V članku so predstavljeni rezultati rentgenske spektroskopije ročajev štirih polnoročajnih bronastih mečev starejše železnodobne dolenjske skupine. Rentgenski posnetek ročaja meča iz ...Podzemlja (8. st. pr. n. št.) dokazuje, da so ga priložili v grob po najmanj dveh popravilih. Trn antenskega meča z Vinjega vrha (8. st. pr. n. št.) je bil drugače kot pri podzemeljskem ulit skupaj z ročajem in ni ostanek zaključka rezila. Meč iz Save pri Krškem se po bimetalnosti navezuje na antenske meče iz jugovzhodne Evrope iz 9. oziroma 8. st. pr. n. št. Rentgenski posnetek nakazuje, da je bil bronast ročaj meča ulit neposredno na trnast zaključek železnega rezila. Rezilo meča z Vira pri Stični (7. st. pr. n. št.) se zaključi v spodnjem delu ročaja, kjer je pričvrščeno z zakovicama. V treh luknjicah na osrednjem delu ročaja ni več zakovic za pritrditev rezila. Prvotno rezilo so zamenjali z drugim, le plitvo vdetim v ročaj. Meč ni primeren za sekanje, temveč so ga uporabljali kot vbodni meč.
Poleti leta 1998 so pri urejanju parkirišča na Jelenovem klancu v Kranju izvedli zaščitna izkopavanja. V naravni niši pod konglomeratno steno so naleteli na depo, ki ga sestavlja več kot 400 ...bronastih predmetov – orožje, orodje, nakit, pločevina in ingoti ter železova žlindra in železova ruda. Predmeti v depoju so iz obdobja med 10. in 8. st. pr. n. št., ko so bili verjetno tudi odloženi. Kemična sestava predmetov, predvsem uhatih sekir, v leguri izkazuje razmeroma velike deleže svinca in v nekaj primerih tudi železa. V bližini depoja so v naselbinskih plasteh odkrili številne sočasne keramične najdbe in bronasti igli, nedaleč stran pa je bil tudi sočasen skeletni grob novorojenčka.
Niz kamnitih gomil na severnem kraškem robu je C. Marchesetti v začetku 20. stoletja razložil kot bronastodobne grobne gomile. S. Gabrovec jih je vključil v kaštelirsko kulturo srednje bronaste dobe ...in jih primerjal s podobnimi is- trskimi grobnimi gomilami.
Zaščitna izkopavanja gomile na Ostrem vrhu so l. 1992 razkrila ovalno zgradbo premera 11 m, grajeno v suhozidni tehniki. Obodni zid je bil širok med 1,5 in 2,5 m, v višino pa je bil ohranjen do 1,9 m. V zidu so se ohranile zunanje in notranje niše za nosilne lesene tramove, kar kaže na leseno nadgradnjo kamnite zgradbe, verjetno stolpa. Jama za nosilni tram v osrednjem delu stolpa dokazuje, da je bil tudi nadstrešen. Niz radiokarbonskih datacij kaže na mlajšehalštatsko starost izgradnje in uporabe stolpa.
Verjetno je bila vzdolž severnega kraškega roba zgrajena vrsta stolpov, ki so bili skupaj z nizom manjših, močno utrjenih gradišč namenjeni nadzoru dostopa in obrambi ozemlja centralnih gradišč kraške kulturne skupine med 6. in 4. st. pr. n. št.
This paper presents the results of the analyses of three glass beads from three Bronze Age sites, Medvode-Svetje, Trata near Škofja Loka and Kamna Gorica near Ljubljana. All three sites belong to the ...Oloris-Podsmreka horizon, which covers the Middle and the beginning of the Late Bronze Age (c. second half of the 16th/first half of the 15th century to 12th century BC). The PIXE and PIGE analyses revealed that only two of the examined beads belong to the Bronze Age. The bead from the Medvode-Svetje site is similar to LMHK beads and is most likely an import from the Frattesina production centre in northern Italy, while the bead from the Trata site has similarities with the eastern Mediterranean or even Mesopotamian area HMg glass. The natron glass bead from Kamna Gorica is probably an Iron Age infiltrate in a Bronze Age layer.
People’s ambiguous, ambivalent, non-rational and nonsensical relation towards death is a constant feature throughout the human past. The obvious way of dealing with such a stressful moment in ...personal and community life is guided by tradition – the well-established system of ways and manners of making spiritual meaning that implicitly answers how to go through this difficult period. From the long-term perspective, burying the deceased in pre-established burial grounds is a rather recent phenomenon. We can trace the intentionally arranged cemeteries as a continuous and prevalent way of treating the deceased in today’s Slovenia for no more than the last three millennia, from the Late Bronze Age onwards. The treatment of the deceased was much more diverse before that. From the earliest discoveries of human remains in the territory of Slovenia in the Mesolithic (8th–7th mill. BC) to the Bronze Age (2nd mill. BC), three different major manifestations of treating the remains of the deceased are documented. The first and most numerous was to expose and/or bury the deceased in the caves. The second was keeping the excarnated predecessors’ remains close to the daily life in the settlements. The third was to bury human remains in cemeteries. However, recent research revealed the fourth way of handling the dead – the immersion of their remains in the waters. Only from the Late Bronze Age onwards does burying all the deceased of a given community in communal cemeteries become the dominant custom.
People’s ambiguous, ambivalent, non-rational and nonsensical relation towards death is a constant feature throughout the human past. The obvious way of dealing with such a stressful moment in ...personal and community life is guided by tradition – the well-established system of ways and manners of making spiritual meaning that implicitly answers how to go through this difficult period. From the long-term perspective, burying the deceased in pre-established burial grounds is a rather recent phenomenon. We can trace the intentionally arranged cemeteries as a continuous and prevalent way of treating the deceased in today’s Slovenia for no more than the last three millennia, from the Late Bronze Age onwards. The treatment of the deceased was much more diverse before that. From the earliest discoveries of human remains in the territory of Slovenia in the Mesolithic (8th–7th mill. BC) to the Bronze Age (2nd mill. BC), three different major manifestations of treating the remains of the deceased are documented. The first and most numerous was to expose and/or bury the deceased in the caves. The second was keeping the excarnated predecessors’ remains close to the daily life in the settlements. The third was to bury human remains in cemeteries. However, recent research revealed the fourth way of handling the dead – the immersion of their remains in the waters. Only from the Late Bronze Age onwards does burying all the deceased of a given community in communal cemeteries become the dominant custom.
Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) among AIDS patients has declined both nationwide and in King County, Washington. We sought to ...compare clinical parameters of patients diagnosed with KS in the pre-HAART (1990 to 1996) and HAART (1997 to 2002) eras.
We used patient data abstracted from the Adult/Adolescent Spectrum of HIV-Related Diseases study of Public Health-Seattle and King County.
Patients diagnosed with KS in the HAART era (n = 40) were significantly more likely (P < .05) than pre-HAART-era KS patients (n = 366) to be diagnosed with alcohol problems (43% v 18%), noninjection drug use (45% v 18%), injection drug use (25% v 10%), psychosis (25% v 13%), and hypertension (13% v 2%). Although median CD4(+) count and HIV-1 viral load at the time of KS diagnosis were not significantly different between the two groups, significantly fewer (P < .01) HAART-era KS patients developed opportunistic illnesses (OIs) during their follow-up. The risk of dying among KS patients diagnosed in the HAART era is significantly lower (P < .01) than for KS patients diagnosed in the pre-HAART era (hazard ratio, 0.24).
Although HAART-era KS patients in King County were as likely to have a depleted CD4(+) cell count and high HIV-1 viral loads at the time of KS diagnosis as pre-HAART KS patients, they survived longer and fewer of them were diagnosed with other OIs. They also had an increased prevalence of substance abuse and mental illness, contributing to a dynamic and changing KS clinical profile.
Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy for nodal staging of patients with breast cancer. However, unacceptably high false-negative rates have been ...reported in several studies, raising doubt about the applicability of this technique in widespread surgical practice. Controversy persists regarding the optimal technique for correctly identifying the SLN. Some investigators advocate SLN biopsy using injection of a vital blue dye, others recommend radioactive colloid, and still others recommend the use of both agents together.
A total of 806 patients were enrolled by 99 surgeons. SLN biopsy was performed by single-agent (blue dye alone or radioactive colloid alone) or dual-agent injection at the discretion of the operating surgeon. All patients underwent attempted SLN biopsy followed by completion level I/II axillary lymph node dissection to determine the false-negative rate.
There was no significant difference (86% v 90%) in the SLN identification rate among patients who underwent single- versus dual-agent injection. The false-negative rates were 11.8% and 5.8% for single- versus dual-agent injection, respectively (P <.05). Dual-agent injection resulted in a greater mean number of SLNs identified per patient (2. 1 v 1.5; P <.0001). The SLN identification rate was significantly less for patients older than 50 years as compared with that of younger patients (87.6% v 92.6%; P =.03). Upper-outer quadrant tumor location was associated with an increased likelihood of a false-negative result compared with all other locations (11.2% v 3. 9%; P <.05).
In multi-institutional practice, SLN biopsy using dual-agent injection provides optimal sensitivity for detection of nodal metastases. The acceptable SLN identification and false-negative rates associated with the dual-agent injection technique indicate that this procedure is a suitable alternative to routine axillary dissection across a wide spectrum of surgical practice and hospital environments.
Niz kamnitih gomil na severnem kraškem robu je C. Marchesetti v začetku 20. stoletja razložil kot bronastodobne grobne gomile. S. Gabrovec jih je vključil v kaštelirsko kulturo srednje bronaste ...dobe in jih primerjal s podobnimi is- trskimi grobnimi gomilami.
Zaščitna izkopavanja gomile na Ostrem vrhu so l. 1992 razkrila ovalno zgradbo premera 11 m, grajeno v suhozidni tehniki. Obodni zid je bil širok med 1,5 in 2,5 m, v višino pa je bil ohranjen do 1,9 m. V zidu so se ohranile zunanje in notranje niše za nosilne lesene tramove, kar kaže na leseno nadgradnjo kamnite zgradbe, verjetno stolpa. Jama za nosilni tram v osrednjem delu stolpa dokazuje, da je bil tudi nadstrešen. Niz radiokarbonskih datacij kaže na mlajšehalštatsko starost izgradnje in uporabe stolpa.
Verjetno je bila vzdolž severnega kraškega roba zgrajena vrsta stolpov, ki so bili skupaj z nizom manjših, močno utrjenih gradišč namenjeni nadzoru dostopa in obrambi ozemlja centralnih gradišč kraške kulturne skupine med 6. in 4. st. pr. n. št.
The overall purpose of this article is to examine population differences in the risk of infant mortality by race/ethnicity, with special attention given to the influence of nativity. Data are taken ...from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) linked birth/infant death files for 1989-91. These files cover virtually the entire nation, provide highly reliable data for relatively small racial/ethnic subpopulations, and have recently been updated to include new variables of interest. Results show that there is wide variation in the risk of infant death across racial/ethnic groups, with infants born to black women suffering the highest risks and infants of Japanese women experiencing the lowest risks. It is also clear that nativity has a crucial impact on racial/ethnic differentials in infant mortality. In fact, the favorable infant survival rates of many racial/ethnic groups are largely attributable to a high percentage of births to immigrant women, who are characterized by overall lower infant mortality than native-born women. Both the racial/ethnic differentials in mortality and the effect of nativity, in turn, are due to several sets of factors, the importance of which varies by race/ethnicity. Models of infant mortality estimated separately by race/ethnicity also revealed that the direction of effects for mortality risk factors tends to be the same across groups, although the magnitudes vary. Thus, it is reasonable to assume that general efforts to lower infant mortality will have a beneficial impact for all groups.
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