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•Ultrasound is a fast method for phenolic compounds recovery from C. chinense leaves.•Solvent polarity has a strong effect on the recovery of phenolic compounds.•Dielectric constant ...was propose to predict the most appropriate solvent for phenolic extraction.•Antioxidant activity correlates with total phenolic content of C. chinense leaves extracts.•Identification of phenolic compounds was performed by UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS.
Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites involved in plant adaptation processes. The development of extraction procedures, quantification, and identification of this compounds in habanero pepper (Capsicum chinense) leaves can provide information about their accumulation and possible biological function. The main objective of this work was to study the effect of the UAE method and the polarity of different extraction solvents on the recovery of phenolic compounds from C. chinense leaves. Quantification of the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AA) by ABTS+ and DPPH radical inhibition methods, and the relation between the dielectric constant (ε) as polarity parameter of the solvents and TPC using Weibull and Gaussian distribution models was analyzed. The major phenolic compounds in C. chinense leaves extracts were identified and quantified by UPLC-PDA-ESI-MS/MS. The highest recovery of TPC (24.39 ± 2.41 mg GAE g−1 dry wt) was obtained using MeOH (50%) by UAE method. Correlations between TPC and AA of 0.89 and 0.91 were found for both radical inhibition methods (ABTS+ and DPPH). The Weibull and Gaussian models showed high regression values (0.93 to 0.95) suggesting that the highest phenolic compounds recovery is obtained using solvents with “ε” values between 35 and 52 by UAE. The major compounds were identified as N-caffeoyl putrescine, apigenin, luteolin and diosmetin derivatives. The models presented are proposed as a useful tool to predict the appropriate solvent composition for the extraction of phenolic compounds from C. chinense leaves by UAE based on the “ε” of the solvents for future metabolomic studies.
Mexico harbors more than 10% of the planet’s endemic species. However, the integrity and biodiversity of many ecosystems is experiencing rapid transformation under the influence of a wide array of ...human and natural disturbances. In order to disentangle the effects of human and natural disturbance regimes at different spatial and temporal scales, we selected six terrestrial (temperate montane forests, montane cloud forests, tropical rain forests, tropical semi-deciduous forests, tropical dry forests, and deserts) and four aquatic (coral reefs, mangrove forests, kelp forests and saline lakes) ecosystems. We used semi-quantitative statistical methods to assess (1) the most important agents of disturbance affecting the ecosystems, (2) the vulnerability of each ecosystem to anthropogenic and natural disturbance, and (3) the differences in ecosystem disturbance regimes and their resilience. Our analysis indicates a significant variation in ecological responses, recovery capacity, and resilience among ecosystems. The constant and widespread presence of human impacts on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems is reflected either in reduced area coverage for most systems, or reduced productivity and biodiversity, particularly in the case of fragile ecosystems (e.g., rain forests, coral reefs). In all cases, the interaction between historical human impacts and episodic high intensity natural disturbance (e.g., hurricanes, fires) has triggered a reduction in species diversity and induced significant changes in habitat distribution or species dominance. The lack of monitoring programs assessing before/after effects of major disturbances in Mexico is one of the major limitations to quantifying the commonalities and differences of disturbance effects on ecosystem properties.
Factors influencing 'Agrobacterium tumefaciens'- mediated genetic transformation of plants have been widely reported: type and concentration of antibiotic, co-culture period, concentration of ...bacteria, concentration of acetosyringone, and of course, the type and age of the explants, as well as temperature conditions. However, it is not yet understood how these factors interact and how they affect the efficiency of the final transformation. The aim of this work was to evaluate the interaction of the three main factors affecting the transformation of chrysanthemum ('Dendranthema grandiflora') var. Micromargara. A 23 factorial design was used with central points, in which three concentrations of 'A. tumefaciens' (1.0, 1.5. and 2.0 of D.O.600), three concentrations of acetosyringone (50 muM, 75 muM and 100 muM), and three co-culture periods (1, 2 and 3 days) were evaluated. The transformation was verified by GUS staining and by means of RT-PCR amplification and sequencing of fragment of the genes uidA, aph3 II and act-cr. The results show that, among the factors evaluated, only the concentration of 'A. tumefaciens' presented a statistically significant effect (p< 0.05) on transformation efficiency, without interaction with the factors of acetosyringone concentration and co-culture period. It is concluded therefore that an 'A. tumefaciens' concentration of D.O 600: 2.0 is determinant for greater transformation efficiency in chrysanthemum var. Micromargara.
En l'àmbit de la planeación i disseny de ciutats, el concepte de interdisciplina es torna cada vegada més important, no només per la necessitat de donar solucions transversals a qüestions ...específiques en els projectes urbans, sinó també perquè s'ha entès que el fer ciutat no és terrè d'una sola disciplina. La interdisciplina és intrínseca als estudis urbans. No obstant això, l'experiència ens indica que aquest tipus d'interacció entre disciplines, en els processos de formació i ensenyament
entorn del projecte de disseny urbà, encara no es produeix de manera generalitzada, encara que cada vegada és més notable que professionals i acadèmics s'involucrin, no només en processos interdisciplinaris de planeación i disseny de la ciutat, sinó també en processos d'ensenyament/aprenentatge interdisciplinaris. En aquest article abordem els processos d'ensenyament i aprenentatge en l'àmbit del projecte urbà, assumint aquests com a punt de partida en la formació de professionals que es plantegen intervenir a la ciutat. Tot des d'una lexis conceptual pròpia del projecte de disseny, que es tradueix en la praxi mateixa del projecte de disseny urbà. Partim de la revisió i sistematització dels resultats de la recerca “Interdisciplina-ACÇÃO” (Remesar & Brandão, 2009), a la qual vam sumar una nova recopilació de dades, obtinguda
d'entrevistes realitzades a un nou grup professionals en formació en l'àmbit del disseny urbà, on es pretén d'una banda, generar conclusions sobre el llenguatge argumental utilitzat en l'elaboració del projecte urbà com a exercici interdisciplinari, i per l'altre, ampliar la discussió sobre els processos d'ensenyament/aprenentatge del projecte de disseny urbà amb
orientació interdisciplinària.
Resumen: Introducción: la obesidad es una pandemia de alta mortalidad. Su tratamiento es multidisciplinario y tiene como base el cambio del estilo de vida con un beneficio limitado, por lo que en la ...mayoría de los casos es necesario realizar otras intervenciones. El uso de dispositivos intragástricos colocados por endoscopia es un método en el tratamiento para la pérdida de peso, principalmente cuando el paciente no es apto o no acepta una intervención quirúrgica. Objetivo: evaluar los resultados del tratamiento con el dispositivo intragástrico Spatz-3® en un periodo de cuatro a 12 meses. Material y métodos: se analizaron los resultados de un estudio longitudinal para evaluar la eficacia del dispositivo intragástrico Spatz-3® en un centro endoscópico privado en el norte de México. Se analizaron 27 pacientes del género femenino en un periodo comprendido entre enero de 2019 y diciembre de 2021, a quienes se les colocó el dispositivo Spatz-3®. Resultados: se observó una disminución del peso total en promedio de 14.2 kg (14.6% del peso total corporal y 37.6% del exceso de peso perdido) a los 12 meses. Aunque estos resultados están por debajo de lo reportado por otros estudios con tratamiento quirúrgico (manga gástrica, bypass gástrico), el dispositivo intragástrico tiene una efectividad más alta comparada con las intervenciones conservadoras basadas en el cambio del estilo de vida del paciente. Conclusión: el dispositivo intragástrico Spatz-3® mostró una reducción considerable del peso total, siendo además un método con menor tasa de complicaciones y completamente reversible.
Summary Background Bortezomib plus melphalan and prednisone (VMP) is significantly better than melphalan plus prednisone alone for elderly patients with untreated multiple myeloma; however, toxic ...effects are high. We investigated a novel and less intensive bortezomib-based regimen to maintain efficacy and to reduce toxic effects. Methods Between March, 2006, and October, 2008, 260 patients with untreated multiple myeloma, 65 years and older, from 63 Spanish centres, were randomly assigned to receive six cycles of VMP (n=130) or bortezomib plus thalidomide and prednisone (VTP; n=130) as induction therapy, consisting of one cycle of bortezomib twice per week for 6 weeks (1·3 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8, 11, 22, 25, 29, and 32), plus either melphalan (9 mg/m2 on days 1–4) or daily thalidomide (100 mg), and prednisone (60 mg/m2 on days 1–4). The first cycle was followed by five cycles of bortezomib once per week for 5 weeks (1·3 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 15, and 22) plus the same doses of melphalan plus prednisone and thalidomide plus prednisone. 178 patients completed the six induction cycles and were randomly assigned to maintenance therapy with bortezomib plus prednisone (n=87) or bortezomib plus thalidomide (n=91), consisting of one conventional cycle of bortezomib for 3 weeks (1·3 mg/m2 on days 1, 4, 8, and 11) every 3 months, plus either prednisone (50 mg every other day) or thalidomide (50 mg per day), for up to 3 years. Treatment codes were generated with a computerised random number generator, and neither participants nor study personnel were masked to treatment. The primary endpoint was response rate in induction and maintenance phases. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov , number NCT00443235. Findings In the induction phase, 105 (81%) patients in the VTP group and 104 (80%) in the VMP group achieved partial responses or better (p=0·9), including 36 (28%) and 26 (20%) complete remissions, respectively (p=0·2). Treatment with VTP resulted in more serious adverse events (40 31% vs 20 15%, p=0·01) and discontinuations (22 17% vs 15 12%, p=0·03) than did treatment with VMP. The most common toxicities (grade 3 or worse) were infections (one 1% in the VTP group vs nine 7% in the VMP group), cardiac events (11 8% vs 0), and peripheral neuropathy (nine 7% vs 12 9%). After maintenance therapy, the complete remission rate was 42% (40 44% patients in complete remission in the bortezomib plus thalidomide group, 34 39% in the bortezomib plus prednisone group). No grade 3 or worse haematological toxicities were recorded during maintenance therapy; two (2%) patients in the bortezomib plus prednisone group and six (7%) in the bortezomib plus thalidomide group developed peripheral neuropathy. Interpretation Reduced-intensity induction with a bortezomib-based regimen, followed by maintenance, is a safe and effective treatment for elderly patients with multiple myeloma. Funding Pethema (Spanish Program for the Treatment of Hematologic Diseases).
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