Sequence capture of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) associated with massively parallel sequencing has become a common source of nuclear data for studies of animal systematics and phylogeography. ...However, mitochondrial and microsatellite variation are still commonly used in various kinds of molecular studies, and probably will complement genomic data in years to come. Here we show that besides providing abundant genomic data, UCE sequencing is an excellent source of both sequences for microsatellite loci design and complete mitochondrial genomes with high sequencing depth. Identification of dozens of microsatellite loci and assembly of complete mitogenomes is exemplified here using three species of Poospiza warbling finches from southern and southeastern Brazil. This strategy opens exciting opportunities to simultaneously analyze genome-wide nuclear datasets and traditionally used mtDNA and microsatellite markers in non-model amniotes at no additional cost.
•A database of RC beams strengthened in shear with FRCM composites is developed.•FRCM composites provide increase in the shear strength of RC beams of 3%–195%.•Possible internal-external transverse ...reinforcement interaction is observed.•Different failure modes are observed depending on the strengthening configuration.•Further work is needed to develop more accurate and reliable design models.
This paper summarizes the state of research on the topic of shear strengthening of RC beams using externally bonded FRCM composites. In the first part of this paper, a detailed bibliographical review of the literature on the shear strengthening of RC beams using FRCM composites is carried out, and a database of experimental tests is developed. Analysis of the database shows that FRCM composites are able to increase the shear strength of RC beams. The effectiveness of the strengthening system appears to be influenced by parameters including the wrapping configuration, matrix compressive strength relative to the concrete compressive strength, and axial rigidity of the fibers. Different failure modes have been reported, including fracture of the fibers, detachment of the FRCM jacket (with or without concrete attached), and slippage of the fibers through the mortar. A possible interaction between the internal transverse steel reinforcement and the FRCM system has also been observed. In the second part of this paper, four design models proposed to predict the contribution of the FRCM composite to the shear strength of RC beams are assessed using the database developed. Results show that the use of the properties of the FRCM composite in Models 3 and 4 instead of the fiber mechanical characteristics does not significantly increase the accuracy of the models. A simple formulation such as that proposed by Model 1, based on the bare fiber properties, is found to be more accurate for beams with or without composite detachment.
Abstract
We present photometric and spectroscopic observations of SN 2020bio, a double-peaked Type IIb supernova (SN) discovered within a day of explosion, primarily obtained by Las Cumbres ...Observatory and Swift. SN 2020bio displays a rapid and long-lasting initial decline throughout the first week of its light curve, similarly to other well-studied Type IIb SNe. This early-time emission is thought to originate from the cooling of the extended outer hydrogen-rich (H-rich) envelope of the progenitor star that is shock heated by the SN explosion. We compare SN 2020bio to a sample of other double-peaked Type IIb SNe in order to investigate its progenitor properties. Analytical model fits to the early-time emission give progenitor radius (≈100–1500
R
⊙
) and H-rich envelope mass (≈0.01–0.5
M
⊙
) estimates that are consistent with other Type IIb SNe. However, SN 2020bio displays several peculiarities, including (1) weak H spectral features indicating a greater amount of mass loss than other Type IIb progenitors; (2) an underluminous secondary light-curve peak that implies a small amount of synthesized
56
Ni (
M
Ni
≈0.02
M
⊙
); and (3) low-luminosity nebular O
i
and interaction-powered nebular features. These observations are more consistent with a lower-mass progenitor (
M
ZAMS
≈ 12
M
⊙
) that was stripped of most of its H-rich envelope before exploding. This study adds to the growing diversity in the observed properties of Type IIb SNe and their progenitors.
Fiber reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composites represent a promising alternative to the use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composites for strengthening existing structures. FRCM composites ...are comprised of a high-strength fiber net (textile) embedded within an inorganic matrix, which is responsible of the stress-transfer between the composite and the substrate. FRCM composites comprising one layer of fiber are generally reported to fail due to debonding of the fibers from the embedding matrix. However, depending on the FRCM material employed, failure at the matrix-substrate interface, interlaminar (delamination) of the matrix, and fiber rupture may also occur. When stitch-bonded textiles are employed, i.e. textiles where longitudinal and transversal bundles are firmly connected, the interlocking between fibers and matrix plays a key role in the matrix-fiber stress-transfer mechanism and failure generally occurs due to cracking of the matrix.
In this paper, the bond behavior of FRCM-masonry joints comprising one layer of a carbon stitch-bonded textile embedded within a lime-based matrix is studied by means of single-lap direct-shear tests of FRCM-masonry joints. A mesoscale three-dimensional finite element approach, which accounts for the matrix-fiber bond behavior and matrix-textile interlocking, is adopted to study the formation and propagation of the matrix cracks in the FRCM strip that eventually led to failure of the FRCM-masonry joints. The finite element analysis was carried out by using a dynamic explicit approach, which allowed for overcoming convergence difficulties associated with severe nonlinearities of the model.
The incidence density trend of the carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria was analysed in device-associated infections and antimicrobial consumption in 99 critical care facilities in a ...low/middle-income country, between January 2019 and December 2020. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) per 1000 patient-days increased in 2020 and this finding had a strong positive correlation with the incidence density of COVID-19 by the Spearman test. Polymyxin consumption also increased in 2020 but without significant correlation with CRAB or COVID-19 incidence density, presumably due to empirical and untargeted prescribing as a consequence of concern about CRAB infections. These findings are a warning to infection control programmes and antimicrobial stewardship.
III-V semiconductor compounds are increasingly attracting attention as promising candidates for serving as channel materials, especially in the development of contact recovery for sub-10 nm ...metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFETs) devices or photonic applications. To contribute to this research, the Ni–InGaAs contact was formed by a solid-state reaction between Ni and a (In
0.53
Ga
0.47
)As layer after heat treatment at 550 °C by a rapid thermal annealing. Atom Probe Tomography (APT) analyses were carried out to study the distribution of elements in the intermetallic phases formed. It was found that at this high temperature, an As-rich phase and a Ga-rich phase are formed simultaneously. The co-existence of these two new phases reveals the occurrence of chemical diffusion and decomposition processes at the Ni–InGaAs interface. These results provide insights into the formation of the As-rich and Ga-rich phases within the quaternary (Ni–Ga–As–In) system upon annealing at 550 °C.
Graphical abstract
Abstract
Recent technology development in space mission design has raised a demand for space solar cells with a higher level of radiation tolerance as compared with state‐of‐the‐art, commercially ...available products. Therefore, new material systems are being investigated. Recently, we highlighted the superior radiation tolerance of GaInAsP solar cells to 1 MeV electron irradiation as compared with standard GaAs solar cells. A high InP fraction within this semiconductor compound was found to foster the regeneration rate of electron‐induced defects when the solar cells were annealed at 60°C under AM0 illumination, which are typical space‐operating conditions. In light of considering this material system in future radiation‐hard designs, the degradation of GaInAsP solar cells subjected to proton irradiation also needs to be investigated. Here, we report on the degradation and regeneration of GaInAsP solar cells lattice‐matched to InP substrates after 1 MeV proton irradiation. A detailed description of the radiation damage is achieved by solar cell numerical modeling combined with deep‐level transient spectroscopy analysis. The irradiation‐induced defects are quantified, and their evolution during annealing is monitored. The results are compared with the degradation data of similar solar cells obtained after 1 MeV electron irradiation. A slower regeneration rate of the proton‐induced defects is found in comparison with the electron‐induced defects. This difference is ultimately attributed to a different topology of the radiation damage caused by proton irradiation.
KM3NeT will be a network of deep-sea neutrino telescopes in the Mediterranean Sea. The KM3NeT/ARCA detector, to be installed at the Capo Passero site (Italy), is optimised for the detection of ...high-energy neutrinos of cosmic origin. Thanks to its geographical location on the Northern hemisphere, KM3NeT/ARCA can observe upgoing neutrinos from most of the Galactic Plane, including the Galactic Centre. Given its effective area and excellent pointing resolution, KM3NeT/ARCA will measure or significantly constrain the neutrino flux from potential astrophysical neutrino sources. At the same time, it will test flux predictions based on gamma-ray measurements and the assumption that the gamma-ray flux is of hadronic origin. Assuming this scenario, discovery potentials and sensitivities for a selected list of Galactic sources and to generic point sources with an E−2 spectrum are presented. These spectra are assumed to be time independent. The results indicate that an observation with 3σ significance is possible in about six years of operation for the most intense sources, such as Supernovae Remnants RX J1713.7-3946 and Vela Jr. If no signal will be found during this time, the fraction of the gamma-ray flux coming from hadronic processes can be constrained to be below 50% for these two objects.
A search for muon neutrinos originating from dark matter annihilations in the Sun is performed using the data recorded by the ANTARES neutrino telescope from 2007 to 2012. In order to obtain the best ...possible sensitivities to dark matter signals, an optimisation of the event selection criteria is performed taking into account the background of atmospheric muons, atmospheric neutrinos and the energy spectra of the expected neutrino signals. No significant excess over the background is observed and 90% C.L. upper limits on the neutrino flux, the spin-dependent and spin-independent WIMP-nucleon cross-sections are derived for WIMP masses ranging from 50 GeV to 5 TeV for the annihilation channels WIMP+WIMP→bb¯,W+W− and τ+τ−.
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