Cuba's first republican era (1902–1959) is principally understood in terms of its failures and discontinuities, its first three decades and the overthrow of Machado seen at best as a prologue to the ...real revolution of 1959. This book brings together scholars from North America, Cuba, and Spain to challenge this narrative, presenting republican Cuba instead as a time of meaningful engagement—socially, politically, and symbolically. Addressing a wide range of topics—civic clubs and folkloric societies, science, public health and agrarian policies, popular culture, national memory, and the intersection of race and labor—the contributors explore how a broad spectrum of Cubans embraced a political and civic culture of national self-realization. These essays recast the first republic as a time of deep continuity in processes of liberal state- and nation-building that were periodically disrupted—but also reinvigorated—by foreign intervention and profound uncertainty.
Introduction
Dermoscopic algorithms for melanoma diagnosis could be time‐expending, and their reliability in daily practice lower than expected.
Objective
To propose a simplified dermoscopic ...algorithm for melanoma diagnosis.
Material and methods
A multicenter retrospective analysis of 1,120 dermoscopic images of atypical melanocytic tumors (320 melanomas and 800 non‐melanomas) was performed. An algorithm based on polychromia, asymmetry in colors or structures, and some melanoma‐specific structures was designed. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was calculated to estimate the coefficients of each potential predictor for melanoma diagnosis. A score was developed based on the dermoscopic evaluations performed by four experts blinded to histological diagnosis.
Results
Most melanomas had ≥3 colors (280; 84.5%), asymmetry in colors or structures (289; 90.3%), and at least one melanoma‐specific structure (316; 98.7%). PASS score ≥3 had a 91.9% sensibility, 87% specificity, and 88.4% diagnostic accuracy for melanoma. PASS algorithm showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.947 (95% CI 0.935–0.959).
Limitations
This study was retrospective. A comparison between the performances of different dermoscopic algorithms is difficult because of their designs.
Conclusion
PASS algorithm showed a very good diagnostic accuracy, independently of the observers' experience, and it seems easier to perform than previous dermoscopic algorithms.
Suicide is the second leading cause of death in adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 29 years. Specifically, the presence of internalizing and externalizing symptomatology is related to increased ...risk for suicide at these ages. Few studies have analyzed the relations between these symptoms and their role as mediators in predicting suicide behavior. This study aimed to examine the relation between internalizing and externalizing symptomatology and suicide behaviors through a longitudinal study. The sample consisted of 238 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. The data were analyzed via the PROCESS Statistical Package. The main results showed that previous depression symptoms had a significant indirect effect, through previous suicide behaviors and current depression symptoms, on current suicide behaviors, accounting for 61% of the total variance explained. Additionally, being a girl increased this risk. Therefore, the implementation of early identification and intervention programs to address youth symptoms of depression and suicidal behaviors could significantly reduce the risk for future suicidal behaviors in adolescence.
Abstract Background Adolescents with previous self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITB) have over 2-fold risk of dying by suicide, higher than older ages. This meta-analysis aims to disentangle ...the association of each SITB with subsequent suicidal behavior in adolescence/young adulthood, the contribution of each SITB, and the proportion of suicide deaths with no previous suicide attempt. Methods We searched 6 databases until June 2015. Inclusion criteria: 1. Assessment of any previous SITB a) suicidal thoughts and behaviors (ideation; threat/gesture; plan; attempt); b) non-suicidal thoughts and behaviors (thoughts; threat/gesture; self-injury); c) self-harm as a risk factor of suicide attempt or suicide death; 2. Case-control or cohort studies; 3. Subjects aged 12-26y. Random effect models, metaregression analyses including mental health and environmental variables, and population attributable risks (PAR)s were estimated. Results From 23,682 potentially eligible articles, 29 were included in the meta-analysis (1,122,054 individuals). While 68% of all youth suicide deaths had no previous suicide attempt, suicide death was very strongly associated with any previous SITB (OR= 22.53, 95%CI: 18.40–27.58). Suicide attempts were also associated with a history of previous SITB (OR= 3.48, 95%CI: 2.71–4.43). There were no moderating effects for mental health and environmental features. The PAR of previous SITB to suicide attempts is 26%. Limitations There is considerable heterogeneity between the available studies. Due to limitations in the original studies, an over-estimation of the proportion dying at their first attempt cannot be ruled out, since they might have missed unrecognized previous suicide attempts. Conclusions Although more than two thirds of suicide deaths in adolescence/young adulthood have occurred with no previous suicidal behavior, previous SITBs have a much higher risk of dying by suicide than previously reported in this age group.
Repensar la historia social Piqueras, José Antonio
Trashumante (Medellín, Colombia),
07/2022
20
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
A partir de 1900, la sociedad de masas, los movimientos sociales que aspiraban a democratizar la política y reclamaban derechos sociales o un orden igualitario, las grandes movilizaciones que ...comportaron las dos guerras mundiales, las revoluciones —de México a Rusia, de China a las guerras de liberación anticoloniales—, las consecuencias de las crisis económicas del periodo de entreguerras…, crearon las condiciones de una reestructuración de las ciencias sociales, de un salto hacia adelante que situaba los hechos colectivos en el centro de la atención de los estudios que aspiraban a ofrecer una explicación del presente y del pasado. La antigua narrativa había descansado en un cómodo providencialismo que proporcionaba la existencia de un individuo necesario en el momento oportuno, y entregaba el protagonismo a la esfera del poder —de quien lo detenta y a lo sumo de quien lidera su desafío—. Su erudición era solo un cúmulo de datos interrogados conforme a objetivos seleccionados que dejaba fuera la mayor parte de la realidad. Los nuevos historiadores eran historiadores sociales, y viceversa. Prestaban atención a las condiciones materiales, incluidas las formas en las que las personas se ganaban la vida, a las relaciones entre ellas, los lugares que habitaban, la educación o la asistencia que tenían a su alcance, las ideas que se desarrollaban y circulaban, las luchas que protagonizaban, etc. La historia reclamaba una dimensión relacional, causal, buscaba regularidades que era más sencillo encontrar en los hechos económicos que en los sociales, o entre unos y otros, dado que había un amplio haz de mediaciones, muchas de las cuales integraban lo que Antonio Gramsci denominó hegemonía.
Previous literature suggests that low self-esteem is a risk factor for suicide attempts, but no meta-analyses have been conducted to assess this association in adolescents/young adults. The present ...study examined the relationship between low self-esteem and suicide attempts in young people (12-26 years old).
Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models (ES) and odds ratio (OR). Heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses were performed.
From 26,883 initial titles, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 9 studies had data that could be included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that youths with lower self-esteem were more likely to have future suicide attempts, with an effect size (self-esteem as continuous variable) of d = .58 (95% CI = .44 - .73) and, for low self-esteem (categorical variable) an OR = 1.99 (95% CI = 1.39-2.86; p < .001).
A low level of self-esteem is a risk factor for suicide attempts in adolescents/young adults.
La violencia contra la mujer en las relaciones de pareja (VCP) y el homicidio contra la mujer en las relaciones de pareja (HCP) son fenómenos de gran relevancia y de primer orden mediático. Mediante ...la revisión pormenorizada de 171 casos de HCP y 201 casos de VCP, el objetivo del presente trabajo es la exploración de aquellas características que diferencian a los agresores de los feminicidas y los asemejan. Resultaron diferencias en función de la edad, en diferentes variables relacionadas con la historia delictiva, el consumo de drogas y otras, como encontrarse en un proceso de separación o variables asociadas a la conducta suicida. Los resultados indican que aunque los perpetradores de estas tipologías delictivas comparten características comunes también hay muchas otras que los diferencian, lo que muestra la necesidad de tratamientos individualizados para los diferentes perpetradores y brinda la posibilidad de refinar las herramientas de predicción del riesgo de feminicidio en la pareja.
Laringitis aguda en neonato por VHS tipo 2 Soria Gámez, Ana; Díaz Manzano, José Antonio; Blesa Llaona, Ginés Francisco ...
Anales de pediatría,
June 2024, 2024-06-00, 2024-06-01, Volume:
100, Issue:
6
Journal Article
PDF
