The number of patients infected with simian malaria is gradually increasing in many countries of Southeast Asia and South America. The most important risk factor for a zoonotic spillover event of ...malarial infection is mostly influenced by the interaction between humans, monkeys, and vectors. In this study, we determine the protein expression profile of a wild stump-tailed macaque (Macaca arctoides) from a total of 32 blood samples collected from Prachuap Kiri Khan Province, Thailand. The malarial parasite was analyzed using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays by dividing the samples into three groups: non-infected, mono-infected, and multiple-infected. The identification and differential proteomic expression profiles were determined using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and bioinformatics tools. A total of 9,532 proteins (total proteins) were identified with the filter-based selection methods analysis, and a subset of 440 proteins were found to be different between each group. Within these proteins, the GhostKOALA functional enrichment analysis indicated that 142 important proteins were associated with either of the organismal system (28.87%), genetic information processing (23.24%), environmental information processing (16.20%), metabolism (13.38%), cellular processes (11.97%), or causing human disease (6.34%). Additionally, using interaction network analysis, nine potential reporter proteins were identified. Here, we report the first study on the protein profiles differentially expressed in the serum of wild stump-tailed macaques between non, mono, and multiple malarial infected living in a natural transmission environment. Our findings demonstrate that differentially expressed proteins implicated in host defense through lipid metabolism, involved with TGF pathway were suppressed, while those with the apoptosis pathway, such as cytokines and proinflammation signals were increased. Including the parasite's response via induced hemolysis and disruption of myeloid cells. A greater understanding of the fundamental processes involved in a malarial infection and host response can be crucial for developing diagnostic tools, medication development, and therapies to improve the health of those affected by the disease.
Lung metastasis is a major cause of mortality in patients with osteosarcoma (OS). A better understanding of the molecular mechanism of OS lung metastasis may facilitate development of new therapeutic ...strategies to prevent the metastasis. We have established high‐ and low‐metastatic sublines (LM8‐H and LM8‐L, respectively) from Dunn OS cell line LM8 by using in vivo image‐guided screening. Among the genes whose expression was significantly increased in LM8‐H compared to LM8‐L, the transcription factor lymphoid enhancer‐binding factor 1 (LEF1) was identified as a factor that promotes LM8‐H cell extravasation into the lungs. To identify downstream effectors of LEF1 that are involved in OS lung metastasis, 13 genes were selected based on LM8 microarray data and genomewide meta‐analysis of a public database for OS patients. Among them, the cytoglobin (Cygb) gene was identified as a key effector in promoting OS extravasation into the lungs. CYGB overexpression increased the extravasation ability of LM8‐L cells, whereas knocking out the Cygb gene in LM8‐H cells reduced this ability. Our results showed a novel LEF1‐CYGB axis in OS lung metastasis and may provide a new way of developing therapeutic strategies to prevent OS lung metastasis.
We found that the cytoglobin (Cygb) gene is an important effector that promotes extravasation of osteosarcoma (OS) to the lungs. Our data showed a novel function of the LEF1‐CYGB axis in OS lung metastasis and may provide novel targets for drugs that prevent OS lung metastasis.
The number of patients infected with simian malaria is gradually increasing in many countries of Southeast Asia and South America. The most important risk factor for a zoonotic spillover event of ...malarial infection is mostly influenced by the interaction between humans, monkeys, and vectors. In this study, we determine the protein expression profile of a wild stump-tailed macaque (Macaca arctoides) from a total of 32 blood samples collected from Prachuap Kiri Khan Province, Thailand. The malarial parasite was analyzed using nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays by dividing the samples into three groups: non-infected, mono-infected, and multiple-infected. The identification and differential proteomic expression profiles were determined using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and bioinformatics tools. A total of 9,532 proteins (total proteins) were identified with the filter-based selection methods analysis, and a subset of 440 proteins were found to be different between each group. Within these proteins, the GhostKOALA functional enrichment analysis indicated that 142 important proteins were associated with either of the organismal system (28.87%), genetic information processing (23.24%), environmental information processing (16.20%), metabolism (13.38%), cellular processes (11.97%), or causing human disease (6.34%). Additionally, using interaction network analysis, nine potential reporter proteins were identified. Here, we report the first study on the protein profiles differentially expressed in the serum of wild stump-tailed macaques between non, mono, and multiple malarial infected living in a natural transmission environment. Our findings demonstrate that differentially expressed proteins implicated in host defense through lipid metabolism, involved with TGF pathway were suppressed, while those with the apoptosis pathway, such as cytokines and proinflammation signals were increased. Including the parasite's response via induced hemolysis and disruption of myeloid cells. A greater understanding of the fundamental processes involved in a malarial infection and host response can be crucial for developing diagnostic tools, medication development, and therapies to improve the health of those affected by the disease.
We monitored the reproductive morphology of the female and male Golden tree snake, Chrysopelea ornata. The females and males were collected during a year from Ao Nang, Muang Krabi, Krabi province, a ...southern part of Thailand. We investigated the female and male reproductive systems via anatomical and histological approaches. The results demonstrated that the reproductive tracts of females and males were located above the kidney and its right tract was more anteriorly than the left tract. Ovarian follicles were classified into the previtellogenic, early vitellogenic, and late vitellogenic follicles. Previtellogenic follicles were contained three types of cells in the multi-layered granulosa layer: small, intermediate, and large pyriform cells. This such layer becomes the single layer in which the pyriform cells were disappeared in the vitellogenic follicles. Various stages including corpora lutea, gestation, oviposition, and birth were all observed in this study. The oviductal structure of the Golden tree snake was divided into four regions: anterior and posterior infundibulum, uterus, and vagina. The anterior oviductal wall was covered by ciliated and non-ciliated cuboidal epithelial cells and a thin muscularis layer while its posterior portion was contained by ciliated and non-ciliated cuboidal and columnar epithelial cell, and a thick muscularis layer. We found the tubular ciliated glands in the posterior infundibulum. Additionally, the hypertrophied uterine glands in the uterus were observed during the vitellogenic stage. The seminiferous tubules were active simultaneously with the hypertrophied sexual segment of the kidney.
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) plays an important role in the development of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer diseases, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) ...lymphoma. The standard methods of bacterial staining, bacterial culture, and urease testfor the detection of H. pylori are time consuming and invasive. Non-invasive testing plays a significant role in the test-and-treat approach to H. pylori management. Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) is a promising method for pathogenic detection that is fast, easy to use, and low cost. In the present study, the authors developed an H. pylori LFIA strip using gold nanoparticles for H. pylori detection. The results reported that 20 μg of anti-H. pylori antibody mixed with 1 mL AuNPs solution and incubated for 2 hours was the best concentration preparation for application coverage over the gold nanoparticle surface. The limit of detection observable by the naked eye was 15 μg of H. pylori protein lysate. The findings of this study suggest the possible future development of an H. pylori LFLA strip for fast, easy to use, and low-cost diagnostic testing.
Background: Nucleic acid lateral flow (NALF) strip test is currently a promising method in biomedical applications for point-of-care DNA detection. However, sensitivity of NALF is a major limitation ...when tested without amplification of the DNA sample.
Objective: This study introduces UV crosslink as an additional step to enhance sensitivity of the test strip. Methods: By applying UV exposure to the NALF platform with different irradiation energies and times, specificity test with target DNA and non-target DNA.
Results: the results revealed increasing signals of approximately 40% from all test strips compared to those without UV exposure. Furthermore, the sensitivity enhancement by UV crosslink of NALF dipstick has been shown to be independent from DNA sequences, hybridization specificity and target DNA length.
Conclusion: Data presents a new step to improve the sensitivity of NALF assay. It allows immediate visualization and quantification. There may be a potential application in other NALF platform products.
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