Privacy and security are often seen as opposites in a zero-sum game. The more you want from one, the less you get from the other. To overcome this dilemma the PRISE project (EU-funded by PASR/DG ...Enterprise) developed a methodology to establish sets of criteria for privacy enhancing security technologies. These sets of criteria are applicable on different levels (research, development, implementation) and by different actors (research coordinators, industry, policy-makers, public and private users). The use of these criteria is intended to contribute directly to a tangible and demonstrable improvement in security as accepted and acceptable security technologies will be more easily implemented, more widely used and confronted with less rejection by the general public and users of these technologies. A similar set of criteria is used for certification for the European Privacy Seal. Both the privacy by design approach and the certification scheme should increase the competitiveness of European security industries by providing guidance on the provision of widely acceptable security technologies.
Modern societies are vulnerable. We have known this long before the attacks of September 11, but they made it clear to everyone. The second lesson learned was that it is impossible to foresee such ...events. Although these attacks to the real world were 'low-tech', now there are attempts around the globe to control especially the electronic or virtual world. However, does more surveillance really lead to more security? If so, what will be the price we have to pay? This paper gives an overview over what happened on a governmental level after September 11 in the EU, in some EU-member states and in the USA. Apart from political actions, we already face even direct socio-economic implications as some anonymizer services were shut down. They empowered Internet users to protect their right of privacy, and they were the first targets of investigation and suspicion. Shutting down these services reduces the potential room of users to protect their privacy by using privacy enhancing technologies (PETs). This is an indicator for a serious societal problem: democracy already has changed. In a second part this paper analyses the relationship between surveillance and security. It is argued that, the international over-reactions will not lead to the intended effects. Rather, they will have long-term implications for the respective societies.
Introduction Čas, Johann; Bellanova, Rocco; Burgess, J. Peter ...
Surveillance, Privacy and Security,
2017, Volume:
1
Book Chapter
This introduction presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in the subsequent chapters of this book. The book nurtures a debate that challenges the assumption that more security requires ...less privacy, and that more surveillance necessarily implies more security. In modern societies, surveillance is progressively emerging as a key governing technique of state authorities, corporations and individuals: 'the focused, systematic and routine attention to personal details for purposes of influence, management, protection or direction'. The underlying rationale supporting data-driven security practice is that the harvesting of personal and meta-data would permit authorities to intervene in a targeted and intelligence-led fashion: focusing their attention and their resources on emerging threats and possibly disrupting them before their occurrence. Three FP7 Security Research projects (PRISMS, PACT and SurPRISE) have addressed these and related questions. The main aims of the projects were to better understand the relation between surveillance, security and privacy, to inform policy-making and to support decision making.
Long-term planning with a time-horizon beyond 20 to 30 years is an established element of policymaking in some core fields such as certain infrastructure policies, and is a substantial principle of ...sustainable development. At the same time short- and medium-term planning is much more usual in the search for ad-hoc solutions to environmental, economic and social challenges. Economic actors apply flexible policies and use short-term opportunities for their profit. Environmental and social problems also sometimes imply short-term solutions for the survival of a system in acute danger. This creates a paradoxical situation: the society in question needs to define long-term targets for its infrastructure and achieves systematic changes pursuing those, but the necessary short-term actions and flexibility applied to stay functionable might not be in line with longterm goals. If this apparent paradox cannot be solved through an appropriate governance method, it might lead to a conflict between different policy goals. The concept of reflexive governance for transition management tries to solve this apparent paradox and combines a number of short-term planning processes in a stagewise and reflexive way to create a more comprehensive and innovative process of long-term planning for a sustainable development. Future-oriented analyses and forward-looking activities are a fix element at each stage. This contribution points out some key questions for a flexible long-term planning process within the framework of sustainable development. The main challenge is how different knowledge types such as citizens' visions and experts' recommendations can be integrated into long-term planning in order to support an interactive decision-making process that considers a broader basis of information. CIVISTI, an innovative forward-looking approach, addresses this challenge. The CIVISTI method has been developed during the recent EUproject on Citizen Visions on Science, Technology and Innovation (CIVISTI 2008-2011). In this paper we introduce and discuss this method as a reflexive instrument for integrating different types of knowledge and creating a bridge between short- and long-term planning.
Digitizing, Minimizing and Networking are the prerequisites for the evolving Information-Society, whose most attracting features are gathering, storing, linking and providing of enormous amounts of ...data. Best-known advantages are easy communication via e-Mail, easy access to information via Internet, comfortable services in e-Commerce and e-Government. On the other hand there are substantial dangers for privacy coming along with these developments. This paper shows basic technological developments, different actors and their use of personal data and deals with short and long-term effects of detraction of privacy. Special emphasis is given to the analysis of existing trade-offs between efficiency and security on the one hand and privacy on the other. Based on existing privacy regulations some recommendations for further policy actions are given. -- Digitalisierung, Minia-turisierung und Vernetzung haben die Voraussetzungen für eine Informationsgesellschaft geschaffen, die durch Sammlung, Speicherung und Verknüpfung enormer Datenmengen und deren breite Verfügbarkeit gekennzeichnet ist. Das schafft für die meisten Staatsbürger erhebliche Vorteile, die durch Schlagworte wie e-Mail, Internet, e-Commerce, aber auch elektronische Erledigung von Behördenwegen umschrieben werden können. Die verfügbaren Datenmassen entfalten aber auch ein Eigenleben, das in die Privatsphäre der meisten Staatsbürger in vielfacher Weise eingreift; den meisten ist gar nicht bewusst, wieviel Informationen über sie verfügbar sind und z.T. auch gehandelt wer-den. Im Folgenden sollen zunächst die neuen technischen Möglichkeiten der Informationssammlung, -speicherung und -verknüpfung beschrieben werden; es wird aufgezeigt, welche dieser neuen Möglichkeiten vom wem genutzt werden, und mit welchen Konsequenzen. Dann wird das Janusgesicht der Informationsgesellschaft herausgearbeitet, die kritische Austauschbeziehung zwischen Effizienz und Sicherheit auf der einen Seite, die durch die intensive Informationssammlung und -verarbeitung überhaupt erst ermöglicht wird, und dem daraus resultierenden z.T. tiefen Eindringen in die Privatsphäre auf der anderen. Aus einer Diskussion der bestehenden Datenschutzbestimmungen wird versucht, erste Ansatzpunkte für Lösungen abzuleiten. Das stößt auf zahlreiche Schwierigkeiten: Die Dynamik des Sektors, ein in weiten Bereichen noch mangelndes Problembewusstsein, international erheblich differierende Vorstellungen über Art und Umfang der Schutzbedürftigkeit, aber auch die Tatsache, dass es einer ausgewogenen Kombination gesetzlicher Maßnahmen mit Selbstbeschränkung, also bewusstem Verzicht der Nutzer auf manchen Komfort bedarf.
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