Background. Data supporting the efficacy of condoms against human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in males are limited. Therefore, we examined the effect of consistent condom use on genital HPV ...acquisition and duration of infection. Methods. A prospective analysis was conducted within the HPV Infection in Men Study, a multinational HPV cohort study. Men who were recently sexually active (n = 3323) were stratified on the basis of sexual risk behaviors and partnerships. Using Cox proportional hazards regression, type-specific incidence of HPV infection and clearance were modeled for each risk group to assess independent associations with condom use. Results. The risk of HPV acquisition was 2-fold lower among men with no steady sex partner who always used condoms, compared with those who never used condoms (hazard ratio, 0.54), after adjustment for country, age, race, education duration, smoking, alcohol, and number of recent sex partners. The probability of clearing an oncogenic HPV infection was 30% higher among nonmonogamous men who always used condoms with nonsteady sex partners, compared with men who never used condoms (hazard ratio, 1.29), after adjustment for country, age, race, education duration, marital status, smoking, alcohol, and number of recent sex partners. No protective effects of condom use were observed among monogamous men. Conclusions. Condoms should be promoted in combination with HPV vaccination to prevent HPV infection in men.
Male sexual behavior influences the rates of cervical dysplasia and invasive cervical cancer, as well as male human papillomavirus
(HPV) infection and disease. Unfortunately, little is known ...regarding male HPV type distribution by age and across countries.
In samples combined from the coronal sulcus, glans penis, shaft, and scrotum of 1,160 men from Brazil, Mexico, and the United
States, overall HPV prevalence was 65.2%, with 12.0% oncogenic types only, 20.7% nononcogenic types only, 17.8% both oncogenic
and nononcogenic, and 14.7% unclassified infections. Multiple HPV types were detected in 25.7% of study participants. HPV
prevalence was higher in Brazil (72.3%) than in the United States (61.3%) and Mexico (61.9%). HPV16 (6.5%), HPV51 (5.3%),
and HPV59 (5.3%) were the most commonly detected oncogenic infections, and HPV84 (7.7%), HPV62 (7.3%), and HPV6 (6.6%) were
the most commonly detected nononcogenic infections. Overall HPV prevalence was not associated with age. However, significant
associations with age were observed when specific categories of HPV, nononcogenic, and unclassified HPV infections were considered.
Studies of HPV type distribution among a broad age range of men from multiple countries is needed to fill the information
gap internationally with respect to our knowledge of HPV infection in men. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(8):2036–43)
Background. Although there are limited numbers of incidence and persistence estimates for anal human papillomavirus (HPV) in women and in men who have sex with men (MSM), there are no such reports ...for men who have sex with women (MSW). Methods. Genotyping was performed on anal samples from men, aged 18-70, from São Paulo, Brazil; Cuernavaca, Mexico; and Tampa, Florida, who provided specimens at enrollment and the 6-month visit of a 4-year prospective study. Eligibility included no history of genital warts or human immunodeficiency virus. A total of 954 MSW and 156 MSM provided evaluable specimens at both visits. Persistence was defined as type-specific infection at each visit. Results. Incident anal infection was common among both MSM and MSW but generally higher for MSM for HPV groups and specific genotypes. A total of 5.1% of MSM and 0.0% of MSW had a persistent HPV-16 infection at the 6-month visit. Cigarette smoking among MSM and age among MSW were associated with persistent infection with any HPV genotype. Conclusions. Although anal HPV infection is commonly acquired by both MSW and MSM, incident events and persistence occurred more often among MSM. Cigarette smoking is a modifiable risk factor that may contribute to HPV persistence among MSM.
Risk of hyperuricemia is modified by genetic and environmental factors. Our aim was to identify factors associated with serum uric acid levels and hyperuricemia in Mexicans. A pilot Genome-wide ...association study GWAS was performed in a subgroup of participants (
= 411) from the Health Workers Cohort Study (HWCS). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with serum uric acid levels were validated in all the HWCS participants (
= 1939) and replicated in independent children (
= 1080) and adult (
= 1073) case-control studies. The meta-analysis of the whole HWCS and replication samples identified three
SNPs:
(
= 2.3 × 10
),
(
= 8.2 × 10
) and
(
= 1.1 × 10
); and an
missense SNP,
(
= 1.0 × 10
). Among the non-genetic factors identified, the visceral adiposity index, smoking, the metabolic syndrome and its components (waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose and hyperlipidemia) were associated with increased serum uric acid levels and hyperuricemia (
< 0.05). Among the female HWCS participants, the odds ratio for hyperuricemia was 1.24 (95% CI, 1.01-1.53) per unit increase in soft drink consumption. As reported in other studies, our findings indicate that diet, adiposity and genetic variation contribute to the elevated prevalence of hyperuricemia in Mexico.
Genome-wide association studies in people with European ancestry suggest that polymorphisms in genes involved in vitamin D (VD) metabolism have an effect on serum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin ...D. However, nothing is known about these polymorphisms in populations with Amerindian ancestry. Our aim was to evaluate the association between genetic variants on the vitamin D receptor (VDR) and the vitamin D binding protein (GC) genes, involved in the VD pathway, and VD deficiency in 689 unrelated Mexican postmenopausal women. We also described the frequencies of these variants in 355 postmenopausal women from different ethnic groups. Based on our preliminary results of 400 unrelated Mexican postmenopausal women, three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected for genotyping. The SNPs rs4516035 in VDR and rs2282679 in GC were associated with VD deficiency. Additionally, women who carried three risk alleles had a 3.67 times higher risk of suffering VD deficiency, compared to women with no risk alleles (p = 0.002). The rs4516035-C allele frequency in the Amerindian population was enriched in the South East region of Mexico. In contrast, the highest frequency of the rs2298850-C allele, a proxy for the tag SNP rs2282679, was observed in the South region. Our results indicate that genetic variants in VDR and GC genes are associated with VD deficiency in Mexican postmenopausal women. Moreover, an association was observed for the variants rs3794060 and rs4944957 of the DHCR7/NADSYN1 gene with osteopenia/osteoporosis.
Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease mainly affecting women over 50 years old and it represents a serious public health problem because of the high socioeconomic burden. This disease is characterized ...by deterioration of bone microarchitecture, low bone mineral density (BMD), and increased risk of fragility fractures. This study aimed to identify serum useful proteins as biomarkers for the diagnosis and/or prognosis of osteoporosis and fracture risk. We collected 446 serum samples from postmenopausal women aged ≥45 years old. Based on the BMD measurement, we classified the participants into three groups: osteoporotic, osteopenic, and normal. In an initial discovery stage, we conducted a proteomic approach using two-dimensional differential gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). The peptides into the spots of interest were identified through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to validate the proteins of interest. We identified 27 spots of interest when comparing low BMD versus normal BMD postmenopausal women. Based on their relevance in bone metabolism, we analyzed three proteins: ceruloplasmin (CP), gelsolin (GSN), and vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP). Our results demonstrated that low serum VDBP levels correlate with low BMD (osteopenic and osteoporotic). Therefore, VDBP could be considered as a novel, potential, and non-invasive biomarker for the early detection of osteoporosis.
Objectives
This cross‐sectional study examined the distribution and correlates of salivary secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) concentrations within a multinational cohort of men.
Methods
...Extracellular SLPI was measured in oral gargle cell supernatants of 378 men from three countries using an ELISA‐based assay. Risk factor data were collected by a questionnaire. Factors associated with SLPI were assessed using linear and logistic regression for continuous and categorical SLPI, respectively.
Results
Among men aged 18–73 years, the median SLPI concentration was 492.0 ng ml−1 (range: 2.3–1919.9). In multivariable modeling, men in Brazil and younger men (18–30 years) were more likely to have higher levels of SLPI adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.84; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.94–7.59, and aOR 3.84; 95% CI: 1.98–7.43, respectively. Men with a self‐reported sexually transmitted diseases diagnosis in the past 6 months were more likely to have higher SLPI levels (aOR 2.98; 95% CI: 1.1–7.83) and men reporting bleeding/swollen gums were less likely to have higher SLPI (aOR 0.34; 95% CI: 0.15–0.79). Similar results were observed for linear regression models.
Conclusions
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor concentrations varied significantly by country and decreased with increasing age. The interaction between SLPI, modifiable factors, and oral infections that influence cancer risk warrants further investigation.
Osteoporosis is the most frequent disorder of bone metabolism, owing to an alteration between osteoclast and osteoblast activity, which results from the interaction of genetic, environmental, and ...epigenetic factors. microRNAs, small non-coding RNAs of around 22 nucleotides with important regulatory roles in gene regulation, that target mRNAs for post-transcriptional destabilization have been suggested as biomarkers in several disorders. In this work, we used small RNA sequencing to identify microRNAs from peripheral blood monocytes that were differentially expressed between non-osteoporotic and osteoporotic Mexican postmenopausal women, to elucidate the potential role of microRNAs as non-invasive marker candidates in osteoporosis. We identified six candidate microRNAs: four were up-regulated (miR-708-5p, miR-34b-5p, miR-3161, miR-328-5p), while two were down-regulated (miR-4422 and miR-939-3p) in osteoporotic women. Differential expression was validated by quantitative RT-PCR and only the upregulation of miR-708-5p was found to be statistically significant. Bioinformatic analysis of target genes for miR-708-5p showed 15 signaling pathways related to bone metabolism. Since monocytes are osteoclast precursors, 10 potential target genes present in these pathways and related to osteoclastogenesis were identified (AKT1, AKT2, CCND1, PARP1, SMAD3, CXCL5, FKBP5, MAP2K3, MMP2, and IKBKG). Five of them were found to be down-regulated according to microarray expression data. This is the first time that miR-708-5p has been identified in peripheral blood monocytes and associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Our results suggest that miR-708-5p reduces the expression of AKT1, AKT2, PARP1 FKBP5, and MP2K3 in peripheral blood monocytes contributing to an osteoporotic phenotype and could be a candidate marker for postmenopausal osteoporosis in Mexican population.
Impact statement
This is the first study in which hsa-miR-708-5p has been identified in peripheral blood monocytes (osteoclast precursors) and associated with postmenopausal osteoporosis through small RNA-Sequencing, in an Admixed Mexican Mestizo population. By conducting in silico and bioinformatic analyzes, we identified target genes and important signaling pathways involved in bone metabolism pointing hsa-miR-708-5p as a candidate marker for osteoporosis in Mexican population. These approaches provide a landscape of the post-transcriptional regulation, which can be useful for the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis along with the potential use of microRNAs as markers for its early detection.
Identifying factors associated with condyloma are necessary for prevention efforts. Risk factors for incident condyloma were examined in a cohort of 2487 men from the United States, Brazil, and ...Mexico and were followed up every 6 months (median, 17.9 months). Factors strongly associated with condyloma were incident infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 (hazard ratio HR, 12.42 95% confidence interval {CI}, 3.78-40.77), age (HR, 0.43 95% CI, .26-. 77; 45-70 vs 18-30 years), high lifetime number of female partners (HR, 5.69 95% CI, 1.80-17.97; ≥21 vs 0 partners), and number of male partners (HR, 4.53 95% CI, 1.68-12.20; ≥3 vs 0 partners). The results suggest that HPV types 6 and 11 and recent sexual behavior are strongly associated with incident condyloma.
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