In this randomized trial involving patients with acute ischemic stroke with proximal anterior circulation occlusion, endovascular treatment with a Solitaire stent retriever was more effective than ...medical therapy alone in improving functional outcomes at 90 days.
Recently completed prospective, randomized trials involving patients with acute stroke have consistently shown a clinical benefit for mechanical thrombectomy.
1
–
4
Our study, called the Randomized Trial of Revascularization with Solitaire FR Device versus Best Medical Therapy in the Treatment of Acute Stroke Due to Anterior Circulation Large Vessel Occlusion Presenting within Eight Hours of Symptom Onset (REVASCAT), shares the following four features with the previously cited trials: enrollment limited to patients with imaging-based evidence of proximal occlusion of the M1 segment (main trunk) of the middle cerebral artery with or without concomitant occlusion of the internal carotid artery, imaging-based exclusion . . .
Among patients with occlusion of a large intracerebral vessel who had a clinical deficit that was disproportionately severe relative to the infarct volume, 90-day outcomes for disability were better ...with late thrombectomy plus standard care than with standard care alone.
Context.
A relevant fraction of massive stars are runaway stars. These stars move with a significant peculiar velocity with respect to their environment.
Aims.
We aim to discover and characterize the ...population of massive and early-type runaway stars in the GOSC and BeSS catalogs using
Gaia
DR3 astrometric data.
Methods.
We present a two-dimensional method in the velocity space to discover runaway stars as those that deviate significantly from the velocity distribution of field stars. Field stars are considered to follow the Galactic rotation curve.
Results.
We found 106 O runaway stars, 42 of which were not previously identified as runaways. We found 69 Be runaway stars, 47 of which were not previously identified as runaways. The dispersion of runaway stars is a few times higher in
Z
and
b
than that of field stars. This is explained by the ejections they underwent when they became runaways. The percentage of runaways is 25.4% for O-type stars, and it is 5.2% for Be-type stars. In addition, we conducted simulations in three dimensions for our catalogs. They revealed that these percentages could increase to ∼30% and ∼6.7%, respectively. Our runaway stars include seven X-ray binaries and one gamma-ray binary. Moreover, we obtain velocity dispersions of ∼5 km s
−1
perpendicular to the Galactic plane for O- and Be-type field stars. These values increase in the Galactic plane to ∼7 km s
−1
for O-type stars due to uncertainties and to ∼9 km s
−1
for Be-type stars due to Galactic velocity diffusion.
Conclusions.
The excellent
Gaia
DR3 astrometric data have allowed us to identify a significant number of O-type and Be-type runaways in the GOSC and BeSS catalogs. The higher percentages and higher velocities found for O-type compared to Be-type runaways underline that the dynamical ejection scenario is more likely than the binary supernova scenario. Our results open the door to identifying new high-energy systems among our runaways by conducting detailed studies.
Background: Fatal bleeding is a serious consequence of anticoagulant therapy, but factors associated with fatal bleeding during the first 3 months of treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are ...uncertain. Methods: Using data from RIETE, an ongoing registry of consecutive patients with acute VTE, we assessed risk factors for fatal bleeding among all patients. We then used this information to derive a clinical model that would stratify a patient’s risk of fatal bleeding during the first 3 months of treatment. Results: Of 24 395 patients, 546 (2.24%) had a major bleed and 135 (0.55%) had a fatal bleed. The gastrointestinal tract was the most common site (40% of fatal bleeds), followed by intracranial bleeding (25%). Fatal bleeding was independently associated with the following factors at the time of VTE diagnosis: age >75 years (OR, 2.16), metastatic cancer (OR, 3.80), immobility ≥ 4 days (OR, 1.99), a major bleed within the past 30 days (OR, 2.64), an abnormal prothrombin time (OR, 2.09), a platelet count < 100 × 109 L−1 (OR, 2.23), creatinine clearance < 30 mL min−1 (OR, 2.27), anemia (OR, 1.54), and distal deep vein thrombosis (OR, 0.39). INR at the time of bleeding is not known. A clinical prediction rule for risk of fatal bleeding that included nine baseline factors was derived. Fatal bleeding occurred in 0.16% (95% CI, 0.11–0.23) of the low‐risk, 1.06% (95% CI, 0.85–1.30) of the moderate‐risk, and 4.24% (95% CI, 2.76–6.27) of the high‐risk category. Conclusions: Patient characteristics and laboratory variables can identify patients at high risk for fatal bleeding during treatment of VTE.
The Soai reaction and the Viedma deracemization of racemic conglomerate crystal mixtures are experimental pieces of evidence of the ability of enantioselective autocatalytic coupled networks to yield ...absolute asymmetric synthesis. Thermodynamically open systems or systems with non‐uniform energy distributions may lead to chiral final states and, in systems able to come into thermodynamic equilibrium with their surroundings, to kinetically controlled absolute asymmetric synthesis. The understanding of network parameters and of the thermodynamic scenarios that may lead to spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking (SMSB) could assist in the development of new methods for asymmetric synthesis and enantioselective polymerizations (e.g., replicators), and to frame reasonable speculations on the origin of biological homochirality.
Network solutions: The theoretical reports on the destabilization of racemic outcomes and chiral amplifications generated in enantioselective autocatalysis are discussed in relationship to experimental absolute asymmetric synthesis and with regard to speculations on the origin of biological homochirality and chemical evolution on Earth. SMSB=spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking.
Background and purpose
An association between high blood pressure (BP) in acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and hematoma growth (HG) has not been clearly demonstrated. Therefore, the impact of BP ...changes and course on HG and clinical outcome in patients with acute ICH was determined.
Methods
In total, 117 consecutive patients with acute (<6 h) supratentorial ICH underwent baseline and 24‐h CT scans, CT angiography for the detection of the spot sign and non‐invasive BP monitoring at 15‐min intervals over the first 24 h. Maximum and minimum BP, maximum BP increase and drop from baseline, and BP variability values from systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were calculated. SBP and MAP loads were defined as the proportion of readings >180 and >130 mmHg, respectively. HG (>33% or >6 ml), early neurological deterioration (END) and 3‐month mortality were recorded.
Results
Baseline BP variables were unrelated to either HG or clinical outcome. Conversely, SBP 180‐load independently predicted HG (odds ratio 1.05, 95% CI 1.010–1.097, P = 0.016), whilst both SBP 180‐load (odds ratio 1.04, 95% CI 1.001–1.076, P = 0.042) and SBP variability (odds ratio 1.2, 95% CI 1.047–1.380, P = 0.009) independently predicted END. Although none of the BP monitoring variables was associated with HG in the spot‐sign‐positive group, higher maximum BP increases from baseline and higher SBP and MAP loads were significantly related to HG in the spot‐sign‐negative group.
Conclusions
In patients with acute supratentorial ICH, SBP 180‐load independently predicts HG, whilst both SBP 180‐load and SBP variability predict END.
Context. Gamma-ray binaries allow us to study physical processes such as particle acceleration up to TeV energies as well as very high energy gamma-ray emission and absorption with changing ...geometrical configurations on a periodic basis. These sources produce outflows of radio-emitting particles whose structure can be imaged with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). LS 5039 is a gamma-ray binary that has shown variable VLBI structures in the past. Aims. We aim to characterise the radio morphological changes of LS 5039 and determine if they are either repeatable or erratic. Methods. We observed LS 5039 with the VLBA at 5 GHz during five consecutive days to cover the 3.9-day orbit and an extra day to distinguish between orbital or secular variability. We also compiled the available high-resolution radio observations of the source to study its morphological variability at different orbital phases. We used a simple model to interpret the obtained images. Results. The new observations show that the morphology of LS 5039 up to projected distances of 10 milliarcsec changes within 24 h. The observed radio morphological changes display a periodic orbital modulation. Multifrequency and multiepoch VLBI observations confirm that the morphological periodicity is stable on timescales of years. Using a simple model we show that the observed behaviour is compatible with the presence of a young non-accreting pulsar with an outflow behind it. The morphology is reproduced for inclinations of the orbit of 60–75°. For masses of the companion star in the range 20–50 M⊙, this range of inclinations implies a mass of the compact object of 1.3–2.7 M⊙. Conclusions. The periodic orbital modulation of the radio morphology of LS 5039, stable over several years, suggests that all gamma-ray binaries are expected to show a similar behaviour. The changes in the radio structure of LS 5039 are compatible with the presence of a young non-accreting neutron star, which suggests that the known gamma-ray binaries contain young pulsars.
Digital light processing stereolithography is a promising technique for 3D printing. However, it offers little control over the surface appearance of the printed object. The printing process is ...typically layered, which leads to aliasing artefacts that affect surface appearance. An antialiasing option is to use greyscale pixel values in the layer images that we supply to the printer. This enables a kind of subvoxel growth control. We explore this concept and use it for editing surface microstructure. In other words, we modify the surface appearance of a printed object by applying a greyscale pattern to the surface voxels before sending the cross‐sectional layer images to the printer. We find that a smooth noise function is an excellent tool for varying surface roughness and for breaking the regularities that lead to aliasing. Conversely, we also present examples that introduce regularities to produce controlled anisotropic surface appearance. Our hope is that subvoxel growth control in stereolithography can lead 3D printing towards customizable surface appearance. The printing process adds what we call ground noise to the printed result. We suggest a way of modelling this ground noise to provide users with a tool for estimating a printer's ability to control surface reflectance.
Grayscale voxel values in DLP 3D printing enable subvoxel growth control. We use this to control the surface microstructure and thus vary the surface appearance of a printed object as an integrated part of the printing process. To assess the reflectance controllability of our approach, we compare with anisotropic BRDFs and estimate the ground noise added by the printing process.
Three instrumented lines were installed on the continental slope and the basin of the Gulf of Valencia for thirteen months (May 2010 to June 2011) aiming to study particle fluxes and their ...relationship with environmental parameters. Total mass flux varied between 52 mg m−2 d−1 in the central part of the basin and 7199 mg m−2 d−1 in the northern slope sector. The main biogenic constituent was calcium carbonate (estimated fraction) representing more than 26% of the total flux, whereas organic matter and biogenic silica add together <10%. These percentages were similar to the proportional contents in the sea floor sediment and were mainly attributed to advection of particles from the Ebro shelf during wave resuspension events. The coincidence in the temporal variation of the Ebro River discharges with the total mass flux observed in the Gulf of Valencia suggests that the effect of river discharges >400 m−3 s−1 can be detected at least 155 km to the southwest. The temporal variation of satellite-derived chlorophyll-a abundance and organic matter flux indicated that biogenic material collected in the Gulf of Valencia is related to sea surface spring phytoplankton blooms developing in the northwestern Mediterranean. However, the temporal variation of biogenic silica corresponded better with the usual pattern of deep chlorophyll-a maxima reached during the fall season, suggesting that diatoms are a main component in subsurface phytoplankton blooms.
•Ebro river discharges and storm-resuspension events control particle fluxes in the Gulf of Valencia.•Degraded organic matter is predominant in the fluxes after storms and high river discharges.•Satellite-derived surface chlorophyll-a biomass signal coincides with organic matter fluxes.•Fresh organic matter settles during the NW Mediterranean spring phytoplankton bloom.•Biogenic silica content increases during the NW Mediterranean deep chlorophyll maximum.
A multiband handset antenna combining a PIFA and multiple slots on a ground plane is presented. It is shown by means of simulations that the slots on the ground plane have a double function: to tune ...the ground plane resonance at low frequencies (f ¿ 900 MHz) and to act as parasitic radiators at high frequencies (f ¿ 1800 MHz). A prototype is designed and built featuring a behavior suitable for low frequencies (GSM850 and GSM900) and for high frequencies spanning from DCS1800 to Bluetooth, and including, for instance, PCS1900, UMTS2000, and other possible systems. Reflection coefficient, efficiency, and radiation patterns are measured and compared with a design without slots to prove the advantages of the slotted ground plane. The component effect is investigated to determine critical areas where the placement is not recommended. Besides, the effect of the slot of the ground plane on SAR is investigated, by discussing the effect of the ground plane and slot modes for two phone positions. The total antenna volume of the proposed design is 40 × 15 × 6 mm 3 .
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