Consumption of fruits and vegetables is an indispensable component of human dietary preference, however; it is unfortunate that the enormous pesticide residues remain in the plant produces. ...Pesticides used to control the pests and diseases of the crops and livestock and its spill-over in the food production system has been an inevitable consequence. Researchers have been taking persistent efforts to eliminate pesticide residues in the food to make it safe for human consumption. Conventional techniques such as the washing of agricultural produces with chemicals, peeling, salting, and using different agents have not been an efficient means of pesticide removal.
In recent times, the emergence of non-thermal technology such as the ozone to degrade the pesticide residues is of great utility in the food processing industries. It is also considered as a green technology because unlike other conventional methods ozone treatment leaves little residual traces. However, some of the discrepancies and challenges in using this technology require to be addressed to increase its efficiency. The objective of the current review is to provide a comprehensive and critical view of the use of ozone in pesticide residue dissipation in various food matrixes.
Analysis of the pros and cons of ozone treatment reveals it as a potential technique for the degradation of pesticide residues. The diversity and complexity of pesticides along with the inherent differences in their chemical structures and residue levels of pesticides in agro-products are the factors that require due consideration. Furthermore, processing and operating conditions of the ozone treatment are some of the other major determinants to improve the efficiency of ozone treatment for the degradation of pesticides.
•The concept of application of ozone in degrading the pesticide residues introduced.•Ozone-based dissipation of pesticides in food matrix for quality agro-products.•Challenges and prospects of ozone in food industry are enumerated.
•A synopsis of heat and mass transfer mechanism during roasting.•Overview of conventional and emerging roasting methods.•Novel techniques ensure uniform and efficient roasting with superior ...control.•A critical appraisal of the effect of roasting on different food matrix components.
Roasting is a food processingtechnique that employs the principle of heating to cook the product evenly and enhance the digestibility, palatability and sensory aspects of foods with desirable structural modifications of the food matrix. With the burgeoning demand for fortified roasted products along with the concern for food hygiene and the effects of harmful compounds, novel roasting techniques, and equipment to overcome the limitations of conventional operations are indispensable. Roasting techniques employing microwave, infrared hot-air, superheated steam, Revtech roaster, and Forced Convection Continuous Tumble (FCCT) roasting have been figuratively emerging to prominence for effectively roasting different foods without compromising the nutritional quality. The present review critically appraises various conventional and emerging roasting techniques, their advantages and limitations, and their effect on different food matrix components, functional properties, structural attributes, and sensory aspects for a wide range of products. It was seen that thermal processing at high temperatures for increased durations affected both the physicochemical and structural properties of food. Nevertheless, novel techniques caused minimum destructive impacts as compared to the traditional processes. However, further studies applying novel roasting techniques with a wide range of operating conditions on different types of products are crucial to establish the potential of these techniques in obtaining safe, quality foods.
Globally, yellow mosaic disease (YMD) remains a major constraint of mungbean production, and management of this deadly disease is still the biggest challenge. Thus, finding ways to manage YMD ...including development of varieties possessing resistance against mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) and mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) is a research priority for mungbean crop. Characterization of YMD resistance using various advanced molecular and biochemical approaches during plant-virus interactions has unfolded a comprehensive network of pathogen survival, disease severity, and the response of plants to pathogen attack, including mechanisms of YMD resistance in mungbean. The biggest challenge in YMD management is the effective utilization of an array of information gained so far, in an integrated manner for the development of genotypes having durable resistance against yellow mosaic virus (YMV) infection. In this backdrop, this review summarizes the role of various begomoviruses, its genomic components, and vector whiteflies, including cryptic species in the YMD expression. Also, information about the genetics of YMD in both mungbean and blackgram crops is comprehensively presented, as both the species are crossable, and same viral strains are also found affecting these crops. Also, implications of various management strategies including the use of resistance sources, the primary source of inoculums and vector management, wide-hybridization, mutation breeding, marker-assisted selection (MAS), and pathogen-derived resistance (PDR) are thoroughly discussed. Finally, the prospects of employing various powerful emerging tools like translational genomics, and gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 are also highlighted to complete the YMD management perspective in mungbean.
Background: Teledentistry which is similar to telemedicine has emerged as a new tool for various dental disciplines. Teleperiodontics is a branch of telehealth which focuses on the application of ...digital communication technology into the field of periodontics without demanding a specialist presence. An early detection and diagnosis of periodontal conditions can not only treat the disease in its early stage but also prolong the health of the periodontium, thereby improving the overall quality of life of an individual. However, teledentistry has not penetrated into the field of periodontics to a level it has to in providing periodontal care. Hence, the aim of this questionnaire study was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and application of teleperiodontics into everyday practice among the dental surgeons at various levels. Materials and Methods: An electronic questionnaire consisting of 29 close-ended questions including sections assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of teledentistry and teleperiodontics was sent to dental colleges present in East and West Godavari districts of Andhra Pradesh. Results: A total of 350 responses were received and 80.57% dental surgeons were aware about teledentistry, and a total of 74% dental surgeons were likely to prescribe oral hygiene aids and medication for temporary management of periodontal conditions. Conclusion: Teleperiodontics is an emerging science whose knowledge, attitude, and application are yet to be explored.
Solar energy consumption is a systematic study used to review the design of facilities, services, and equipment in an organization against specifications of solar panel. The solar panel energy ...consumption analysis is a work that should be done at the beginning of a solar energy. This way, potential changes can be highlighted before they affect the solar energy budget and schedule. The proposed model provides the IOT-based smart solar energy consumption analysis and control model by using solar photovoltaic micro grid. The proposed IOT design must meet product and process requirements. The solar panel energy should properly address important aspects of production processes. This should include risks related to product quality and safety. Finally, unacceptable risks must be minimized by design. In the solar energy consumption analysis process, the deliverables should be evaluated; customers should precheck the proposed design and identify problematic areas, if any. Solar energy consumption analysis reveals whether user requirements and features are sufficient to achieve the desired outcome. Likewise, there should be corrective actions for discrepancies found in design reviews.
Onion thrips, Thrips tabaci Lindeman, an economically important onion pest in India, poses a severe threat to the domestic and export supply of onions. Therefore, it is important to study the ...distribution of this pest in order to assess the possible crop loss, which it may inflict if not managed in time. In this study, MaxEnt was used to analyze the potential distribution of T. tabaci in India and predict the changes in the suitable areas for onion thrips under two scenarios, SSP126 and SSP585. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 0.993 and 0.989 for training and testing demonstrated excellent model accuracy. The true skill statistic value of 0.944 and 0.921, and the continuous Boyce index of 0.964 and 0.889 for training and testing, also showed higher model accuracy. Annual Mean Temperature (bio1), Annual Precipitation (bio12) and Precipitation Seasonality (bio15) are the main variables that determined the potential distribution of T. tabaci, with the suitable range of 22-28 °C; 300-1000 mm and 70-160, respectively. T. tabaci is distributed mainly in India's central and southern states, with 1.17 × 10
km
, covering 36.4% of land area under the current scenario. Multimodal ensembles show that under a low emission scenario (SSP126), low, moderate and optimum suitable areas of T. tabaci is likely to increase, while highly suitable areas would decrease by 17.4% in 2050 20.9% in 2070. Whereas, under the high emission scenario (SSP585), the high suitability is likely to contract by 24.2% and 51.7% for 2050 and 2070, respectively. According to the prediction of the BCC-CSM2-MR, CanESM5, CNRM-CM6-1 and MIROC6 model, the highly suitable area for T. tabaci would likely contract under both SSP126 and SSP585. This study detailed the potential future habitable area for T. tabaci in India, which could help monitor and devise efficient management strategies for this destructive pest.
Objectives
Root coverage (RC) is an integral part in management of gingival recessions. Unlike isolated recessions, treating multiple recessions is the most challenging scenario especially in smokers ...who have reported reduced RC in terms of quantity and stability. Modified coronally advanced tunnel (MCAT) technique due to its improved vascularity along with use of porcine-derived collagen matrix (PDCM) (Mucograft™) with its bilayered dense collagen matrix may be a predictable alternative to conventional gold standard subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG). The purpose of this study was to compare the results of RC achieved using PDCM and SCTG with the MCAT approach in the treatment of multiple gingival recessions in smokers.
Methodology
This is a prospective randomized controlled clinical study registered under clinical trial registry (CTRI no. CTRI/2020/03/024238) including 28 patients with 64 recession defects. Smokers (≥ 10 cigarettes/day for ≥ 5 years) fulfilling the inclusion criteria were randomized into the SCTG and PDCM groups which were treated with SCTG using MCAT and PDCM using MCAT technique, respectively. Recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), width of keratinized tissue (WKT), thickness of keratinized gingiva (TKG), and %RC were assessed at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Complete RC (CRC) at 3 and 6 months, RC aesthetic scores (RCES) at 6 months.
Results
Both groups showed significant improvement in all clinical parameters. Intergroup comparison of root coverage parameters in smokers showed better performance of the PDCM group in terms of RD, %RC, TKG, WKT, CRC (45.06%), and RCES (
p
< 0.001) compared to the SCTG group. Time taken for surgical procedure and visual analog pain scores were significantly lesser in the PDCM group.
Conclusion
PDCM showed good predictable results in terms of all RC parameters compared to SCTG and thus may be used as a predictable alternative to SCTG for RC in smokers.
Clinical significance
PDCM can be used as a potential alternative to gold standard subepithelial connective tissue graft in smokers with better patient compliance.
Distance-weighted and data-driven methods are extensively used for estimation of missing rainfall data. Inverse distance weighting method (IDWM) is one of the most frequently used methods for ...estimating missing rainfall values at a gage based on values recorded at all other available recording gages. In spite of the method's wide success and acceptability, it suffers from major conceptual limitations. Conceptual improvements are incorporated in the IDWM method that led to several modified distance-based methods. A data-driven model that uses artificial neural network concepts and a stochastic interpolation technique, kriging, are also developed and tested in the current study. These methods are tested for estimation of missing precipitation data. Historical precipitation data from 20 rain-gauging stations in the state of Kentucky, USA, are used to test the improvised methods and derive conclusions about the efficacy of incorporated improvements. Results suggest that the conceptual revisions can improve estimation of missing precipitation records by defining better weighting parameters and surrogate measures for distances that are used in the IDWM.
Super absorbency is the extraordinary capacity of a substance to absorb and retain a large amount of liquid. Hydrophobic polymer chains are cross-linked to form superabsorbent polymer (SAP) ...hydrogels. Due to greater ability to absorb water, extended lifespans, and availability of a wide range of basic chemical resources, synthetic hydrogels gradually displaced natural hydrogels. These superabsorbent polymer hydrogels are in usage around the world in various applications for more than 50 years. Hydrogels are referred to as intelligent or smart materials since they respond to certain environmental stimuli and undergo a large volume phase shift in response to specific physical and chemical stimuli. The various forms of hydrogels and their wider applications are currently of research interests. The main goal of this review is to assess the literature on the various classification systems for hydrogels, their physical and chemical properties, and the technical viability of using them in civil engineering applications based on the newest publications in this field and the role of hydrogels as a new building material promoting environmental sustainability. A newly developed class of the most recent hydrogel material generations was also briefly discussed.
Graphical abstract on superabsorbent polymers in cementitious materials
Salmonella infection has become a foremost health issue as it is the causative agent of several foodborne outbreaks. Currently, there is a huge demand for safe, healthy, and nutritious, fresh-like ...food products. It strongly suggests the food manufacturers to develop appropriate practices like expeditious testing, detection, and inactivation of foodborne pathogens as well as to prevent the pathogen entry into the supply chain.
In this decade, a lot of innovative ideas and technologies have been investigated as a substitute for conventional thermal technologies employed to inactivate foodborne pathogens. This review presents the potential of such technologies for instance, cold plasma, light-emitting diode, ozone, ultrasound, and pulsed electric field in decontaminating the Salmonella in food production and supply chain. These emerging innovative decontamination practices not only ensure the freshness of food but also enhance the microbial safety and quality of a food product. The synergistic effect of the cold plasma technique arrests the pathogenic cells’ viability and multiplication. Oxidative response and the free radical generation capability of ozone treatment destroy the bacterial cells and accord antimicrobial activity. Applications of acoustic cavitation mechanism of ultrasound and non-ionizing electromagnetic radiations of UV light progressively inactivate the pathogenic microorganisms. The high-intensity usage of electric field strength by utilizing the electroporation method resulting in microbial cell death.
The effect of emerging non-thermal technologies and the processing parameters involved in the decontamination have been reviewed comprehensively along with the summary of different food products. A thorough understanding and deep insights into the mechanisms underlying the optimization of the process conditions will pave the way for upscaling these technologies for improved quality and sustaining the nutritional components of the food product.
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•Salmonella induced illness continues to be a major health concern worldwide.•Non-thermal technologies exhibit efficient decontamination with less impact on food quality.•Oxidative properties of cold plasma and ozone impose detrimental effects on bacterial cell.•LED/UV illumination of microbial photosensitizers releases reactive species with cytotoxic effect.•Hurdle approach showed enhanced antimicrobial effect on Salmonella.
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