First, a seesaw-type PS was synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a Y-shaped ...ATRP initiator containing one hydroxyl at center and bromine at each end. After azidation, the anthryl and hydroxyl groups were introduced to the ends of the polymer chain by click reaction with a trifunctional molecule bearing alkynyl, hydroxyl, and anthryl groups (alkynyl-OH-ant). By irradiation with 365 nm UV light in a highly dilute condition, cyclic polymer with three hydroxyl groups (c-PS-(OH)3) can be obtained; then it was converted to a cyclic polymer containing three azides (c-PS-(N3)3) by bromination of the hydroxyl groups and azidation. This “A3” cyclic macromonomer was then used to construct hyperbranched multicyclic polymers via self-accelerating click reaction with sym-dibenzo-1,5-cyclooctadiene-3,7-diyne (DBA). The properties of obtained polymer were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, MALDI-TOF MS, and TD-SEC. It was calculated from the MALLS results that there were about 35 “small rings” in the multicyclic polymer. Moreover, because of the photocleavage reaction of the anthracene dimer, this hyperbranched multicyclic polymer can be cleaved to long-chain hyperbranched PS by irradiation with 254 nm UV light.
Observational studies have shown that colonoscopy reduces colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality in the general population. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis quantifying the magnitude of ...protection by colonoscopy, with screening and diagnostic indications, against CRC in patients with non-malignant findings and demonstrating the potentially more marked effect of screening over diagnostic colonoscopy.
PubMed, EMBASE, and conference abstracts were searched through 30 April 2015. The primary outcomes were overall CRC incidence and mortality. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effect models.
Eleven observational studies with a total of 1,499,521 individuals were included. Pooled analysis showed that colonoscopy was associated with a 61% RR reduction in CRC incidence (RR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.26-0.60; I(2)=93.6%) and a 61% reduction in CRC mortality (RR: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.35-0.43; I(2)=12.0%) in patients with non-malignant findings, although there was high heterogeneity for the outcome of CRC incidence. After excluding one outlier study, there was low heterogeneity for the outcome of incidence (I(2)=44.7%). Subgroup analysis showed that the effect of screening colonoscopy was more prominent, corresponding to an 89% reduction in CRC incidence (RR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.08-0.15), in comparison with settings involving diagnostic colonoscopy (RR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.43-0.59; P<0.001).
On the basis of this meta-analysis of observational studies, CRC incidence and mortality in patients with non-malignant findings are significantly reduced after colonoscopy. The effect of screening colonoscopy on CRC incidence is more marked than diagnostic colonoscopy.
High-quality graphene@prussian blue (G@PB) nanocomposite sheets have been successfully fabricated via a one-step in situ hydrothermal method, in which uniform PB nanoparticles completely covered both ...sides of graphene sheets through control of the etching of the raw material and growth of the target products. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated effective combination. A series of G@PB nanocomposite sheets with different graphene contents as well as other PB/carbonaceous composites and mixed G@PB materials provided adequate proof for the synergetic effect of graphene and Prussian blue in G@PB nanocomposite sheets as well as the important effect of each composite on the electrochemical performance; graphene not only prevented the agglomeration of PB nanoparticles but also provided conductive network for fast electron transport, which was verified by the IR voltage drop and EIS test. In particular, the G@PB-5 hybrid composite showed the highest capacitance of 388.09 F g
at a current density of 1 A g
and enhanced rate capability and long-term stability with 97.2% retention over 5000 cycles as well as coulombic efficiency of nearly 100%. Asymmetric supercapacitor cells were assembled by pairing an optimized nanocomposite electrode with an activated carbon negative electrode, which displayed a reversible operating voltage of 2.0 V. These high electrochemical performances render the G@PB-5 nanocomposite sheets promising for energy-storage hybrid electrodes.
Summary
Data from 200 children with high‐risk acute myeloid leukaemia who underwent their first haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo‐HSCT) between 2015 and 2021 at our ...institution were analysed. The 4‐year overall survival (OS), event‐free survival (EFS) and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) were 71.9%, 62.3% and 32.4% respectively. The 100‐day cumulative incidences of grade II–IV and III–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease (aGVHD) were 41.1% and 9.5% respectively. The 4‐year cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 56.1%, and that of moderate‐to‐severe cGVHD was 27.3%. Minimal residual disease (MRD)‐positive (MRD+) status pre‐HSCT was significantly associated with lower survival and a higher risk of relapse. The 4‐year OS, EFS and CIR differed significantly between patients with MRD+ pre‐HSCT (n = 97; 63.4%, 51.4% and 41.0% respectively) and those with MRD‐negative (MRD‐) pre‐HSCT (n = 103; 80.5%, 73.3% and 23.8% respectively). Multivariate analysis also revealed that acute megakaryoblastic leukaemia without Down syndrome (non‐DS‐AMKL) was associated with extremely poor outcomes (hazard ratios and 95% CIs for OS, EFS and CIR: 3.110 (1.430–6.763), 3.145 (1.628–6.074) and 3.250 (1.529–6.910) respectively; p‐values were 0.004, 0.001 and 0.002 respectively). Thus, haplo‐HSCT can be a therapy option for these patients, and MRD status pre‐HSCT significantly affects the outcomes. As patients with non‐DS‐AMKL have extremely poor outcomes, even with haplo‐HSCT, a combination of novel therapies is urgently needed.
Data on 200 pediatric patients with high risk AML reveals that unmanipulated haplo‐HSCT has the potential to enhance the chances of recovery. Moreover, the status of minimal residual disease (MRD) pre‐HSCT significantly influences the treatment outcomes.
During the pathogenesis of early pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), pulmonary arterial adventitial fibroblast act as an initiator and mediator of inflammatory processes that predispose vessel ...walls to excessive vasoconstriction and pathogenic vascular remodeling. Emerging studies report that Yin Yang-1 (YY-1) plays important roles in inflammatory response and vascular injury. Our recent study finds that activation of CD40 ligand (CD40L)-CD40 signaling promotes pro-inflammatory phenotype of pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts. However, whether YY-1 is involved in CD40L-CD40 signaling-triggered inflammatory response in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts and its underlying mechanism is still unclear. Here, we show that soluble CD40L (sCD40L) stimulation promotes YY-1 protein expression and suppresses anti-inflammatory cytokine, interleukin 10 (IL-10) expression in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts, while YY-1 knockdown prevents sCD40L-mediated reduction of IL-10 expression via enhancing IL-10 gene transactivation. Further, we find that sCD40L stimulation significantly increases histone H3 tri-methylation at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) modification on IL-10 promoter in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts, and YY-1 knockdown prevents the effect of sCD40L on IL-10 promoter by reducing the interaction with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone methyltransferase, binding to IL-10 promoter. Moreover, we find that sCD40L stimulation promotes YY-1 protein, but not messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, via decreasing N6-methyladenosine methylation on YY-1 mRNA to suppress YTHDF2-medicated mRNA decay. Overall, this in-depth study shows that the activation of CD40L-CD40 signaling upregulates YY-1 protein expression in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts, which results in increasing YY-1 and EZH2 binding to the IL-10 promoter region to enhance H3K27me3 modification, eventually leading to suppression of IL-10 transactivation. This study first uncovers the roles of YY-1 on CD40L-CD40 signaling-triggered inflammatory response in pulmonary adventitial fibroblasts.
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