This work presents a study of relative efficiency of some ports using the Data Development Analysis (DEA). During the work, some ports chosen for the study are presented, as well as defined ...variables, inputs and outputs for modeling, and the mathematic model based on linear programming. Next, the relative efficiency obtained in each port is presented, and a comparison among the ports is carried out from the benchmarking, proposing changes in order to optimize port operations.
•The efficacy of 12.5% of amitraz was evaluated 10 years later.•Three different methodologies were evaluate the efficacy of 12.5% of amitraz.•After 40 generations of resistante cattle ticks, was not ...sufficient to modify the efficacy of amitraz.
Using field trials, artificial infestations (Stall tests) and in vitro adult immersion tests, the present study evaluated the acaricidal efficacy of 12.5% amitraz administered via whole body spraying against a Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus population that did not have any contact with chemical products belonging to this acaricide family for 10 years (approximately 40 generations). Two natural infestation trials, two artificial infestation trials (Stall tests) and two adult immersion tests were performed in two different stages in 2005 and 2015. Between 2002 and 2015, the bovine herd of this property was formed by approximately 450 animals from the Simmental breed that were divided into nine paddocks formed by Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. For the natural infestation experiments in 2005 and 2015, we selected nearly 70 animals naturally infested with ticks from the same herd that belonged to the “São Paulo” farm located in São José do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, Brazil. Field studies were performed in the same paddock (9). To evaluate anti-R. (B.) microplus activity in the artificially infested cattle (Stall tests) and adult immersion tests, two experiments of each methodology were performed at CPPAR (the Center of Research in Animal Health located on the FCAV/UNESP campus in Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil) in 2005 and 2015. R. (B.) microplus used in the artificial infestation, and adult immersion test experiments were obtained from paddocks 1–9 in 2005 and 2015 from the commercial farm where the field studies were performed. Based on the obtained results, it was possible to conclude that amitraz use in rotation with pyrethroids every 28 days for three consecutive years (2002–2004) previous to the beginning of the first trial (2005) was sufficient to generate a R. (B.) microplus strain resistant to amitraz. Moreover, using field trials, artificial infestations (Stall tests) and adult immersion tests, we verified that 40 generations of the tick species with no contact to the aforementioned compound (amitraz) were not sufficient to revert or modify the efficacy/resistance of amitraz for this analyzed R. (B.) microplus strain. The reversion of amitraz efficacy values in R. (B.) microplus may only occur when resistance of the field strain is incipient. Alternatively, the differences in the results may be due to differences in the Rhipicephalus spp. species between current study locations. Therefore, future studies must be performed to prove this hypothesis.
•We compare different chemical compounds against helminths of horses.•Oxyuris equi, presented greatest resistance to different compounds.•Habronema muscae and Strongyloides westeri were the species ...most susceptible.•Different species of helminths were resistant to trichlorfon.
By means of parasitological necropsies, the present study aimed to evaluate, in six experiments, the degree of susceptibility or resistance of different helminth species which naturally infect horses to ivermectin 0.2mg/kg, abamectin 0.2mg/kg, moxidectin 0.4mg/kg, trichlorfon 35mg/kg, ivermectin 0.2mg/kg+praziquantel 2.5mg/kg, abamectin 0.2mg/kg+praziquantel 2.5mg/kg and ivermectin 0.2mg/kg+6.6 mg/kg pyrantel. At experimental day zero, the horses were allocated to treatment groups based on average counts of strongylid eggs per gram of feces (EPG) obtained on days -3, -2 and -1. Oxyuris sp. infections were confirmed as positive or negative. All the animals in the six experiments were naturally infected by this helminth species. Each group (control or treated) consisted of six animals. All the assessed Habronema muscae populations analyzed were susceptible to ivermectin, abamectin and moxidectin. Of the six Trichostrongylus axei populations, four were susceptible to ivermectin, abamectin, moxidectin, trichlorfon and ivermectin+praziquantel, and two were resistant to abamectin+praziquantel and ivermectin+pyrantel. Both Strongyloides westeri populations analyzed were susceptible to ivermectin, abamectin, moxidectin and abamectin+praziquantel. For O. equi, resistance was found in four different populations treated with ivermectin, abamectin, moxidectin, trichlorfon and ivermectin+praziquantel. Only combinations of abamectin+praziquantel and ivermectin+pyrantel were effective against this parasite species. All the large strongyles diagnosed in the present study (Strongyus edentatus, Strongyus vulgaris and Triodontophorus serratus) were susceptible to all the chemicals tested, with the exception of trichlorfon. Of the Cyathostominae populations, one was diagnosed as resistant to ivermectin and another to trichlorfon. The remaining populations from this nematode group were considered to be sensitive to ivermectin, abamectin, moxidectin, ivermectin+praziquantel, abamectin+praziquantel and ivermectin+pyrantel. New studies should be performed in different regions to evaluate the efficacy of trichlorfon in others field populations of helminthes.
•We compare different chemical compounds against helminthes of sheep and goats.•Ivermectin was the component which presented inferior anthelmintic efficacy.•Haemonchus contortus was the specie more ...resistant to ivermectin.•Trichostrongylus axei was the specie more sensitive to ivermectin.•All three Strongyloides papillosus populations evaluated were considered resistant to moxidectin.
A total of 160 sheep and 160 goats were necropsied to evaluate the degrees of susceptibility or resistance of different helminth species to 0.2mg/kg ivermectin (subcutaneous route), 0.2mg/kg moxidectin (subcutaneous route), 100mg/kg trichlorfon (administered orally) and the combination of 5mg/kg albendazole+7.5mg/kg levamizole+0.2mg/kg ivermectin (administered orally). To achieve this objective, eight experiments were performed, four with each animal species. In each experiment, naturally infected sheep or goats were divided into five groups with eight individuals each, as follows: T01, untreated control; T02, trichlorfon; T03, ivermectin; T04, moxidectin; and T05, albendazole+levamizole+ivermectin, based on average counts of eggs per gram of feces (EPG) before treatment (experimental dates −3, −2 and −1). Seven days post-treatment (DPT), all animals were euthanized and necropsied for the recovery of helminth burdens. Based on the obtained results, it is possible to conclude that the resistance of some helminth species parasitizing sheep and goats is different for the tested chemical groups. Ivermectin, at 0.2mg/kg dosage, presented inferior anthelmintic efficacy against some of these parasites. Of these species, populations of Haemonchus contortus, followed by Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia curticei and Oesophagostomum columbianum, exhibited the greatest resistance to the aforementioned chemical compound, whereas Trichostrongylus axei displayed higher susceptibility to ivermectin. For moxidectin (0.2mg/kg), 75% of all H. contortus populations were considered resistant to this drug, whereas all populations of T. colubriformis, T. axei, C. curticei and O. columbianum were susceptible. Trichlorfon and albendazole+levamizole+ivermectin were effective against the analyzed nematode populations, except against one strain of H. contortus and one strain of T. colubriformis. All three Strongyloides papillosus populations evaluated were susceptible to the tested formulations, except for moxidectin, as this compound presented low efficacy indices against all populations of this helminth species.
This present study aimed to evaluate the deleterious effects of some commercially available spray formulations (15% Cypermethrin+25% Chlorpyriphos+1% Citronellal and 8% Cypermethrin+60% Ethion) on ...the reproductive parameters of engorged Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus females that detached from experimentally infested cattle. The following reproductive parameters of engorged female ticks were analyzed: female weight, egg mass weight, percentage of hatchability, percentage of reduction in oviposition, percentage of reduction in hatchability, reproductive efficiency and percent control/efficacy of formulations for reproductive parameters. Our findings showed that although the strain R. (B.) microplus used in both experiments was thought to be sensitive to the test compounds because of the acaricidal efficacy observed throughout these trials, it was not possible to observe overall deleterious effects on the reproductive parameters of this tick species with both spray formulations. However, the 8% Cypermethrin+60% Ethion showed short-term significant effects on the weight of female ticks between the 14th and 16th days post-treatment and the weight of female and the egg mass weight between the 20th and 22nd days post-treatment. New studies should be conducted to show if these results regarding the reproductive parameters of fully engorged R. (B.) microplus females, combined with the acaricidal efficacy can be sufficient to reduce the number of chemical treatments administered to cattle.
ALIMENTOS GRAVÍDICOS Vera Carmem de Ávila Dutra; Arthur Carvalho Reis; Carolina da Costa Oliveira Delgado ...
Vianna Sapiens (Online),
09/2017, Volume:
2, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Com o surgimento da Lei 11804/2008 que trouxe a faculdade da gestante em obter alimentos gravídicos, tornou-se latente, no universo jurídico pátrio, a necessidade de analisar de maneira minuciosa ...seus aspectos, formalidades e reflexos, desde sua entrada em vigor até os dias atuais. O artigo busca elucidar de maneira bem didática e objetiva questões relacionadas aos aspectos materiais e formais da lei, bem como as consequências para as partes envolvidas, colocando de maneira imparcial posicionamentos variados acerca dos dispositivos analisados. As análises tidas como indispensáveis passam preferencialmente pela parte processual, indícios de paternidade e responsabilidade civil da gestante, capítulos que mereceram destaque. Com uma bibliografia rica composta com trechos das obras de autores renomados e eminentes juristas, tornou-se possível abordar tanto os dispositivos vigentes quanto os vetados, relacionando-os com toda a sistemática pertinente contida no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro.
A fibrilação atrial é uma condição clínica comum associada a um aumento significativo no risco de eventos cardiovasculares, como o acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). O advento das novas terapias ...anticoagulantes orais, como os inibidores diretos do fator Xa e da trombina, trouxe novas perspectivas para o tratamento e prevenção desses eventos. Objetivo: Esta revisão bibliográfica tem como objetivo avaliar a eficácia das novas terapias anticoagulantes orais na prevenção de eventos cardiovasculares relacionados à fibrilação atrial. Métodos: Esta revisão bibliográfica foi conduzida por meio de uma busca sistemática na literatura científica publicada nos últimos 15 anos, abrangendo o período de 2009 a 2024, utilizando as bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e Google Scholar. Foram incluídos estudos originais e revisões que investigaram as características das novas terapias anticoagulantes orais e sua eficácia na prevenção de eventos cardiovasculares em pacientes com fibrilação atrial. Resultados e Discussão: Os estudos revisados destacaram a eficácia das novas terapias anticoagulantes orais na redução do risco de eventos cardiovasculares, como o AVC, em comparação com a varfarina. Além disso, esses medicamentos mostraram um perfil de segurança favorável, com menor incidência de sangramento intracraniano. A adesão e conformidade ao tratamento também foram ressaltadas como vantagens das novas terapias, contribuindo para uma melhor qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Conclusão: A revisão evidenciou a importância das novas terapias anticoagulantes orais na prática clínica, fornecendo uma análise abrangente e atualizada sobre sua eficácia, segurança e impacto econômico.
Introduction: Atrial fibrillation is a common clinical condition associated with a significant increase in the risk of cardiovascular events, such as stroke. The advent of new oral anticoagulant therapies, such as direct inhibitors of factor Xa and thrombin, has brought new perspectives for the treatment and prevention of these events. Objective: This literature review aims to evaluate the efficacy of new oral anticoagulant therapies in the prevention of cardiovascular events related to atrial fibrillation. Methods: This literature review was conducted through a systematic search of the scientific literature published in the last 15 years, covering the period from 2009 to 2024, using the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Original studies and reviews investigating the characteristics of new oral anticoagulant therapies and their efficacy in preventing cardiovascular events in patients with atrial fibrillation were included. Results and Discussion: The reviewed studies highlighted the efficacy of new oral anticoagulant therapies in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events, such as stroke, compared to warfarin. In addition, these drugs have shown a favorable safety profile, with a lower incidence of intracranial bleeding. Adherence and compliance with treatment were also highlighted as advantages of the new therapies, contributing to a better quality of life for patients. Conclusion: The review highlighted the importance of new oral anticoagulant therapies in clinical practice, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis of their efficacy, safety, and economic impact.
Introducción: La fibrilación auricular es una condición clínica frecuente asociada a un aumento significativo del riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares, como el ictus. El advenimiento de nuevas terapias anticoagulantes orales, como los inhibidores directos del factor Xa y la trombina, ha traído nuevas perspectivas para el tratamiento y la prevención de estos eventos. Objetivo: Esta revisión bibliográfica tiene como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de las nuevas terapias anticoagulantes orales en la prevención de eventos cardiovasculares relacionados con la fibrilación auricular. Métodos: Esta revisión bibliográfica se realizó a través de una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura científica publicada en los últimos 15 años, abarcando el período de 2009 a 2024, utilizando las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Google Scholar. Se incluyeron estudios originales y revisiones que investigaran las características de las nuevas terapias anticoagulantes orales y su eficacia en la prevención de eventos cardiovasculares en pacientes con fibrilación auricular. Resultados y discusión: Los estudios revisados destacaron la eficacia de las nuevas terapias anticoagulantes orales en la reducción del riesgo de eventos cardiovasculares, como el accidente cerebrovascular, en comparación con la warfarina. Además, estos fármacos han mostrado un perfil de seguridad favorable, con una menor incidencia de hemorragia intracraneal. También se destacaron la adherencia y el cumplimiento del tratamiento como ventajas de las nuevas terapias, contribuyendo a una mejor calidad de vida de los pacientes.
Introdução: A fibrilação atrial é uma condição clínica comum associada a um aumento significativo no risco de eventos cardiovasculares, como o acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). O advento das novas terapias anticoagulantes orais, como os inibidores diretos do fator Xa e da trombina, trouxe novas perspectivas para o tratamento e prevenção desses eventos. Objetivo: Esta revisão bibliográfica tem como objetivo avaliar a eficácia das novas terapias anticoagulantes orais na prevenção de eventos cardiovasculares relacionados à fibrilação atrial. Métodos: Esta revisão bibliográfica foi conduzida por meio de uma busca sistemática na literatura científica publicada nos últimos 15 anos, abrangendo o período de 2009 a 2024, utilizando as bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e Google Scholar. Foram incluídos estudos originais e revisões que investigaram as características das novas terapias anticoagulantes orais e sua eficácia na prevenção de eventos cardiovasculares em pacientes com fibrilação atrial. Resultados e Discussão: Os estudos revisados destacaram a eficácia das novas terapias anticoagulantes orais na redução do risco de eventos cardiovasculares, como o AVC, em comparação com a varfarina. Além disso, esses medicamentos mostraram um perfil de segurança favorável, com menor incidência de sangramento intracraniano. A adesão e conformidade ao tratamento também foram ressaltadas como vantagens das novas terapias, contribuindo para uma melhor qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Conclusão: A revisão evidenciou a importância das novas terapias anticoagulantes orais na prática clínica, fornecendo uma análise abrangente e atualizada sobre sua eficácia, segurança e impacto econômico.
Introdução: A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma forma comum de demência, representando um desafio crescente para a saúde pública devido ao envelhecimento da população. A atividade física tem sido ...estudada como uma intervenção potencial na prevenção e tratamento da DA. Objetivo: Esta revisão de literatura busca demonstrar o papel da atividade física na prevenção da progressão da DA. Métodos: Esta revisão bibliográfica foi conduzida por meio de uma busca sistemática na literatura científica publicada nos últimos 20 anos, abrangendo o período de 2004 a 2024, utilizando critérios de inclusão e exclusão específicos, e as bases de dados eletrônicas: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e Google Scholar. Resultados e Discussão: Evidências consistentes demonstraram uma associação inversa entre atividade física e risco de desenvolvimento de DA, com benefícios adicionais na função cognitiva em pacientes diagnosticados com a doença. Mecanismos neurobiológicos, como a redução da inflamação e a promoção da neuroplasticidade, podem contribuir para esses efeitos benéficos. No entanto, a adesão a programas de exercícios permanece um desafio, especialmente em populações vulneráveis. Conclusão: A atividade física emerge como uma intervenção promissora na prevenção e tratamento da DA, com potencial para melhorar a saúde cerebral e a qualidade de vida. Estratégias integradas e personalizadas são necessárias para maximizar os benefícios da atividade física em populações vulneráveis, destacando a importância de abordagens colaborativas entre profissionais de saúde.
Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common form of dementia and represents a growing public health challenge due to the aging of the population. Physical activity has been studied as a potential intervention in the prevention and treatment of AD. Objective: This literature review seeks to demonstrate the role of physical activity in preventing the progression of AD. Methods: This literature review was conducted through a systematic search of scientific literature published in the last 20 years, covering the period from 2004 to 2024, using specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, and electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar. Results and Discussion: Consistent evidence has shown an inverse association between physical activity and the risk of developing AD, with additional benefits in cognitive function in patients diagnosed with the disease. Neurobiological mechanisms, such as reducing inflammation and promoting neuroplasticity, may contribute to these beneficial effects. However, adherence to exercise programs remains a challenge, especially in vulnerable populations. Conclusion: Physical activity is emerging as a promising intervention in the prevention and treatment of AD, with the potential to improve brain health and quality of life. Integrated and personalized strategies are needed to maximize the benefits of physical activity in vulnerable populations, highlighting the importance of physical activity in the treatment of AD.
Introducción: La enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA) es una forma común de demencia y representa un reto creciente para la salud pública debido al envejecimiento de la población. La actividad física se ha estudiado como posible intervención en la prevención y el tratamiento de la EA. Objetivo: Esta revisión bibliográfica pretende demostrar el papel de la actividad física en la prevención de la progresión de la EA. Métodos: Esta revisión bibliográfica se realizó mediante una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura científica publicada en los últimos 20 años, abarcando el período comprendido entre 2004 y 2024, utilizando criterios específicos de inclusión y exclusión, y bases de datos electrónicas: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus y Google Scholar. Resultados y Discusión: Evidencias consistentes han demostrado una asociación inversa entre la actividad física y el riesgo de desarrollar EA, con beneficios adicionales en la función cognitiva en pacientes diagnosticados con la enfermedad. Los mecanismos neurobiológicos, como la reducción de la inflamación y la promoción de la neuroplasticidad, pueden contribuir a estos efectos beneficiosos. Sin embargo, la adherencia a los programas de ejercicio sigue siendo un reto, especialmente en poblaciones vulnerables. Conclusión: La actividad física se perfila como una intervención prometedora en la prevención y el tratamiento de la EA, con el potencial de mejorar la salud cerebral y la calidad de vida. Se necesitan estrategias integradas y personalizadas para maximizar los beneficios de la actividad física en poblaciones vulnerables, destacando la importancia de la actividad física en el tratamiento de la EA.
Introdução: A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é uma forma comum de demência, representando um desafio crescente para a saúde pública devido ao envelhecimento da população. A atividade física tem sido estudada como uma intervenção potencial na prevenção e tratamento da DA. Objetivo: Esta revisão de literatura busca demonstrar o papel da atividade física na prevenção da progressão da DA. Métodos: Esta revisão bibliográfica foi conduzida por meio de uma busca sistemática na literatura científica publicada nos últimos 20 anos, abrangendo o período de 2004 a 2024, utilizando critérios de inclusão e exclusão específicos, e as bases de dados eletrônicas: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus e Google Scholar. Resultados e Discussão: Evidências consistentes demonstraram uma associação inversa entre atividade física e risco de desenvolvimento de DA, com benefícios adicionais na função cognitiva em pacientes diagnosticados com a doença. Mecanismos neurobiológicos, como a redução da inflamação e a promoção da neuroplasticidade, podem contribuir para esses efeitos benéficos. No entanto, a adesão a programas de exercícios permanece um desafio, especialmente em populações vulneráveis. Conclusão: A atividade física emerge como uma intervenção promissora na prevenção e tratamento da DA, com potencial para melhorar a saúde cerebral e a qualidade de vida. Estratégias integradas e personalizadas são necessárias para maximizar os benefícios da atividade física em populações vulneráveis, destacando a importância de abordagens colaborativas entre profissionais de saúde.
Angiogenesis is the process of new blood vessel formation, regulated by a number of pro- and antiangiogenic factors and usually begins in response to hypoxia. Exogenous administration of melatonin ...has shown numerous anti-tumor effects and appears to inhibit tumor angiogenesis. However, many factors involved in the anti-angiogenic effect of melatonin are still under investigation. Here, we evaluate the effects of melatonin on cell viability and expression of angiogenic factors in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells under hypoxic conditions. Cell viability was investigated by MTT and gene and protein expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) were verified by qPCR and immunocytochemistry after melatonin treatment (1 mM) under hypoxic conditions. Additionally, a protein array with 20 different cytokines/factors was performed on tumor cell lysates. The results showed that 1 mM of melatonin reduced the viability of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells (p < .05). This treatment also decreased both gene and protein expression of HIF-1α and VEGF-A under hypoxic conditions (p < .05). Among the proteins evaluated by protein array, melatonin treatment during hypoxia reduced VEGF-C, VEGFR receptors (VEGFR2 and VEGFR3), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and Angiogenin in MCF-7 cells. In MDA-MB-231 cells, a significant decrease was observed in VEGFR2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Angiogenin (p < .05). Taken together, these results showed that melatonin acts in the regulation of angiogenic factors in breast tumor cells and suggests an anti-angiogenic activity, particularly under hypoxic conditions.
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