The number Y
n
of offspring of the most prolific individual in the nth generation of a Bienaymé–Galton–Watson process is studied. The asymptotic behaviour of Y
n
as n → ∞ may be viewed as an extreme ...value problem for i.i.d. random variables with random sample size. Limit theorems for both Y
n
and EY
n
provided that the offspring mean is finite are obtained using some convergence results for branching processes as well as a transfer limit lemma for maxima. Subcritical, critical and supercritical branching processes are considered separately.
On the basis of large-scale star-calibrated lunar photographs, the rectangular selenoequatorial coordinates of the center of the figure of lunar marginal zone have been obtained with reference to its ...mass center, the position of which has been computed by the ephemerides j = 2 and LURE-2. A new definition method of lunar mass center coordinates by photographic observation in system j = 2 and LURE-2 is proposed.
Introduction: Orbital floor fractures are common within midface fractures. Their management includes restoration of orbital volume and anatomy. However, these procedures could be associated with the ...mispositioning of implants and inadequate volume restoration. Nowadays medical rapid prototyping, virtual planning (VP), and navigation systems significantly increase the precision of such procedures. Nevertheless, the application of intraoperative navigation could be associated with intraoperative mistakes related to two-dimensional imaging. The application of mixed reality (MR) could solve this problem. The current study aims to demonstrate the application of MR in orbital reconstruction. Materials and Methods: The current study included experimental and clinical implementation of MR in orbital reconstruction. Within the experimental part, 10 residents and 5 experienced maxillofacial surgeons were added. All data and customised software were well documented and then used in a single clinical case of orbital floor reconstruction. Results: Visual assessment of plate positioning within the experiment revealed proper plate positioning in 8 cases. A comparison of virtual and real measurements showed a stable deviation of 0.65-1.15 (mean 0.9 mm). As a result of the clinical implementation of MR technology, after surgical reconstruction, the patient showed improvement in ocular mobility and reduction of diplopia. A postoperative computed tomography scan showed proper plate positioning. Discussion: Implementation of MR based on VP could significantly improve the results of preoperative planning, intraoperative navigation, and surgery. However, existing technical limitations that relate to navigation principles could produce mistakes and errors. Therefore, further investigations related to the 6 degrees of freedom problem solution are considered reasonable in the elimination of listed issues.
The muscular dystrophies are a group of heterogeneous genetic diseases characterized by progressive degeneration and weakness of skeletal muscle. Since the discovery of the first muscular dystrophy ...gene encoding dystrophin, a large number of genes have been identified that are involved in various muscle-wasting and neuromuscular disorders. Human genetic studies complemented by animal model systems have substantially contributed to our understanding of the molecular pathomechanisms underlying muscle degeneration. Moreover, these studies have revealed distinct molecular and cellular mechanisms that link genetic mutations to diverse muscle wasting phenotypes.
Abstract
The stationary immigration has a limited effect over the asymptotic behavior of the underlying branching process. It affects mostly the limiting distribution and the life-period of the ...process. In contrast, if the immigration rate changes over time, then the asymptotic behavior of the process is significantly different and a variety of new phenomena are observed. In this review we discuss branching processes with time non-homogeneous immigration. Our goal is to help researchers interested in the topic to familiarize themselves with the current state of research.
The assumption of asymptotic flatness for isolated astrophysical bodies may be considered an approximation when one considers a cosmological context where a cosmological constant or vacuum energy is ...present. In this framework we study the motion of spinning particles in static, spherically symmetric and asymptotically non-flat spacetimes with repulsive cosmological vacuum energy and quintessential field. Due to the combined effects of gravitational attraction and cosmological repulsion, the region where stable circular orbits are allowed is restricted by an innermost and an outermost stable circular orbits. We show that taking into account the spin of test particles may enlarge or shrink the region of allowed stable circular orbits depending on whether the spin is co-rotating or counter-rotating with the angular momentum of the particles.
Decyzje dotyczące zarządzania są zawsze podejmowane na podstawie zestawu nieprzypadkowych alternatyw. Każda opcja ma charakter duchowy. W obliczu niepewności człowiek wybiera nie przypadkowe ...alternatywy, ale w ramach sytuacji, którą zaoferował mu Bóg. W istocie człowiek dokonuje wyboru między cnotą a pasją, dobrem a złem.
Przyczyny wahań koniunkturalnych w gospodarce mają charakter duchowy. Bóg pozwala człowiekowi czynić niegodziwość do czasu, jednak później nadchodzi moment, gdy Bóg poskramia bieg człowieka. ...Zatrzymanie wzrostu gospodarki pożądanej przez człowieka, a następnie jej recesja następuje z woli Bożej, która ratuje człowieka przed samozniszczeniem.
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