Objective: current system of organizing material and technical supply (MTS) in the Russian Railways Holding evaluation, determining the place and role of the regional supply department (RSD) in it, ...and identifying the most significant aspects of its activities. Methods: methods of comparative analysis of industry methodological documents and regulations for the functioning of both the entire MTS system and its individual departments, methods for calculating coefficients assessing the condition and use of the RSD fuel tank farm, statistical analysis and data processing, were used to achieve the goal of the study. Materials from scientific works on the chosen topic and periodicals were used to carry out the research. Results: highlighted the distinctive features of the MTS system in railway transport, that are expressed in a management and financing system high degree of centralization, in a number of financial and organizational restrictions of the regional material and technical supply department activities, reducing its functions in the procurement and delivery processes to operational control. The state and efficiency of using the fuel resource storage system in the department are evaluated, some proposals are made for its modernization. Practical significance: based on the calculations and comparative analysis of the results obtained, the advantages of modernizing the existing storage system for fuel and energy resources using modular storage technologies in directions with insignificant and changing cargo flows are substantiated. Those proposals can be used to improve the efficiency of the system for providing fuel resources to railway transport organizations.
In the paper we consider the following modification of a discrete-time branching process with stationary immigration. In each generation a binomially distributed subset of the population will be ...observed. The number of observed individuals constitute a partially observed branching process. After inspection both observed and unobserved individuals may change their offspring distributions. In the subcritical case we investigate the possibility of using the known estimators for the offspring mean and for the mean of the stationary-limiting distribution of the process when the observation of the population sizes is restricted. We prove that, if both the population and the number of immigrants are partially observed, the estimators are still strongly consistent. We also prove that the `skipped' version of the estimator for the offspring mean is asymptotically normal and the estimator of the stationary distribution's mean is asymptotically normal under additional assumptions.
Meeting the demand for food products has been a pressing issue throughout the development of human society. The emergence of these problems has been closely linked to factors such as population ...growth and challenges in food production. In essence, as the global population increases exponentially, so does the demand for food products. These challenges, in meeting the demand for food products, often coincide with economic crises and geopolitical tensions, creating more problematic situations. Given all these considerations, there is a greater need for stimulating food production in modern conditions. The process of stimulating food production is particularly relevant in developing countries, where factors contributing to intensity in food production are relatively low and processes related to the application of the latest achievements in agricultural technology are weakly implemented. In modern conditions, the influence of global trends on stimulating food production is more pronounced. This process has its own socio-economic dimensions. Firstly, it is closely related to the deepening of the globalization process in the international relations system, as well as the incorporation of globalization into various aspects of society, including social, economic, and even household life. The globalization process affects not only socio-economic fields but also natural-geographical processes to a significant extent. Global climate change, including global warming and other factors, fundamentally affect food production, creating sharp problems. Particularly, ecological issues, destruction of green spaces, water conflicts, and other factors negatively impact the food production sector. Therefore, considering global trends in stimulating food production is of paramount importance. Considering global trends in stimulating food production primarily entails taking necessary measures to eliminate the adverse effects of these trends.
Genetics of Nonsyndromic Orofacial Clefts Rahimov, Fedik; Jugessur, Astanand; Murray, Jeffrey C.
The Cleft palate-craniofacial journal,
01/2012, Volume:
49, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
With an average worldwide prevalence of approximately 1.2/1000 live births, orofacial clefts are the most common craniofacial birth defects in humans. Like other complex disorders, these birth ...defects are thought to result from the complex interplay of multiple genes and environmental factors. Significant progress in the identification of underlying genes and pathways has benefited from large populations available for study, increased international collaboration, rapid advances in genotyping technology, and major improvements in analytic approaches. Here we review recent advances in genetic epidemiological approaches to complex traits and their applications to studies of nonsyndromic orofacial clefts. Our main aim is to bring together a discussion of new and previously identified candidate genes to create a more cohesive picture of interacting pathways that shape the human craniofacial region. In future directions, we highlight the need to search for copy number variants that affect gene dosage and rare variants that are possibly associated with a higher disease penetrance. In addition, sequencing of protein-coding regions in candidate genes and screening for genetic variation in noncoding regulatory elements will help advance this important area of research.
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