"This paper investigates the relationship between native internal mobility and immigration in Italy, in order to gain a better understanding of the impact of immigration on local labor markets and to ...gauge the consequences for the socio-demographic composition of the local population. Native mobility is examined both with respect to residential displacements across regions and the demographic evolution of local labor markets. Endogeneity issues related to immigrant geographical distribution are addressed using proximity to 'gateways' as the instrumental variable. We find that immigration is positively associated with inflows of highly-educated natives, suggesting the existence of potential complementarities. The impact is concentrated among young adults and is higher in more urbanized areas. We also find a displacement of low-educated natives; in particular, immigrant concentration in the northern regions has partially substituted the traditional South - North mobility of less-skilled natives." Die Untersuchung enthält quantitative Daten. Forschungsmethode: empirisch-quantitativ; empirisch; Sekundäranalyse. Die Untersuchung bezieht sich auf den Zeitraum 1995 bis 2005. (author's abstract, IAB-Doku).
The relationship between quality of care and provider's experience is well known in all fields of surgery. Even in thyroidectomies and parathyroidectomies, the emphasis on positive volume-outcome ...relationships is believed. It led us to an evaluation of volume activity's impact in terms of quality of care. A systematic narrative review was performed. According to the PRISMA criteria, we selected 87 paper and, after the study selection was performed, 22 studies were finally included in this review. All articles included were unanimous in attributing to activity volume of surgeons as well as centers a substantial importance. Some differences in outcomes between these investigated categories have been found: best results of the high volume surgeon is evident expecially in terms of complications, on the contrary best outcomes of a high volume center are mainly economics, such as hospital stay and general costs of the procedures. A cut-off of 35-40 thyroidectomies per year for single surgeon, and 90-100 thyroidectomies for single center appears reasonable for identifying an adequate activity. Concerning parathyroidectomy, we can consider reasonable a cut off at 10-12 operations/year. More studies are needed in a European or more circumscribed perspective.
Hydatid disease is an endemic anthropozoonosis with usual localization in liver and lungs. Rarely it localizes in uncommon sites as spleen, skeleton, kidney, brain, cardiac muscle, peritoneum, sub ...cutis. Complications of uncommon localizations are the same that for usual ones.
Review of the literature on rare and atypical localization of hydatid cysts in soft tissues. Key-words used on Pub-Med (echinococ OR hydatid) AND (soft tissue OR subcutaneous OR cutaneous) without time limit. There were found 282 articles; 242 were excluded because of muscular or bone localizations. 40 were coherent.
Different variables are taken into account: age, sex, geographic area, anatomic localization of the cyst, dimension, symptoms, signs, mobility, blood exams and specific serological tests, imaging techniques for diagnosis, existing of septa in the structure, treatment, anaesthesia, spillage, neo-adjuvant and adjuvant treatment, follow-up period, recurrent lesions.
It would be useful create an homogeneous and standardized collection of data of these rare and potentially life-threatening conditions in order to create guide-line of diagnostic and therapeutic process and create (or adopt) unique classification of the lesions.
Acute appendicitis is common in an Emergency Surgery Unit. Although the laparoscopic approach is a method accepted for its treatment, no strong data are available for determining how many procedures ...must an experienced surgeon carry out for obtaining all the advantages of this technique and if this approach can become the gold standard in the activity of a general emergency unit with senior surgeons variously skilled on the basic laparoscopy. 142 patients that underwent appendectomy (90 laparoscopic, 52 conventional) for acute appendicitis were enrolled in this institutional retrospective cohort study. The surgeons were classified with a descriptor-based grading and divided in two groups regarding the skill. The only relevant result of our study was the significant reduction of conversion rate in case of laparoscopic approach. No strong differences were found concerning the duration of the procedure and the hospital stay between the two groups. The rate of complications were very low in both groups. In conclusion, the experienced surgeons can easily perform a laparoscopic approach independently from the specific skill in this approach.
Hepatic hemangiomas are the most common benign tumors of the liver, often asymptomatic and discovered incidentally. A 62-year-old woman was referred to our Institution under the suspicion of having ...an 8 cm-sized GIST. Due to the atypical features of the lesion on TC scan, a biopsy was performed. We report the case of pedunculated hepatic hemangioma with the aim to discuss the diagnostic approach, the possible causes of misdiagnosis and the opportunity of the laparoscopic approach.
Uterine leiomyomata (UL) are the most common tumours of the female genital tract and the primary cause of surgical removal of the uterus. Genetic factors contribute to UL susceptibility. To add ...understanding to the heritable genetic risk factors, we conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of UL in up to 426,558 European women from FinnGen and a previous UL meta-GWAS. In addition to the 50 known UL loci, we identify 22 loci that have not been associated with UL in prior studies. UL-associated loci harbour genes enriched for development, growth, and cellular senescence. Of particular interest are the smooth muscle cell differentiation and proliferation-regulating genes functioning on the myocardin-cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1 A pathway. Our results further suggest that genetic predisposition to increased fat-free mass may be causally related to higher UL risk, underscoring the involvement of altered muscle tissue biology in UL pathophysiology. Overall, our findings add to the understanding of the genetic pathways underlying UL, which may aid in developing novel therapeutics.
The Escherichia coli adenine glycosylase MutY is involved in the repair of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2′-deoxy-guanosine (OG):A and G:A mispairs in DNA. Our approach toward understanding recognition and ...processing of DNA damage by MutY has been to use substrate analogs that retain the recognition properties of the substrate mispair but are resistant to the glycosylase activity of MutY. This approach provides stable MutY—DNA complexes that are amenable to structural and biochemical characterization. In this work, the interaction of MutY with the 2′-deoxyadeno-sine analogs 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroadenosine (FA), 2′-deoxyaristeromycin (R) and 2′-deoxyformycin A (F) was investigated. MutY binds to duplexes containing the FA, R or F analogs opposite G and OG within DNA with high affinity; however, no enzymatic processing of these duplexes is observed. The specific nature of the interaction of MutY with an OG:FA duplex was demonstrated by MPE-Fe(II) hydroxyl radical foot-printing experiments which showed a nine base pair region of protection by MutY surrounding the mispair. DMS footprinting experiments with an OG:A duplex revealed that a specific G residue located on the OG-containing strand was protected from DMS in the presence of MutY. In contrast, a G residue flanking the substrate analogs R, F or FA was observed to be hypersensitive to DMS in the presence of MutY. These results suggest a major conformational change in the DNA helix upon binding of MutY that exposes the substrate analog-containing strand. This finding is consistent with a nucleotide flipping mechanism for damage recognition by MutY. This work demonstrates that duplex substrates for MutY containing FA, R or F instead of A are excellent substrate mimics that may be used to provide insight into the recognition by MutY of damaged and mismatched base pairs within DNA.
Abstract only
Purpose
Exacerbated sympathetic nerve activity and increased blood pressure have been documented in anabolic androgenic steroid users (AASU). We tested the hypothesis that arterial ...baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) and carotid distensibility would be reduced in AASU.
Methods
Ten AASU and 10 age‐paired anabolic androgenic steroid nonusers (AASNU) were studied. Both groups were involved in strength training (90% 1MR) and AASU were self‐administered anabolic steroids for at least 2 years. The use of AAS was proved by urine. Heart rate (HR) was evaluated by EKG and blood pressure non‐invasively on a beat to beat. BRS was analyzed by time domain through spontaneous fluctuations between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and HR. Carotid artery distensibility was measured by doppler (M‐mode).
Results
HR was higher in AASU compared to AASNU (69±3 vs. 59±3 bpm, P≤0.05). Systolic (123±4 vs. 118±2 mmHg, P=0.29), diastolic (72±2 vs. 67±2 mmHg, P=0.12) and mean blood pressure (90±3 vs. 85±2 mmHg, P=0.15) were not different between groups. BRS for increases (14.2±2 vs. 22.8±3 msec/mmHg, P=0.05) and decreases (13.3±1 vs. 19.2±2 msec/mmHg, P=0.04) were lower in AASU. Carotid distensibility was reduced in AASU (7±1 vs. 9±1 %, P≤0.05).
Conclusion
Impaired BRS and reduced carotid distensibility may prematurely lead to increased cardiovascular risk in AASU.
PDF
