We study several classes of exterior and interior axially symmetric spacetimes, such as wormholes, accelerating black holes, and binary black hole systems, from the point of view of light surfaces ...related to the generators of Killing horizons. We show that light surfaces constitute a useful framework for the study of the more diverse axially symmetric geometries. In particular, we point out the existence of common properties of the light surfaces in different spacetimes. We introduce a deformation of the Kerr–Newman metric and apply the light surfaces framework to analyze several generalizations in a compact form. As particular examples, we analyze static and spinning wormhole solutions, black holes immersed in external (perfect fluid) dark matter, spacetimes with (Taub) NUT charge, acceleration, magnetic charge, and cosmological constant, binary Reissner–Nordström black holes, a solution of a (low-energy effective) heterotic string theory, and the
(
1
+
2
)
dimensional BTZ geometry.
We discuss the fundamentals of classical black hole (
BH
) thermodynamics in a new framework determined by light surfaces and their frequencies. This new approach allows us to study
BH
transitions ...inside the Kerr geometry. In the case of
BH
s, we introduce a new parametrization of the metric in terms of the maximum extractable rotational energy or, correspondingly, the irreducible mass, which is an alternative to the spin parametrization. It turns out that
BH
spacetimes with spins
a
/
M
=
8
/
9
and
a
/
M
=
1
/
2
show anomalies in the rotational energy extraction and surface gravity whereas the case
a
/
M
=
3
/
2
is of particular relevance to study the variations of the horizon area. We find the general conditions under which
BH
transitions can occur and express them in terms of the masses of the initial and final states. This shows that
BH
transitions in the Kerr geometry are not arbitrary but depend on the relationship between the mass and spin of the initial and final states. From an observational point of view, we argue that near the
BH
poles it is possible to detect photon orbits with frequencies that characterize the light surfaces analyzed in this work.
We perform a detailed analysis of the properties of stationary observers located on the equatorial plane of the ergosphere in a Kerr spacetime, including light-surfaces. This study highlights crucial ...differences between black hole and the super-spinner sources. In the case of Kerr naked singularities, the results allow us to distinguish between “weak” and “strong ” singularities, corresponding to spin values close to or distant from the limiting case of extreme black holes, respectively. We derive important limiting angular frequencies for naked singularities. We especially study very weak singularities as resulting from the spin variation of black holes. We also explore the main properties of zero angular momentum observers for different classes of black hole and naked singularity spacetimes.
We investigate charged particles’ circular motion in the gravitational field of a charged mass distribution described by the Reissner–Nordström spacetime. We introduce a set of independent parameters ...completely characterizing the different spatial regions in which circular motion is allowed. We provide a most complete classification of circular orbits for different sets of particle and source charge-to-mass ratios. We study both black holes and naked singularities and show that the behavior of charged particles depend drastically on the type of source. Our analysis shows in an alternative manner that the behavior of circular orbits can in principle be used to distinguish between black holes and naked singularities. From this analysis, special limiting values for the dimensionless charge of black hole and naked singularity emerge, namely, Q/M
=
1/2,
Q
/
M
=
13
/
5
and
Q
/
M
=
2
/
3
for the black hole case and Q/M
=
1,
Q
/
M
=
5
/
(
2
6
)
,
Q
/
M
=
3
6
/
7
, and finally
Q
/
M
=
9
/
8
for the naked singularity case. Similarly and surprisingly, analogous limits emerge for the orbiting particles charge-to-mass ratio
ϵ
, for positive charges
ϵ
=
1
,
ϵ
=
2
and
ϵ
=
M
/
Q
. These limits play an important role in the study of the coupled electromagnetic and gravitational interactions, and the investigation of the role of the charge in the gravitational collapse of compact objects.
Inflation driven by non-linear electrodynamics Benaoum, H. B.; Leon, Genly; Övgün, A. ...
The European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
05/2023, Volume:
83, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We investigate the inflation driven by a nonlinear electromagnetic field based on an NLED lagrangian density
L
nled
=
-
F
f
F
, where
f
F
is a general function depending on
F
. We first formulate an
...f
-NLED cosmological model with a more general function
f
F
and show that all NLED models can be expressed in this framework; then, we investigate in detail two interesting examples of the function
f
F
. We present our phenomenological model based on a new Lagrangian for NLED. Solutions to the field equations with the physical properties of the cosmological parameters are obtained. We show that the early Universe had no Big-Bang singularity, which accelerated in the past. We also investigate the qualitative implications of NLED by studying the inflationary parameters, like the slow-roll parameters, spectral index
n
s
, and tensor-to-scalar ratio
r
, and compare our results with observational data. Detailed phase-space analysis of our NLED cosmological model is performed with and without matter source. As a first approach, we consider the motion of a particle of unit mass in an effective potential. Our systems correspond to fast-slow systems for physical values of the electromagnetic field and the energy densities at the end of inflation. We analyze a complementary system using Hubble-normalized variables to investigate the cosmological evolution before the matter-dominated Universe.
ABSTRACT
The equilibrium configurations of uniformly rotating white dwarfs at finite temperatures are investigated, exploiting the Chandrasekhar equation of state for different isothermal cores. The ...Hartle–Thorne formalism is applied to construct white dwarf configurations in the framework of Newtonian physics. The equations of structure are considered in the slow-rotation approximation and all basic parameters of rotating hot white dwarfs are computed to test the so-called moment of inertia, tidal Love number, and quadrupole moment (I–Love–Q) relations. It is shown that even within the same equation of state the I–Love–Q relations are not universal for white dwarfs at finite temperatures.
We investigate in detail the circular motion of test particles in the equatorial plane of the ergoregion in the Kerr spacetime. We consider all the regions where circular motion is allowed, and we ...analyze the stability properties and the energy and angular momentum of the test particles. We show that the structure of the stability regions has definite features that make it possible to distinguish between black holes and naked singularities. The naked singularity case presents a very structured non-connected set of regions of orbital stability, where the presence of counterrotating particles and zero angular momentum particles for a specific class of naked singularities is interpreted as due to the presence of a repulsive field generated by the central source of gravity. In particular, we analyze the effects of the dynamical structure of the ergoregion (the union of the orbital regions for different attractor spins) on the behavior of accretion disks around the central source. The properties of the circular motion turn out to be so distinctive that they allow for the introduction of a complete classification of Kerr spacetimes, each class of which is characterized by different physical effects that could be of especial relevance in observational astrophysics. We also identify some special black-hole spacetimes where these effects could be relevant.
Kerr metric Killing bundles Pugliese, D; Quevedo, H
European physical journal. C, Particles and fields,
03/2021, Volume:
81, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
We provide a complete characterization of the metric Killing bundles (or metric bundles) of the Kerr geometry. Metric bundles can be generally defined for axially symmetric spacetimes with Killing ...horizons and, for the case of Kerr geometries, are sets of black holes (BHs) or black holes and naked singularities (NSs) geometries. Each metric of a bundle has an equal limiting photon (orbital) frequency, which defines the bundle and coincides with the frequency of a Killing horizon in the extended plane. In this plane each bundle is represented as a curve tangent to the curve that represents the horizons, which thus emerge as the envelope surfaces of the metric bundles. We show that the horizons frequency can be used to establish a connection between BHs and NSs, providing an alternative representation of such spacetimes in the extended plane and an alternative definition of the BH horizons. We introduce the concept of inner horizon confinement and horizons replicas and study the possibility of detecting their frequencies. We study the bundle characteristic frequencies constraining the inner horizon confinement in the outer region of the plane i.e. the possibility of detect frequency related to the inner horizon, and the horizons replicas, structures which may be detectable for example from the emission spectra of BHs spacetimes. With the replicas we prove the existence of photon orbits with equal orbital frequency of the horizons. It is shown that such observations can be performed close to the rotation axis of the Kerr geometry, depending on the BH spin. We argue that these results could be used to further investigate black holes and their thermodynamic properties.
Laser-plasma accelerators of only a centimetre's length have produced nearly monoenergetic electron bunches with energy as high as 1 GeV. Scaling these compact accelerators to multi-gigaelectronvolt ...energy would open the prospect of building X-ray free-electron lasers and linear colliders hundreds of times smaller than conventional facilities, but the 1 GeV barrier has so far proven insurmountable. Here, by applying new petawatt laser technology, we produce electron bunches with a spectrum prominently peaked at 2 GeV with only a few per cent energy spread and unprecedented sub-milliradian divergence. Petawatt pulses inject ambient plasma electrons into the laser-driven accelerator at much lower density than was previously possible, thereby overcoming the principal physical barriers to multi-gigaelectronvolt acceleration: dephasing between laser-driven wake and accelerating electrons and laser pulse erosion. Simulations indicate that with improvements in the laser-pulse focus quality, acceleration to nearly 10 GeV should be possible with the available pulse energy.
PDF
