My Personal Images as My Graphical Password Sosa Valles, Pablo Abraham; Villalobos-Serrano, Javier Gerardo; Martinez Pelaez, Rafael ...
Revista IEEE América Latina,
05/2018, Volume:
16, Issue:
5
Journal Article
In 1996, Blonder introduced the first authentication system based on a graphical password. Since then, researchers have proposed several systems in the literature enhancing security properties to ...prevent brute-force, guessing, and shoulder-surfing attacks. However, many systems were developed using impersonal images, hindering their identification and retention. As a solution, Takada-Toike, and Herzberg-Margulies introduced systems using personal images in 2002 and 2012, respectively. Nonetheless, users require passing many stages during the authentication phase, making the systems unsecured. As a solution, we propose a system where each user creates a graphical personal password and needs to pass a stage. Security analysis demonstrates that the proposal can resist very well-known attacks, making it secure and useful for web services.
The development of sleep disorders, and specifically insomnia, has been linked to the exposure to different stressors. In this line, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused by the new ...coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, has caused a huge impact on our environment, and has exposed healthcare workers to an unprecedented threat. In this study, we try to assess sleep quality and the development of sleep disorders in health personnel directly dedicated to the care of COVID-19 patients at the height of the pandemic, compared to the general population.
A cross-sectional, anonymized, self-reported questionnaire survey was carried out at the “12 de Octubre” Hospital, in Madrid, Spain, during the outbreak of COVID-19, from March 1st to April 30th 2020. We compared two groups, healthcare workers who have treated directly COVID-19 patients versus non-healthcare workers. The questionnaire included demographic data, sleep related aspects, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and 17-items Hamilton Rating Scale (HRS).
In total 170 participants completed the questionnaire successfully, 100 healthcare workers and 70 non-healthcare workers. Self-reported insomnia, nightmares, sleepwalking, sleep terrors and PSQI>6 were more frequent in the healthcare group (p < 0,05). Shift work was associated to greater risk when performing multiple logistic regression analysis.
We observed that, during the outbreak of COVID-19, healthcare workers on the front line developed more sleep disturbances than non-healthcare professionals, and they had worse quality of sleep. Special attention should be paid to shift workers. Concrete protection and prevention measures for particularly exposed population should be considered in pandemic situations.
•Health care workers dealing with COVID-19 patients show poorer sleep quality and higher incidence of self-reported insomnia.•Higher incidence of nightmares, sleepwalking and sleep terrors, is also shown in this group.•Shift work may encourage the emergence of these symptoms.•Special protection measures for particularly exposed groups should be considered in health threatening circumstances.
OBJECTIVETo report 3 patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who developed generalized myoclonus.
METHODSPatient data were obtained from medical records ...from the University Hospital “12 de Octubre,” Madrid, Spain.
RESULTSThree patients (2 men and 1 woman, aged 63–88 years) presented with mild hypersomnia and generalized myoclonus following the onset of the so-called inflammatory phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). All of them had presented previously with anosmia. Myoclonus was generalized with both positive and negative jerks, predominantly involving the facial, trapezius, sternocleidomastoid, and upper extremities muscles. These myoclonic jerks occurred spontaneously and were extremely sensitive to multisensory stimuli (auditive and tactile) or voluntary movements, with an exaggerated startle response. Other causes of myoclonus were ruled out, and none of the patients had undergone respiratory arrest or significant prolonged hypoxia. All of them improved, at least partially, with immunotherapy.
CONCLUSIONSOur 3 cases highlight the occurrence of myoclonus during the COVID-19 pandemic as a post- or para-infectious immune-mediated disorder. However, we cannot rule out that SARS-CoV-2 may spread transneuronally to first- and second-order structures connected with the olfactory bulb. Further investigation is required to clarify the full clinical spectrum of neurologic symptoms and optimal treatment.
The 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (10-item CD-RISC) is an instrument for measuring resilience that has shown good psychometric properties in its original version in English. The aim of ...this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the 10-item CD-RISC in young adults and to verify whether it is structured in a single dimension as in the original English version.
Cross-sectional observational study including 681 university students ranging in age from 18 to 30 years. The number of latent factors in the 10 items of the scale was analyzed by exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to verify whether a single factor underlies the 10 items of the scale as in the original version in English. The convergent validity was analyzed by testing whether the mean of the scores of the mental component of SF-12 (MCS) and the quality of sleep as measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Index (PSQI) were higher in subjects with better levels of resilience. The internal consistency of the 10-item CD-RISC was estimated using the Cronbach α test and test-retest reliability was estimated with the intraclass correlation coefficient.The Cronbach α coefficient was 0.85 and the test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.71. The mean MCS score and the level of quality of sleep in both men and women were significantly worse in subjects with lower resilience scores.
The Spanish version of the 10-item CD-RISC showed good psychometric properties in young adults and thus can be used as a reliable and valid instrument for measuring resilience. Our study confirmed that a single factor underlies the resilience construct, as was the case of the original scale in English.
To evaluate Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) as a sepsis prognostic biomarker.
203 septic patients admitted to the ICU. Analysis of RDW dynamics, hospital mortality discrimination ability and ...the added value when incorporated to the SOFA, LODS, SAPS-II and APACHE-II scores using the AUC-ROC.
Non-survivors presented higher RDW values during the first week after ICU admission (p = 0.048). Only SOFA and RDW were independently associated with mortality when adjusted by Charlson, immunosuppression, nosocomial infection, NEWS2, SAPS-II, septic shock and haemoglobin (p < 0.05). After adjustment, AUC-ROC was 0.827, 0.822, 0.824, 0.834 and 0.812 for each model including admission, 24, 48 and 72-h and 7-days RDW, respectively. When added to the scores, 24-h RDW and admission RDW improved their discrimination ability (SOFA AUC-ROC = 0.772 vs 0.812 SOFA + admission RDW, p = 0.041; LODS AUC-ROC = 0.687 vs 0.710, p = 0.002; SAPS-II AUC-ROC = 0.734 vs 0.785, p = 0.021; APACHE-II AUC-ROC = 0.672 vs 0.755, p = 0.003). Admission RDW with SOFA presented the better discrimination ability for mortality.
RDW is an independent prognostic marker of death in septic patients admitted in the ICU that improves SOFA, LODS, APACHE-II and SAPS-II discrimination ability. This parameter could be incorporated to the prognostic scores as a marker of systemic dysfunction and dysregulated inflammatory response.
•During the first week after ICU admission, non-survivors septic patients presented higher RDW.•Along with SOFA, RDW was the only independently factor associated with mortality after adjustment.•When added to the prognostic scores, 24-hoursh RDW and mostly admission RDW improved their discrimination ability.•RDW is an available parameter that reflects the dysregulated inflammatory response and systemic dysfunction.
Contexto: El aprovisionamiento es cada vez más importante desde el punto de vista estratégico de las organizaciones, lo que ha generado diferentes tendencias para su gestión. La reflexión académica ...de su evolución, partiendo de un enfoque tradicional, cuyo único criterio de decisión es el coste, hasta llegar a un nivel de cooperación estratégica, invita a una mirada integral de esta función en el contexto de la gestión de la cadena de suministros.
Método: A partir de la revisión de documentos académicos, se recopila información clave catalogándola en los tópicos de antecedentes, estado actual y tendencias de la función de aprovisionamiento, los cuales orientan la reflexión de los autores.
Resultados: Entre los hallazgos de esta reflexión están la necesidad de transformación de los procesos y de mejoramiento de las relaciones con los proveedores, proyectando alianzas de largo plazo; la digitalización y su influencia en la forma en que se llevan a cabo las transacciones, la vigencia del análisis de la cartera de compras dentro de los modelos de madurez, la integración manifiesta en la cofabricación y en los retos de sostenibilidad y de recuperación de valor.
Conclusiones: Dada la importancia estratégica de la función de aprovisionamientos para alcanzar los niveles de competitividad propuestos por las organizaciones, desde el ámbito académico debe constituir un tema de reflexión y de investigación permanente, especialmente en lo respecta a la digitalización, la cadena de suministro dinámica y la sostenibilidad. En este contexto, este documento orienta la reflexión sobre los avances en la gestión de esta función y recopila algunas de las posibilidades de investigación futura en el área.
Background. The community outbreak of legionnaires disease that occurred in Murcia, Spain, in July 2001—to our knowledge, the largest such outbreak ever reported—afforded an unusual opportunity to ...compare the clinical response of patients with Legionella pneumonia treated with levofloxacin with that of patients treated with macrolides and to determine the role of rifampicin combined with levofloxacin in treating severe legionellosis. Methods. An observational, prospective, nonrandomized study was conducted involving 292 patients seen at our hospital (Hospital “J. M. Morales Meseguer”; Murcia, Spain) who received a diagnosis of Legionella pneumonia during the Murcia outbreak. To compare both antibiotic regimens (macrolides vs. levofloxacin), patients were stratified by the severity of pneumonia. Duration of fever, clinical outcome, complications, side effects, and length of hospital stay were recorded. To assess the potential effects of adjuvant therapy with rifampicin, 45 case patients treated with levofloxacin plus rifampicin were evaluated and compared with 45 control pairs who were treated with levofloxacin alone. Results. With the exception of 2 patients who died, all patients were cured. There were no significant differences between treatment groups in clinical outcome for patients with mild-to-moderate pneumonia. Nevertheless, in patients with severe pneumonia, levofloxacin exerted superior activity; it was associated with fewer complications (3.4% of patients receiving levofloxacin experienced complications, compared with 27.2% of patients receiving macrolides; P =.02) and shorter mean hospital stays (5.5 vs. 11.3 days; P =.04). Addition of rifampicin to the treatment regimen for patients receiveing levofloxacin for severe pneumonia provides no additional benefit. Conclusions. Our findings strongly suggest that monotherapy with levofloxacin is a safe and effective treatment for legionnaires disease, including in patients with severe disease. In these patients, levofloxacin appears to be more effective than clarithromycin.
Identifying the relative importance of human and environmental drivers on fire occurrence in different regions and scales is critical for a sound fire management. Nevertheless, studies analyzing fire ...occurrence spatial patterns at multiple scales, covering the regional to national levels at multiple spatial resolutions, both in the fire occurrence drivers and in fire density, are very scarce. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of studies that analyze the spatial stationarity in the relationships of fire occurrence and its drivers at multiple scales.
The current study aimed at predicting the spatial patterns of fire occurrence at regional and national levels in Mexico, utilizing geographically weighted regression (GWR) to predict fire density, calculated with two different approaches –regular grid density and kernel density – at spatial resolutions from 5 to 50 km, both in the dependent and in the independent human and environmental candidate variables.
A better performance of GWR, both in goodness of fit and residual correlation reduction, was observed for prediction of kernel density as opposed to regular grid density. Our study is, to our best knowledge, the first study utilizing GWR to predict fire kernel density, and the first study to utilize GWR considering multiple scales, both in the dependent and independent variables. GWR models goodness of fit increased with fire kernel density search radius (bandwidths), but saturation in predictive capacity was apparent at 15–20 km for most regions. This suggests that this scale has a good potential for operational use in fire prevention and suppression decision-making as a compromise between predictive capability and spatial detail in fire occurrence predictions. This result might be a consequence of the specific spatial patterns of fire occurrence in Mexico and should be analyzed in future studies replicating this methodology elsewhere.
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•Fire occurrence was predicted with GWR for kernel and regular grid density.•Human factors and aboveground vegetation carbon density influenced fire occurrence.•GWR model accuracy was higher for kernel density compared to regular grid.•Best compromise between model accuracy and spatial detail was obtained at 15–20 km.
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