Abstract
This article introduces in detail the typical problems that exist in digital transformation of manufacturing enterprises. It describes the specific methods and strategies for manufacturing ...enterprises to achieve digital transformation from two aspects: the application of digital resources outside the enterprises and the internal value chain throughout the enterprise. Combined with the implementation case of a specific manufacturing enterprise, it demonstrates the process of the enterprise’s digital transformation.
Panax ginseng is a well-known medicinal plant worldwide. As an herbal medicine, ginseng is also known for its long lifecycle, which can reach several decades. WRKY proteins play regulatory roles in ...many aspects of biological processes in plants, such as responses to biotic or abiotic stress, plant development, and adaptation to environmental challenges. Genome-wide analyses of WRKY genes in P. ginseng have not been reported. In this study, 137 PgWRKY genes were identified from the ginseng genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the PgWRKYs could be clustered into three primary groups and five subgroups. Most of the PgWRKY gene promoters contained several kinds of hormone- and stress-related cis-regulatory elements. The expression patterns of PgWRKY genes in 14 different tissues were analyzed based on the available public RNA-seq data. The responses of the PgWRKY genes to heat, cold, salt and drought treatment were also investigated. Most of the PgWRKY genes were expressed differently after heat treatment, and expression trends changed significantly under drought and cold treatment but only slightly under salt treatment. The coexpression analysis of PgWRKY genes with the ginsenoside biosynthesis pathway genes identified 11 PgWRKYs that may have a potential regulatory role in the biosynthesis process of ginsenoside. This work provides insights into the evolution, modulation and distribution of the WRKY gene family in ginseng and extends our knowledge of the molecular basis along with modulatory mechanisms of WRKY transcription factors in ginsenoside biosynthesis.
The Cu2O/ZnTi-LDH (Cu2O/LDH) composite was synthesized via Cu-doping into the ZnTi-LDH followed by in-situ reduction strategy for Cr(VI) reduction and tetracycline (TC) degradation under ...visible-light, where the Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs) were homogeneously embedded onto the LDH host layers through in-situ reducing the Cu-doped ZnTi-LDH (CuZnTi-LDH). The optical, photoelectric and photocatalytic performances of the Cu2O/LDH could be adjusted by changing the Cu-doping amount in the CuZnTi-LDH. As expected, the optimal Cu2O/LDH0.10 exhibited high photocatalytic activities for the Cr(VI) reduction (95.5% Cr(VI) removal) and TC degradation (71.6% TC removal) after 120 min. Based on the experimental and density functional theory (DFT) calculation results, a possible p-n heterostructure formation between Cu2O and ZnTi-LDH as well as the transfer route of photogenerated electron-hole pairs toward for Cr(VI) reduction and TC degradation were proposed. This work may provide a rational and facile strategy for improving the LDH-based materials in catalytic oxidation-reduction reactions.
The schematic diagram of the evolution process of the Cu2O/ZnTi-LDH, and photocatalytic of Cr(VI) reduction and TC degradation under visible-light. Display omitted
•Cu2O NPs were evenly embedded onto the LDH host layers by in-situ reduction strategy.•Cu2O self-photooxidation was restrained due to the high dispersion of Cu2O NPs.•The p-n heterostructure provided a new path for transfer and separation of electron-hole pairs.•Cu2O/ZnTi-LDH displayed excellent Cr(VI) reduction and TC degradation performances.
(
) is one of the most used traditional Chinese herbal medicines, with its roots being used as the main common medicinal parts; its therapeutic potential has garnered significant attention.
(
) is a ...family of early auxin-responsive genes capable of regulating root development in plants through the auxin signaling pathway. In the present study, 84
genes were identified from the ginseng genome and their complexity and diversity were determined through their protein domains, phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, and cis-acting element predictions. Phylogenetic analyses classified PgIAA into six subgroups, with members in the same group showing greater sequence similarity. Analyses of interspecific collinearity suggest that segmental duplications likely drove the evolution of
genes, followed by purifying selection. An analysis of cis-regulatory elements suggested that
family genes may be involved in the regulation of plant hormones. RNA-seq data show that the expression pattern of
genes in
is tissue-specific, and
and
are specifically highly expressed in lateral, fibrous, and arm roots, suggesting their potential function in root development. The
overexpression lines exhibited an inhibition of lateral root growth in
. In addition, yeast two-hybrid and subcellular localization experiments showed that PgIAA02 interacted with PgARF22/PgARF36 (ARF: auxin response factor) in the nucleus and participated in the biological process of root development. The above results lay the foundation for an in-depth study of Aux/IAA and provide preliminary information for further research on the role of the
gene family in the root development of
.
Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a common condition that affects 10% population in the United States (US). The relationship between thiamine and riboflavin intake and KSD has not been well-studied. We ...aimed to investigate the prevalence of KSD and the association between dietary thiamine and riboflavin intake with KSD in the US population.
This large-scale, cross-sectional study included subjects from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. KSD and dietary intake were collected from questionnaires and 24-hour recall interviews. Logistic regression and sensitivity analyses were performed to investigate the association.
This study included 26,786 adult participants with a mean age of 50.12 ± 17.61 years old. The prevalence of KSD was 9.62%. After adjusting for all potential covariates, we found that higher riboflavin intake was negatively related to KSD compared with dietary intake of riboflavin < 2 mg/day in the fully-adjusted model (OR = 0.541, 95% CI = 0.368 to 0.795, P = 0.002). After stratifying by gender and age, we found that the impact of riboflavin on KSD still existed in all age subgroups (P < 0.05) but only in males (P = 0.001). No such associations were found between dietary intake of thiamine and KSD in any of the subgroups.
Our study suggested that a high intake of riboflavin is independently inversely associated with kidney stones, especially in male population. No association was found between dietary intake of thiamine and KSD. Further studies are needed to confirm our results and explore the causal relationships.
As the top emitter of carbon dioxide worldwide, China faces a considerable challenge in reducing carbon emissions to combat global warming. Carbon emissions from coal consumption is the primary ...source of carbon dioxide emissions in China. The decomposition of the driving factors and the quantification of regions and industries needs further research. Thus, this paper decomposed five driving factors affecting carbon emissions from coal consumption in China, namely, carbon emission intensity, energy structure, energy intensity, economic output, and population scale, by constructing a Kaya-Logarithmic Mean Divisia Index (Kaya-LMDI) decomposition model with data on coal consumption in China from 1997 to 2019. It was revealed that the economic output and energy intensity effects are major drivers and inhibitors of carbon emissions from coal consumption in China, respectively. The contribution and impact of these driving factors on carbon emissions from coal consumption were analyzed for different regions and industrial sectors. The results showed that carbon emissions from coal consumption increased by 3211.92 million tons from 1997 to 2019. From a regional perspective, Hebei Province has the most significant impact on carbon emissions from coal consumption due to the effect of economic output. Additionally, the industrial sector had the most pronounced influence on carbon emissions from coal consumption due to the economic output effect. Finally, a series of measures to reduce carbon emissions including controlling the total coal consumption, improving the utilization rate of clean energy, and optimizing the energy structure is proposed based on China’s actual development.
Although treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors provides promising benefit for patients with cancer, optimal use is encumbered by high resistance rates and requires a thorough understanding of ...resistance mechanisms. We observed that tumors treated with PD-1/PD-L1 blocking antibodies develop resistance through the upregulation of CD38, which is induced by all-trans retinoic acid and IFNβ in the tumor microenvironment.
and
studies demonstrate that CD38 inhibits CD8
T-cell function via adenosine receptor signaling and that CD38 or adenosine receptor blockade are effective strategies to overcome the resistance. Large data sets of human tumors reveal expression of CD38 in a subset of tumors with high levels of basal or treatment-induced T-cell infiltration, where immune checkpoint therapies are thought to be most effective. These findings provide a novel mechanism of acquired resistance to immune checkpoint therapy and an opportunity to expand their efficacy in cancer treatment.
CD38 is a major mechanism of acquired resistance to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, causing CD8
T-cell suppression. Coinhibition of CD38 and PD-L1 improves antitumor immune response. Biomarker assessment in patient cohorts suggests that a combination strategy is applicable to a large percentage of patients in whom PD-1/PD-L1 blockade is currently indicated.
.
Double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most deleterious DNA lesions, which, if left unrepaired, may lead to genome instability or cell death. Here, we report that, in response to DSBs, the RNA ...methyltransferase METTL3 is activated by ATM-mediated phosphorylation at S43. Phosphorylated METTL3 is then localized to DNA damage sites, where it methylates the N6 position of adenosine (m6A) in DNA damage-associated RNAs, which recruits the m6A reader protein YTHDC1 for protection. In this way, the METTL3-m6A-YTHDC1 axis modulates accumulation of DNA-RNA hybrids at DSBs sites, which then recruit RAD51 and BRCA1 for homologous recombination (HR)-mediated repair. METTL3-deficient cells display defective HR, accumulation of unrepaired DSBs, and genome instability. Accordingly, depletion of METTL3 significantly enhances the sensitivity of cancer cells and murine xenografts to DNA damage-based therapy. These findings uncover the function of METTL3 and YTHDC1 in HR-mediated DSB repair, which may have implications for cancer therapy.
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•METTL3 is phosphorylated at S43 by ATM and localized to DSB sites•m6A-modifed RNA by METTL3 is enriched at DSBs that recruit YTHDC1 for protection•METTL3-m6A-YTHDC1 axis increases accumulation of DNA-RNA hybrids at DSBs•METTL3 deficiency sensitizes cancers to chemo and/or radiotherapy
Zhang et al. find that METTL3 is phosphorylated by ATM at S43 and recruited to DSBs, where it catalyzes m6A modification on DNA damage-associated RNA, which is recognized and protected by YTHDC1. Thus, the METTL3-m6A-YTHDC1 axis increases accumulation of DNA-RNA hybrids at DSBs that recruit RAD51 and BRCA1 for HR-mediated DSBR.
Panax ginseng is a perennial herb and one of the most widely used traditional medicines in China. During its long growth period, it is affected by various environmental factors. Past studies have ...shown that growth-regulating factors (GRFs) and GRF-interacting factors (GIFs) are involved in regulating plant growth and development, responding to environmental stress, and responding to the induction of exogenous hormones. However, GRF and GIF transcription factors in ginseng have not been reported.
In this study, 20 GRF gene members of ginseng were systematically identified and found to be distributed on 13 chromosomes. The ginseng GIF gene family has only ten members, which are distributed on ten chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis divided these PgGRFs into six clades and PgGIFs into two clades. In total, 18 of the 20 PgGRFs and eight of the ten PgGIFs are segmental duplications. Most PgGRF and PgGIF gene promoters contain some hormone- and stress- related cis-regulatory elements. Based on the available public RNA-Seq data, the expression patterns of PgGRF and PgGIF genes were analysed from 14 different tissues. The responses of the PgGRF gene to different hormones (6-BA, ABA, GA3, IAA) and abiotic stresses (cold, heat, drought, and salt) were studied. The expression of the PgGRF gene was significantly upregulated under GA3 induction and three weeks of heat treatment. The expression level of the PgGIF gene changed only slightly after one week of heat treatment.
The results of this study may be helpful for further study of the function of PgGRF and PgGIF genes and lay a foundation for further study of their role in the growth and development of Panax ginseng.
Polypyrrole-decorated BiOBr composites (BiOBr/PPy) were synthesized by in-situ polymerizations, which exhibited an excellent catalytic performance in visible-light driven Cr(VI) reduction and ...degradation of dye methylene blue (MB). PPy not only acted as a photosensitizer to harvest more photon for photocatalysis, but also an electric conductor for accelerating the transfer and separation of e−-h+ pairs. In the as-prepared composites, the BiOBr/PPy1.5 presented the excellent photocatalytic activity, which could achieve nearly 100 % removal efficiencies for the Cr(VI) reduction after 40 min and MB degradation within 50 min. The enhanced photocatalytic performance was ascribed to the decorating of PPy on BiOBr for maximizing the light absorption, migration and separation of photogenerated e−-h+ pairs. Moreover, the possible photocatalytic mechanisms were put forward for Cr(VI) reduction and MB degradation over the BiOBr/PPy, respectively. The photogenerated electrons of PPy were readily transferred to BiOBr, and the photogenerated holes kept in PPy, resulting in a significant enhancement of the photocatalytic activity. Such designed structure offered a new way to construct a spatial separation system of charge carriers for high-efficient photocatalysts in environmental remediation.
In this study, the BiOBr/PPy composites were synthesized by in-situ polymerizations, which showed the highest photocatalytic performance in Cr(VI) reduction (nearly100 % in 40 min) and MB degradation (100 % in 50 min) under visible-light. Display omitted
•An efficient and stable BiOBr/PPy composite photocatalyst was fabricated.•Boosting the separation efficiency of of e−-h+ pairs was achieved by coupling BiOBr with PPy.•Cr(VI) reduction or MB degradation is achieved by BiOBr/PPy under visible-light.•The optimal BiOBr/PPy showed the excellent photo-oxidation/reduction activity.
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