The craft beer industry is of increased interest to academics and geographers are beginning to not only chart a “geography of beer”; but also the local economic development implications of the ...industry. Indeed, we posit that the growth of the craft beer industry resides at the nexus between nature, place, and identity—or what we consider an applied geography of growth that is necessarily informed by sustainability and the closely allied geographic concepts of human-environment interactions and place. Further, we examine the branding of nature and place as co-determined spatial mechanisms for market differentiation and economic growth including neo-localism. Specifically, we examine real world examples of authentic branding initiatives that extend from dynamic place-based human-environment interactions that promote the overall sustainability of communities and the craft beer industry. In doing so, we propose an economic development framework based in an applied geography organized around the concepts of place, region, and sustainability. The framework can be used in a variety of economic development contexts and across multiple industries.
•Growth of the craft beer industry resides at the nexus between nature, place, and identity.•Authentic branding extends from dynamic place-based human-environment interactions.•Authentic branding promotes overall sustainability of communities and the craft beer industry.
European hare Lepus europaeus populations have undergone recent declines but the species has successfully naturalised in many countries outside its native range. It was introduced to Ireland during ...the mid-late nineteenth century for field sport and is now well established in Northern Ireland. The native Irish hare Lepus timidus hibernicus is an endemic subspecies of mountain hare L. timidus and has attracted major conservation concern following a long-term population decline during the twentieth century and is one of the highest priority species for conservation action in Ireland. Little is known about the European hare in Ireland or whether it poses a significant threat to the native mountain hare subspecies by compromising its ecological security or genetic integrity. We review the invasion ecology of the European hare and examine evidence for interspecific competition with the mountain hare for habitat space and food resources, interspecific hybridisation, disease and parasite transmission and possible impacts of climate change. We also examine the impact that introduced hares can have on native non-lagomorph species. We conclude that the European hare is an emerging and significant threat to the conservation status of the native Irish hare. Invasive mammal species have been successfully eradicated from Ireland before and immediate action is often the only opportunity for cost-effective eradication. An urgent call is issued for further research whilst the need for a European hare invasive Species Action Plan (iSAP) and Eradication strategy are discussed.
The number of craft breweries in the United States has increased dramatically in recent decades. In 1980 there were 8;by 2013 there were over 2,800. This growth reflects dissatisfaction, on the part ...of many Americans, with the bland and homogeneous beer that is brewed by the country’s two largest breweries —Anheuser Busch and Miller Coors. Consumers are demanding beer that exhibits greater variety in terms of flavor, style and strength. Despite this growth few studies have attempted to explain the spatial distribution. The purpose of this paper is to identify factors that are driving inter-metropolitan differences in the number of craft breweries. Using data from 361 Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) we built a series of regression models that use the number of craft breweries as a dependent variable. Our findings show that the primary driver of inter-metropolitan variation in craft breweries is the proportion of the population aged between 25 and 44. Other metropolitan characteristics that attract craft breweries are a creative population, the existence of farmers markets, total population size, educational levels and a MSA share of non-hispanic whites. One variable, income, was found to be negatively correlated with the number of craft breweries. JEL Classification: J11, L66, O14, O18
To better understand the non-economic drivers of growth in emerging industries, this paper examines the craft beer industry. Specifically, the paper will review two examples-the Black Cloister ...Brewing Company in Toledo, OH and 3rd Turn Brewery, Louisville, KY-to understand how the values of entrepreneurs and local firms that are situated at the nexus of work, place, and creativity promote growth. Further, the paper will consider the socio-cultural meaning of creativity relative to the craft beer industry and the many ways in which the concept of innovation traditionally used by economic geographers to understand growth can be better understood within the context of creativity in some industries. In doing so, the paper represents a conceptual shift away from innovation towards creativity, as well as community.
Sectoral emissions of carbon dioxide and their spatial distribution are explored in carbon monitoring and reporting. However, emissions are not observed and are usually estimated from repurposed ...data. Due to the uncertainties in the estimated emissions and predicted atmospheric concentrations, scientific doubts are rarely avoidable. Therefore, it is vital to know the effects of emissions on the observable atmospheric phenomenon. Methodologically, this paper presents the spatial modeling approach to estimate and spatially represent the annual industrial emissions’ effects on the observed atmospheric phenomenon of column-averaged carbon dioxide (XCO
2
). This study explores the spatial variation of XCO
2
with the annual industrial emissions at the county level across the contiguous USA (CONUS) by processing the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite-based observed database of XCO
2
. The study finds that in 2017, on average, the level of XCO
2
increased by 0.067 ppm due to the 2634.92 Million Tonnes (MTonnes) of industrial emissions (industrial process and electricity generation) in the CONUS. On average, the direct effect of industrial emissions was 0.026 ppm. Finally, the paper presents the effect map of industrial emissions at the county level of the CONUS. This effect estimation approach ensures industrial emissions’ geographic visualization regarding the observed atmospheric phenomenon rather than unobserved emission amounts. The sectoral emission’s effect analysis with the atmospheric phenomenon of XCO
2
at the subnational level helps to explore the required sectoral emission reduction amounts with the globally referenced atmospheric concentration target.
How can we analyze the institutional reactions to shocking events producing abrupt and substantial changes? To deal with this question, the paper assumes an interdisciplinary perspective by combining ...geography and sociology. After defining the foundational concepts of shocking events and institutions, the paper suggests that the outcomes of such events in respect of institutional frameworks should be analyzed at the territorial level as ‘spaces of rupture and reconfiguration’. In the concluding section, the collection of the articles included in the Special Issue – to which this paper serves as lead essay – are presented.
Neotropical cloud forests are one of the most biodiverse yet threatened ecosystems with deforestation and hunting creating major problems. We report a non-volant mammal species inventory for Cusuco ...National Park, Honduras, spanning 2006–2016. Data were collected using 4 methods: tracks and signs, camera trapping, direct sightings and live trapping. Recorded species of conservation importance included Central American red brocket (
Mazama temama
(Kerr, 1792)), Baird’s tapir (
Tapirus bairdii
(Gill, 1865)), margay (
Leopardus wiedii
(Schinz, 1821)), and jaguar (
Panthera onca
(Linnaeus, 1758)); the latter recorded for the first time. Cusuco National Park is a site of strategic geographical importance within the Central American jaguar corridor. In total, 43 species were recorded from 26 families. We demonstrate the impact of zonal protection measures with higher mammal abundance recorded in the park’s highly protected core compared to the less protected buffer zone. We advise continued monitoring to provide robust time-series of population trends.
First paragraphs: Over the past decade, we, as a research team, have explicitly investigated the intersection between small family farms, economics, development, and culture in northwest Ohio ...(Gatrell, Reid, & Ross, 2011; Gatrell, Reid, Steiger, Smith, & Carroll, 2009; Gatrell, Thakur, Reid, & Smith, 2010; LaFary, Gatrell, Reid, & Lindquist, 2006; Reid, Gatrell, & Ross, 2012; Reid, Smith, Gatrell, & Carroll, 2009; Reid, Smith, Haase, Ross, Mirozoyants, & Gatrell, 2009). As such, our primary interest has been in describing and understanding the socio-spatial and cultural context of small family farms and their production practices, as well as business practices as observed in the study area with the assistance of congressionally directed spending. To that end, Cultivating Narratives: Cultivating Successors (Steiger, Eckert, Reid, & Ross, 2012) focused on the practices and decision making of farms (to be read as firms) and the empirically observed realities of northwest Ohio farmers, and articulated the overall positionality of the research relative to the cultural and political significance of the family farm...
Many American communities place a high priority on retaining and attracting innovative industries. However, in most American metropolitan areas, the responsibility for local economic development is ...fragmented along jurisdictional and institutional lines. The result of this fragmentation is that local economic development is often chaotic with no one individual, agency, or jurisdiction in control, which may inhibit the effectiveness of local economic development efforts. To address these challenges and more effectively utilize resources, there has been greater emphasis recently on regional collaboration in local economic development. The purpose of this paper is to measure the extent of collaboration among local economic development professionals in the Toledo, Ohio Metropolitan Statistical Area and to identify the extent to which these interactions constitute a social network. We believe that the existence of a strong social network among economic development professionals is critical to overcome some of the negative effects of jurisdictional and institutional fragmentation. While there is a core network of relatively dense collaboration in northwest Ohio, that network does not span the entire metropolitan area. A high level of local interactions occurs, but there are few “global pipelines” outside the region. A potential challenge for economic development in the region is to avoid “lock in”, which will make it more difficult to attract innovative industries or diversify the economy in order to decrease the traditional dependence on the auto industry.
This article examines the intraurban geography of craft breweries in ten cities across the United States. First, through an exhaustive literature review, we outline both supply- and demand-side ...factors that might cause craft breweries to cluster. Second, we empirically test whether these establishments tend to cluster within cities using spatial statistical techniques. Many communities are attempting to support the establishment of more craft breweries as a way to boost tourism and economic development. The findings from this article aid in this discussion by providing insights into how craft brewers locate and the factors that could influence their location decision behavior. Our findings suggest that craft brewers do in fact cluster. There are both supply and demand factors responsible. On the supply side, the collaborative environment within the industry and the artisan nature of the industry's products allows for benefits of clustering to outweigh the costs associated with this behavior. On the demand side, the emergence of "brewery districts" allows individual brewers to enjoy the reputation benefits associated with the district in terms of increased foot traffic from locals and visitors looking to sample a variety of beers.
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