Most radiolabeled ligands used to label opiate receptors bind to multiple binding sites. Subtype-selective ligands make possible the labeling of single sites by virtue of their ability to "block" ...binding of the radiolabeled ligand to selected subtypes. This study compares the selectivity of several ligands for the higher and lower affinity 3HD-Ala2-D-Leu-5-enkephalin binding sites. The results demonstrated that while morphine and D-ala2-MePhe4,Gly-ol5-enkephalin were 80- and 256-fold selective for the lower affinity 3HD-Ala2-D-Leu-5-enkephalin binding site, LY164929 was 1,986-fold selective. Additional experiments indicated that whereas morphine was a noncompetitive inhibitor at the lower affinity 3HD-Ala2-D-Leu-5-enkephalin binding site, LY164929 was a competitive inhibitor, suggesting that this peptide might exhibit different properties in vivo than other mu-like ligands.
In an effort to localize & extend the work of Feagin, Vera, & Batur (2001), the authors examine the spoken & unspoken structural & organizational rituals that govern the black American restaurant ...experience. Utilizing semistructured interviews of restaurant workers & the unobtrusive observation of customers in nine central FL restaurants, the study begins to frame the issue of how race is negotiated among restaurant personnel, explains how elements of social exchange (eg, tipping) play out in an interracial theater of action, & examines the tacit "rationality" of racial stereotypes on the part of some personnel. The study's findings illustrate a dichotomous existence of a "front stage" restaurant experience governed by widely accepted modes of scripted conduct & a "back stage" replete with institutionalized racist rituals governing how people are seated, how they are served, & how race has become a core issue -- generally negotiated through hushed tones -- in the interactions between restaurant servers, hosts, & management. Implications for future research are also discussed.
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