Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disorder characterized by low bone mineral density and decreased bone strength, leading to an increased risk of fractures with a consequent increase in morbidity and ...mortality. The current methods to estimate the fracture risk are very limited. microRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered as good biomarkers for many pathological processes, including osteoporosis. Some circulating miRNAs are associated with regulation of bone formation and differentiation of bone cells. The aim of this study, was to analyze the expression of miRNAs in serum of patients with osteoporosis (n = 20) and healthy controls (n = 20). Expression of 754 miRNAs was analyzed through quantitative real time RT-PCR arrays. Seven miRNAs showed significant differences between groups. The microRNAs miR-23b-3p, miR-140-3p and miR-885-5p were selected based on fold change and p-values (40.5, p = 0.038, 20.7, p = 0.045, and 2.2, p = 0.002; respectively) for validation in independent serum samples from patients with osteopenia (n = 28), osteoporosis (n = 26) and osteoporotic hip fracture (n = 21). After validation, we confirm differences across the groups for miR-23b-3p and miR-140-3p. Our data pointed miR-140-3p and miR-23b-3p as potential biomarkers candidates for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.
•To our knowledge, this is the first report in determining microRNA levels in serum of postmenopausal Mexican women.•Serum levels of miR-885-5p, miR-23b-3p, and miR-140-3p were significant, which were verified by RT-qPCR.•miR-23b-3p and miR-140-3p are promising novel biomarkers to evaluate the risk of osteoporosis and fracture.•Predicted target genes for miR-23b-3p and miR-140-3p are associated to osteoblast differentiation.
Male sexual behavior influences the rates of cervical dysplasia and invasive cervical cancer, as well as male human papillomavirus
(HPV) infection and disease. Unfortunately, little is known ...regarding male HPV type distribution by age and across countries.
In samples combined from the coronal sulcus, glans penis, shaft, and scrotum of 1,160 men from Brazil, Mexico, and the United
States, overall HPV prevalence was 65.2%, with 12.0% oncogenic types only, 20.7% nononcogenic types only, 17.8% both oncogenic
and nononcogenic, and 14.7% unclassified infections. Multiple HPV types were detected in 25.7% of study participants. HPV
prevalence was higher in Brazil (72.3%) than in the United States (61.3%) and Mexico (61.9%). HPV16 (6.5%), HPV51 (5.3%),
and HPV59 (5.3%) were the most commonly detected oncogenic infections, and HPV84 (7.7%), HPV62 (7.3%), and HPV6 (6.6%) were
the most commonly detected nononcogenic infections. Overall HPV prevalence was not associated with age. However, significant
associations with age were observed when specific categories of HPV, nononcogenic, and unclassified HPV infections were considered.
Studies of HPV type distribution among a broad age range of men from multiple countries is needed to fill the information
gap internationally with respect to our knowledge of HPV infection in men. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(8):2036–43)
Studies in women have shown an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition with prior human papilloma virus (HPV) infection; however, few studies have been conducted among men. ...Our objective was to assess whether HPV-related external genital lesions (EGLs) increase risk of HIV seroconversion among men.
A total of 1379 HIV-negative men aged 18 to 70 years from the United States, Mexico, and Brazil were followed for up to 7 years and underwent clinical examination for EGLs and blood draws every 6 months. Human immunodeficiency virus seroconversion was assessed in archived serum. Cox proportional hazards and marginal structural models assessed the association between EGL status and time to HIV seroconversion.
Twenty-nine participants HIV seroconverted during follow-up. Older age was associated with a lower hazard of HIV seroconversion. We found no significant difference in the risk of HIV seroconversion between men with and without EGLs (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.94; 95% confidence interval, 0.32-2.74). Stratified analyses focusing on men that have sex with men found no association between EGLs and HIV seroconversion risk (hazards ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.00-1.86).
External genital lesions were not associated with higher risk for HIV seroconversion in this multinational population, although statistical power was limited as there were few HIV seroconversions. Results may differ in populations at higher risk for HIV.
Male genital human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and incidence has been reported to vary by geographical location. Our objective was to assess the natural history of genital HPV by country among ...men with a median of 48 months of follow-up.
Men ages 18-70 years were recruited from United States (
= 1,326), Mexico (
= 1,349), and Brazil (
= 1,410). Genital specimens were collected every 6 months and HPV genotyping identified 37 HPV genotypes. Prevalence of HPV was compared between the three countries using the Fisher exact test. Incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. The median time to HPV clearance among men with an incident infection was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method.
The prevalence and incidence of the genital HPV types known to cause disease in males (HPV 16 and 6) was significantly higher among men from Brazil than men from Mexico. Prevalence and incidence of those genital HPV types in the United States varied between being comparable with those of Mexico or Brazil. Although genital HPV16 duration was significantly longer in Brazil (
= 0.04) compared with Mexico and the United States, HPV6 duration was shortest in Brazil (
= 0.03) compared with Mexico and the United States.
Men in Brazil and Mexico often have similar, if not higher prevalence of HPV compared with men from the United States.
Currently, there is no routine screening for genital HPV among males and while HPV is common in men, and most naturally clear the infection, a proportion of men do develop HPV-related diseases. Men may benefit from gender-neutral vaccine policies.
.
Background. Data supporting the efficacy of condoms against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in males are limited. Therefore, we examined the effect of consistent condom use on genital HPV ...acquisition and duration of infection. Methods. A prospective analysis was conducted within the HPV Infection in Men Study, a multinational HPV cohort study. Men who were recently sexually active (n = 3323) were stratified on the basis of sexual risk behaviors and partnerships. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, type-specific incidence of HPV infection and clearance were modeled for each risk group to assess independent associations with condom use. Results. The risk of HPV acquisition was 2-fold lower among men with no steady sex partner who always used condoms, compared with those who never used condoms (hazard ratio, 0.54), after adjustment for country, age, race, education duration, smoking, alcohol, and number of recent sex partners. The probability of clearing an oncogenic HPV infection was 30% higher among nonmonogamous men who always used condoms with nonsteady sex partners, compared with men who never used condoms (hazard ratio, 1.29), after adjustment for country, age, race, education duration, marital status, smoking, alcohol, and number of recent sex partners. No protective effects of condom use were observed among monogamous men. Conclusions. Condoms should be promoted in combination with HPV vaccination to prevent HPV infection in men.
Risk of hyperuricemia is modified by genetic and environmental factors. Our aim was to identify factors associated with serum uric acid levels and hyperuricemia in Mexicans. A pilot Genome-wide ...association study GWAS was performed in a subgroup of participants (
= 411) from the Health Workers Cohort Study (HWCS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum uric acid levels were validated in all the HWCS participants (
= 1939) and replicated in independent children (
= 1080) and adult (
= 1073) case-control studies. The meta-analysis of the whole HWCS and replication samples identified three
SNPs:
(
= 2.3 × 10
),
(
= 8.2 × 10
) and
(
= 1.1 × 10
); and an
missense SNP,
(
= 1.0 × 10
). Among the non-genetic factors identified, the visceral adiposity index, smoking, the metabolic syndrome and its components (waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose and hyperlipidemia) were associated with increased serum uric acid levels and hyperuricemia (
< 0.05). Among the female HWCS participants, the odds ratio for hyperuricemia was 1.24 (95% CI, 1.01-1.53) per unit increase in soft drink consumption. As reported in other studies, our findings indicate that diet, adiposity and genetic variation contribute to the elevated prevalence of hyperuricemia in Mexico.
Genome-wide association studies in people with European ancestry suggest that polymorphisms in genes involved in vitamin D (VD) metabolism have an effect on serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin ...D. However, nothing is known about these polymorphisms in populations with Amerindian ancestry. Our aim was to evaluate the association between genetic variants on the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the vitamin D binding protein (GC) genes, involved in the VD pathway, and VD deficiency in 689 unrelated Mexican postmenopausal women. We also described the frequencies of these variants in 355 postmenopausal women from different ethnic groups. Based on our preliminary results of 400 unrelated Mexican postmenopausal women, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for genotyping. The SNPs rs4516035 in VDR and rs2282679 in GC were associated with VD deficiency. Additionally, women who carried three risk alleles had a 3.67 times higher risk of suffering VD deficiency, compared to women with no risk alleles (p = 0.002). The rs4516035-C allele frequency in the Amerindian population was enriched in the South East region of Mexico. In contrast, the highest frequency of the rs2298850-C allele, a proxy for the tag SNP rs2282679, was observed in the South region. Our results indicate that genetic variants in VDR and GC genes are associated with VD deficiency in Mexican postmenopausal women. Moreover, an association was observed for the variants rs3794060 and rs4944957 of the DHCR7/NADSYN1 gene with osteopenia/osteoporosis.
The effect of microbiota composition and its health on bone tissue is a novel field for research. However, their associations with bone mineral density (BMD) have not been established in ...postmenopausal women. The present study investigates the relation of diet, the microbiota composition, and the serum metabolic profile in postmenopausal women with normal-BMD or with low-BMD. Ninety-two Mexican postmenopausal women were classified into normal-BMD (n = 34) and low-BMD (n = 58). The V4 hypervariable region was sequenced using the Miseq platform. Serum vitamin D was determined by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Serum concentrations of acyl-carnitines and amino acids were determined by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Diet was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire. The low-BMD group had fewer observed species, higher abundance of γ-Proteobacteria, lower consumption of lycopene, and lower concentrations of leucine, valine, and tyrosine compared with the normal-BMD group. These amino acids correlated positively with the abundance of Bacteroides. Lycopene consumption positively correlated with Oscillospira and negatively correlated with Pantoea genus abundance. Finally, the intestinal microbiota of women with vitamin D deficiency was related to Erysipelotrichaceae and Veillonellaceae abundance compared to the vitamin D non-deficient group. Associations mediated by the gut microbiota between diet and circulating metabolites with low-BMD were identified.
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease mainly affecting women over 50 years old and it represents a serious public health problem because of the high socioeconomic burden. This disease is characterized ...by deterioration of bone microarchitecture, low bone mineral density (BMD), and increased risk of fragility fractures. This study aimed to identify serum useful proteins as biomarkers for the diagnosis and/or prognosis of osteoporosis and fracture risk. We collected 446 serum samples from postmenopausal women aged ≥45 years old. Based on the BMD measurement, we classified the participants into three groups: osteoporotic, osteopenic, and normal. In an initial discovery stage, we conducted a proteomic approach using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). The peptides into the spots of interest were identified through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to validate the proteins of interest. We identified 27 spots of interest when comparing low BMD versus normal BMD postmenopausal women. Based on their relevance in bone metabolism, we analyzed three proteins: ceruloplasmin (CP), gelsolin (GSN), and vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP). Our results demonstrated that low serum VDBP levels correlate with low BMD (osteopenic and osteoporotic). Therefore, VDBP could be considered as a novel, potential, and non-invasive biomarker for the early detection of osteoporosis.
Background: While receptive anal sex is an established risk factor for anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA), people with anal HPV infection and ...SCCA commonly report no lifetime receptive anal sex suggesting other factors may also increase risk for anal HPV infection and persistence. Given potential associations between obesity and conditions that may cause perianal or anal canal lesions, we hypothesized that body mass index (BMI) was associated with HPV infection.
Methods: Genotyping for 36 HPV types was conducted on anal canal specimens from men, ages 18-70, from Brazil, Mexico, and the USA. Eligibility included no history of genital warts or HIV. Evaluable specimens were collected from 328 men having sex with men (MSM) and 1348 men having sex with women (MSW) who reported no lifetime receptive anal sex. Prevalence of anal HPV infection and six-month persistence by BMI were estimated in addition to adjusted prevalence ratios for the association between BMI and HPV infection.
Results: Among MSW, obese men had a higher prevalence of HPV-16 in the anal canal (3.1%), compared to normal weight men (1.3%) although 95% CI overlapped. Among MSM, prevalence of HPV decreased with increasing BMI. A similar pattern was observed for persistence. After adjustment for confounders, obese MSW had 2.4 times higher odds of HPV-16 compared to normal weight men.
Conclusions: BMI may be positively associated with anal HPV (especially HPV-16) among MSW and negatively associated with anal HPV among MSM which supports continued universal HPV vaccination programs.
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