Endoscopic resection has been successfully used for the removal of digestive submucosal tumors (SMTs). However, the cardia has been considered a challenging location for endoscopic resection due to ...its narrow lumen and sharp angle. The objective of this study was to establish a clinical scoring model to grade the technical difficulty of endoscopic resection for cardial SMTs.
A total of 246 patients who suffered cardial SMTs and received endoscopic resection were included in this retrospective study. All of them were randomized into the training cohort (n = 123) or internal validation cohort (n = 123). Potential predictors were analyzed using univariate analysis. Then, covariates with P < 0.05 were selected for the multivariate logistic regression model. The β coefficients from the logistic regression model were used to create a scoring system for technical difficulty prediction by rounding the score to the nearest integer of the absolute β coefficient value.
The clinical score consisted of the following factors: male gender (2 points), extraluminal growth (3 points), and maximum diameter ≥3 cm (3 points). The scoring model demonstrated good discriminatory power, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.860 and a 95% confidence interval of 0.763-0.958. The model also showed a good goodness of fit in the Hosmer-Lemeshow test (P = 0.979). In the training cohort, the probability of encountering technical difficulty in the easy (score = 0), intermediate (score = 1-3), difficult (score = 4-6), and very difficult (score >6) categories was 0, 6.8%, 33.3%, and 100.0%, respectively; similarly, in the validation cohort, it was 0, 5.6%, 22.2%, and 50.0%, respectively.
This scoring system could serve as a valuable tool for clinicians in predicting the technical difficulty of endoscopic resection for cardial SMTs.
The Fermi-polaron problem of a mobile impurity interacting with fermionic medium emerges in various contexts, ranging from the foundations of Landau’s Fermi-liquid theory to electron-exciton ...interaction in semiconductors, to unusual properties of high-temperature superconductors. While classically the medium provides only a dissipative environment to the impurity, the quantum picture of polaronic dressing is more intricate and arises from the interplay of few- and many-body aspects of the problem. The conventional expectation for the dynamics of Fermi polarons is that it is dissipative in character, and any excess energy is rapidly emitted away from the impurity as particle-hole excitations. Here we report a strikingly different type of polaron dynamics in a one-dimensional system of the impurity interacting repulsively with the fermions. When the total momentum of the system equals the Fermi momentum, there emerges a sharp collective mode corresponding to long-lived oscillations of the polaronic cloud surrounding the impurity. This mode can be observed experimentally with ultracold atoms using Ramsey interferometry and radio-frequency spectroscopy.
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•Non-numerical geological data helps significantly improve model prediction accuracy.•The SHAP method assesses the importance of each input feature.•Provided an executable program for ...the identification of deposit types.
Sphalerite is a commonly occurring mineral in natural systems and a prominent indicator mineral used in resource exploration. Its chemistry and associated mineral assemblages are both controlled by the physicochemical conditions of the local environment, such as temperature and sulfur fugacity. Accordingly, the chemistry of sphalerite and the nature of the associated minerals provide valuable clues about the classification of mineral deposits and their environment of formation. Nevertheless, exclusive reliance on the trace-element chemistry of sphalerite for deposit classification has its limitations given the multitude of factors (For example, deposit type, temperature, pressure, and background concentrations of elements) that affect its chemistry. To address this challenge, we develop machine learning models using the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method to assess the importance of sphalerite trace-element chemistry and mineral assemblage information to distinguishing between five petrogenetically distinct mineral deposit types. This contribution demonstrates that a composite model that incorporates both data types markedly improve the accuracy of deposit type discrimination. The composite model is composed of two sub-models, Random Forest (RF) and Extra Random Trees (ERT), which are specifically employed for processing trace-element data and mineral assemblage data, respectively, due to their superior performance in handling these two distinct types of datasets. To simplify the end-user experience, we provide an executable file of the machine learning-based classifier, allowing it to be readily applied as an exploration tool using simple inputs. In summary, this work substantially enhances the confidence of Pb-Zn deposit type classification using sphalerite and introduces an innovative perspective on the application of machine learning to resolving complex geological problems.
Sepsis is a critical disease associated with extremely high mortality. Some severe forms of sepsis can induce brain injury, thus causing behavioral and cognitive dysfunction. Pyroptosis is a type of ...cell death that differs from apoptosis and plays an important role in the occurrence and development of infectious diseases, nervous system-related diseases. A recent study has found that there is pyroptosis in the hippocampus of sepsis-induced brain injury, but its mechanism and treatment scheme have not been evaluated.
We established immediately a septic rat model by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP) after administration with recombinant club cell protein (rCC16) and/or U46619 in different groups. The clinical performance, survival percentage, vital signs, and neurobehavioral scores were monitored at different time points. Cortical pathological changes were also examined. The expression of cortical nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat-containing pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3), caspase-1, (p)-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and (p)-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) was detected by western blotting and immunofluorescence analysis. The levels of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the cortical supernatant were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Compared with the sham group, the clinical performance, survival percentage, vital signs, and severe cortical pathological changes in the CLP group were worse; NLRP3, caspase-1, and inflammatory factor levels were increased; and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK was also increased. Meanwhile, multiple indicators were deteriorated further after administration of U46619 in CLP rats. The clinical performance of CLP rats, however, was better after rCC16 administration; cortical pathological changes were attenuated; and NLRP3, caspase-1, and inflammatory factor levels and the phosphorylation of signaling pathway proteins (p38 MAPK and ERK) were reduced. Interestingly, the CLP rats showed the opposite changes in all indicators after administration with both rCC16 and U46619 when compared with those administered rCC16 alone.
In sepsis, rCC16 inhibits cortical pyroptosis through p38 MAPK and ERK signaling pathways. Meanwhile, rCC16 has a protective effect on newborn rats with sepsis, but it is not clear whether its mechanism is directly related to pyroptosis.
Glutamate plays an important role in brain development, neuronal migration, differentiation, survival and synaptogenesis. Recent studies have explored the relationship between blood glutamate levels ...and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, the findings are inconsistent. We undertook the first systematic review with a meta-analysis of studies examining blood glutamate levels in ASD compared with controls.
A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies published before March 2016. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) of the outcomes. Subgroup analyses were used to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity, and the publication bias was estimated using Egger's tests.
Twelve studies involving 880 participants and 446 incident cases were included in this meta-analysis. The meta-analysis provided evidence for higher blood glutamate levels in ASD SMD = 0.99, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 0.58-1.40; P < 0.001 with high heterogeneity (I2 = 86%, P < 0.001) across studies. The subgroup analyses revealed higher glutamate levels in ASD compared with controls in plasma SMD = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.58-1.50; P < 0.001 but not true in serum SMD = 0.79, 95% CI = -0.41-1.99; P = 0.20. Studies employing high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) assays also revealed higher blood glutamate levels in ASD. A sensitivity analysis found that the results were stable, and there was no evidence of publication bias.
Blood glutamate levels might be a potential biomarker of ASD.
Uneven zinc (Zn) deposition typically leads to uncontrollable dendrite growth, which renders an unsatisfactory cycling stability and Coulombic efficiency (CE) of aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), ...restricting their practical application. In this work, a lightweight and flexible three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanofiber architecture with uniform Zn seeds (CNF-Zn) is prepared from bacterial cellulose (BC), a kind of biomass with low cost, environmental friendliness, and abundance, as a host for highly reversible Zn plating/stripping and construction of high-performance aqueous ZIBs. The as-prepared 3D CNF-Zn with a porous interconnected network significantly decreases the local current density, and the functional Zn seeds provide uniform nuclei to guide the uniform Zn deposition. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of Zn seeds and the 3D porous framework in the flexible CNF-Zn host, the electrochemical performance of the as-constructed ZIBs is significantly improved. This flexible 3D CNF-Zn host delivers a high and stable CE of 99.5% over 450 cycles, ensuring outstanding rate performance and a long cycle life of over 500 cycles at 4 A g–1 in the CNF-Zn@Zn//NaV3O8·1.5H2O full battery. More importantly, owing to the flexibility of the 3D CNF-Zn host, the as-assembled pouch cell shows outstanding mechanical flexibility and excellent energy storage performance. This strategy of producing readily accessible carbon from biomass can be employed to develop advanced functional nanomaterials for next-generation flexible energy storage devices.
Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3), a component of the RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification with a specific catalytic capacity, controls gene expression by actively regulating RNA splicing, ...nuclear export, stability, and translation, determines the fate of RNAs and assists in regulating biological processes. Studies conducted in recent decades have demonstrated the pivotal regulatory role of METTL3 in liver disorders, including hepatic lipid metabolism disorders, liver fibrosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and liver cancer. Although METTL3’s roles in these diseases have been extensively investigated, the regulatory network of METTL3 and its potential applications remain unexplored. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the roles and mechanisms of METTL3 implicated in these diseases, establish a regulatory network of METTL3, evaluate the potential for targeting METTL3 for diagnosis and treatment, and discuss avenues for future development and research. We found relatively upregulated expressions of METTL3 in these liver diseases, demonstrating its potential as a diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target.
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•METTL3 regulates lipid metabolism in hepatic lipid metabolism disorder.•METTL3 activates hepatic stellate cells into myofibroblasts in liver fibrosis.•METTL3 promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver transit to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.•METTL3 facilitates the occurrence and progression of liver cancers.•Targeting METTL3 for liver cancer treatment.
High levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in tumors are commonly associated with poor prognosis, enhanced doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity, and even drug resistance in DOX-related cancer ...chemotherapy. Several peptides possess remarkable protein inhibition and chemosensitization effects, which are attributed to their specific targeting ability against HSP70. However, the inherent poor cell penetration capacity considerably restricts the biomedical applications of these peptides. We herein describe the design and development of anti-MUC1 aptamer-peptide conjugates (ApPCs) as targeted chemosensitizers to overcome the above-mentioned issues. Moreover, DOX could be loaded on the ApPC to deliver the DOX-enclosed agent ApPC-DOX, which simultaneously acts as a targeted chemosensitizer and anticancer agent for combating drug resistance in breast cancer therapy. This innovative, engineered biocompatible conjugate not only enhances the sensitivity of DOX-resistant cells but also alleviates cardiotoxicity of DOX in vivo, highlighting the success of this targeted chemosensitizer strategy.
It is well known that the motion of a target induces range migration, especially for high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems. Ground moving target imaging necessitates the correction ...of the unknown range migration. To finely refocus a moving target, one must accurately obtain the motion parameters for compensating the target trajectory. However, in practice, these parameters usually cannot be precisely estimated. This paper proposes a new imaging approach for ground moving targets without a priori knowledge of their motion parameters. In the devised method, the azimuth compression function is constructed in range frequency domain, which can eliminate the coupling effect between range and azimuth. Theoretical analysis confirms that the methodology can precisely focus targets without interpolation procedure. The effectiveness of the proposed imaging technique is demonstrated by both simulated and real airborne SAR data.
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