Tumor cells can employ epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or autophagy in reaction to microenvironmental stress. Importantly, EMT and autophagy negatively regulate each other, are able to ...interconvert, and both have been shown to contribute to drug-resistance in glioblastoma (GBM). EMT has been considered one of the mechanisms that confer invasive properties to GBM cells. Autophagy, on the other hand, may show dual roles as either a GBM-promoter or GBM-suppressor, depending on microenvironmental cues. The Wingless (WNT) signaling pathway regulates a plethora of developmental and biological processes such as cellular proliferation, adhesion and motility. As such, GBM demonstrates deregulation of WNT signaling in favor of tumor initiation, proliferation and invasion. In EMT, WNT signaling promotes induction and stabilization of different EMT activators. WNT activity also represses autophagy, while nutrient deprivation induces β-catenin degradation
autophagic machinery. Due to the importance of the WNT pathway to GBM, and the role of WNT signaling in EMT and autophagy, in this review we highlight the effects of the WNT signaling in the regulation of both processes in GBM, and discuss how the crosstalk between EMT and autophagy may ultimately affect tumor biology.
Addressing the impacts of climate change and global warming has become an urgent priority for the planet's well-being. In recent decades the great potential of fungal-based products with ...characteristics equal to, or even outperforming, classic petroleum-derived products has been acknowledged. These new materials present the added advantage of having a reduced carbon footprint, less environmental impact and contributing to the shift away from a fossil-based economy. This study focused on the production of insulation panels using fungal mycelium and lignocellulosic materials as substrates. The process was optimized, starting with the selection of
,
,
,
and
isolates, followed by the evaluation of three grain spawn substrates (millet, wheat and a 1:1 mix of millet and wheat grains) for mycelium propagation, and finishing with the production of various mycelium-based composites using five wood by-products and waste materials (pine sawdust, oak shavings, tree of heaven wood chips, wheat straw and shredded beech wood). The obtained biomaterials were characterized for internal structure by X-ray micro-CT, thermal transmittance using a thermoflowmeter and moisture absorption. The results showed that using a wheat and millet 1:1 (
/
) mix is the best option for spawn production regardless of the fungal isolate. In addition, the performance of the final composites was influenced both by the fungal isolate and the substrate used, with the latter having a stronger effect on the measured properties. The study shows that the most promising sustainable insulating biomaterial was created using
grown on wheat straw.
•Comparison of neuropsychological aspects of youngsters with anxiety disorders and controls.•Youngsters with anxiety disorders have poorer performances in some neuropsychological tasks.•Youngsters ...with anxiety disorders make more errors and take more time in tasks of cognitive planning.•Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents may have a negative impact on cognitive functioning.
Anxiety disorders are associated with poor neuropsychological performance in attention and memory. However, little is known about the impact of these difficulties on other cognitive functions, such as planning. The ability to plan, including attention, working memory and set-shifting components, can be assessed by the Tower of Hanoi task (ToH). This study evaluated seventy-one participants, aged from 7–17 years. Thirty-seven subjects met DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for at least one anxiety disorder and 34 individuals comprised the controls. The neuropsychological tests used were: the ToH, a problem-solving task, involves planning ability and other executive functions (working memory, attentional control and cognitive flexibility); for the assessment of processing speed and problem-solving, the Vocabulary/Matrix Reasoning subtests of the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence was used to measure for estimated-IQ in both groups. The groups were compared with a generalized linear model controlling for age, IQ and ADHD comorbidity. Compared with controls, anxiety disorders subjects made more errors and required more time to complete the ToH. Children and adolescents with anxiety disorders have poorer planning ability compared to subjects without anxiety disorders, and the difficulty in planning is affected by interference from other cognitive functions, such as attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility and problems-solutions.
The present study assessed the personality characteristics of children and adolescents with anxiety disorder from a maternal perspective. A total of 48 children and adolescents aged between 8 and 17 ...years participated in this study, which was organized as follows: a clinical group (24 children and adolescents with anxiety disorders and their respective mothers) and a control group (24 children and adolescents without psychiatric diagnosis and their mothers). The participants were submitted to the WASI, CBCL, MASC-2, and EPQ-J tests and their mothers to the SRQ-20 and PIC-2 tests. The results showed higher rates of internalizing symptoms in the clinical group. In addition, patients showed less interest in hobbies, less adherence to social organizations, impairment in social activities, and commitment to school performance compared to the control group. There was a positive correlation between the mothers' symptoms and each of the following PIC-2 domains: somatic concern (
< 0.01) and psychological discomfort (
< 0.01). In conclusion, youths with AD showed a withdrawn and reserved personality profile, involving distrust of impulses and avoidance of interactions with peers. Furthermore, psychoemotional problems of mothers adversely influenced the perception followed by anxiety and adjustment characteristics. More studies are needed to assess the maternal personality in youths with anxiety.
Objectives
This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial action, cytotoxicity, cleaning ability, and erosion of dentine of hypochlorous acid (HClO) obtained from an electrolytic device at two ...different concentrations (Dentaqua) and three concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl).
Methods
Microbiological test—The root canals of sixty single-rooted extracted human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 6 groups (
n
= 10), according to decontamination protocol: DW (control); 1% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl; 5.25% NaOCl; 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO. The colony-forming units were counted to evaluate the decontamination potential of each group, calculating the reduction in bacterial percentage. Cytotoxicity test—Cytotoxicity was evaluated after inoculation of the same tested protocols in fibroblastic cells for 3 min, calculating the cell viability percentages. Specifical statistical analysis was performed (α = 5%). Cleaning ability and erosion—Fifty-six single-rooted bovine lower incisors were divided into seven groups of 8 roots each, being the test groups 1% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl; 5,25% NaOCl; 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO, and a negative and positive control. Negative control was not contaminated, and the other groups were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis. SEM images were ranked as from the cleanest to the least clean. Erosion was also assessed, being ranked from the least to the most eroded dentine.
Results
The highest bacterial reduction was observed in experimental groups, with no statistical differences between them (
p
> 0.05). The highest number of viable cells was observed in control group, followed by 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO groups, with statistical differences between them (
p <
0.05). 1% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl; 5.25% NaOCl and 500 ppm HClO displayed the cleanest areas. All sodium hypochlorite groups displayed erosion with higher ranks with greater concentration, while hypochlorous acid did not display any erosion regardless the concentration.
Conclusions
It is possible to conclude that HClO obtained from an electrolytic device presented high antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity in both tested concentrations. 500 ppm HClO did not display erosion and showed great cleaning ability.
Clinical relevance
The use of 500 ppm hypochlorous acid may reduce unfavorable behavior of sodium hypochlorite whilst maintaining its antimicrobial action.
This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect and cytotoxicity of hypochlorous acid(HClO) obtained from an innovative electrolytic device.
The root canals of fifty extracted human teeth were ...inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 5 groups (n = 10): DW (control); 2% chlorhexidine gel(CHX); 2.5% sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl); 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO. The counting of colony forming units evaluated the decontamination potential of each group. Cytotoxicity was evaluated after inoculation of tested protocols in fibroblastic cells for 3 min, calculating the cell viability. Specific statistical analysis was performed (α = 5%).
The highest bacterial reduction was observed in experimental groups, with no statistical differences from each other (p > 0.05). The highest number of viable cells was observed in control group, followed by 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO groups, with statistical differences from each other (p < 0.05).
It could be concluded that HClO presented high antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity at both tested concentrations.
RESUMO: Objetivo: Descrever e avaliar os fatores associados ao conjunto de ações para o controle da tuberculose (TB) na atenção básica (AB) nas cinco macrorregiões brasileiras. Métodos: Trata-se de ...um estudo transversal de base em serviço com dados obtidos a partir do segundo ciclo do Programa Nacional de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica (PMAQ-AB). O desfecho foi construído a partir de um conjunto de itens que caracterizam a realização de ações para o cuidado no controle e tratamento da TB nas unidades básicas de saúde (UBSs). Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste do χ2 e da regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados: A prevalência nacional do conjunto de ações para controle da TB foi de 17,22%, sendo que as macrorregiões Nordeste (11,18%) e Norte (12,15%) tiveram o pior desempenho. Os resultados principais apontam que houve associação da presença do conjunto de ações para o controle da TB com as UBSs que realizam ações educativas para TB razão de prevalência - RP = 1,53 (intervalo de confiança de 95% - IC95% 1,45 - 1,62), sorologia para HIV RP = 1,68 (IC95% 1,11 - 2,54), possuem sala de acolhimento RP=1,61(IC95% 1,46 - 1,79) e atividades de educação permanente RP = 1,73 (IC95% 1,54- 1,95). Conclusão: Os resultados demonstram fragilidade nas estruturas e no processo de trabalho da AB em relação ao controle da TB em todas as regiões brasileiras.
ABSTRACT: Objective: To describe and evaluate the factors associated with actions for the control of tuberculosis (TB) in primary care (PC) in the five Brazilian macroregions. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out with data from the second cycle of the National Program for Improving Access to and Quality of Primary Care. Theoutcome of the study was constructed based on a set of items that were considered essential for the treatment and control of tuberculosis in Primary Care Units (PCUs). Data were analyzed using the χ2 test and Poisson regression with robust variance. Results: The national prevalence of the set of items to control tuberculosis was 17.22%. TheNortheast (11.18%) and North (12.15%) had the worst performance. The main results indicate association with this outcome for PCUs performing educational actions for TB (PR = 1.53; 95%CI 1.45 - 1.62), those performing HIV serology (PR = 1.68; 95%CI 1.11 - 2.54), those that have a reception room (PR = 1.61; 95%CI 1.46 - 1.79) and those performing continuing education activities (PR = 1.73; 95%CI 1.54 - 1.95). Conclusion: The results show a weakness in the structures and in the work process of PC in relation to the control of tuberculosis in all Brazilian regions.
Background: Philadelphia-negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (Ph-MPN) are chronic hematological disorders characterized by the overproduction of one or more mature myeloid blood cell lineages. ...Classical Ph-MPN are Polycythemia Vera (PV), Essential Thrombocytopenia (ET) and Myelofibrosis (MF). The diagnosis includes clinical, histological and molecular features. There are not data from Chile. The aim of this study is to determinate epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics of Ph-MPN in our country.
Methods: Descriptive and retrospective study. We reviewed the database of the Molecular Biology Laboratory at the Hospital del Salvador, a national reference laboratory, from 2012 to 2017. All patients referred as Ph-MPN were included. We reviewed the clinical records to obtain clinical information.
Results: Clinical data was obtained from 468 cases from 12 public hospitals in Chile. Median age at diagnosis was 70 years. Female to Male ratio= 1,15:1, without significant differences between Ph-MPNs. ET was the most frequently Ph-MNP found, accounting for 49,4% of all Ph-MPN, followed by PV (37%) and MF (10,4%). A 66,2% of ET was JAK2 V617F+. Bone marrow biopsy was performed in 35% of ET cases. Only 7,8% had cytogenetic study. Splenomegaly was found in 8%. Thrombosis was observed in 23,8%. The median platelet count was 842x109/L. All patients received hydrea +/- aspirin or oral anticoagulation. Of the total of PV, 86,6% was JAK2+. Bone marrow biopsy was performed in a quarter of the cases. Thrombosis frequency was 14,5%. A 29% had splenomegaly. Median hemoglobin level was 18 gr/dl. All patients were treated with aspirin +/- phlebotomy and about half of them required cytoreduction. Two patients were refractory to hydrea and used ruxolitinib as second line treatment. A 63,3% of the MF were JAK-2+. Bone marrow biopsy was performed in 59% and 20% had a cytogenetic study. Only one fifth of patients had LDH measurement at diagnosis. Splenomegaly was observed in 75,5% of cases. Thrombosis frequency was 13%. Anemia was the most frequent finding in complete blood count. The treatments were heterogeneous, including hydrea, EPO, thalidomide/prednisone, danazol and ruxolitinib.
Discussion: TE was the most common Ph-MPN. The epidemiological and blood count findings were similar to the data reported in the literature. It is important to note that with the 2016 WHO classification new criteria, some of patients diagnosed with ET, now will be in PV cathegory (21 patients in our serie). The distribution of JAK2V617F+ in Ph-MPN was similar to the published data, except for PV, in which we found a lower percentage of JAK2+. Thrombosis were lower than the data reported for PV. It is worrisome that bone marrow biopsy and cytogenetic study were performed only in a low percentage of the patients. The treatment strategies were heterogeneous and not standardized among the participating centers.
These findings reveal a lack in the use of the diagnostic tools for Ph-MPN. It is important to improve clinical and molecular characterization of these patients in order to guide available therapeutic alternatives in our country.
No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The present study assessed the personality characteristics of children and adolescents with anxiety disorder from a maternal perspective. A total of 48 children and adolescents aged between 8 and 17 ...years participated in this study, which was organized as follows: a clinical group (24 children and adolescents with anxiety disorders and their respective mothers) and a control group (24 children and adolescents without psychiatric diagnosis and their mothers). The participants were submitted to the WASI, CBCL, MASC-2, and EPQ-J tests and their mothers to the SRQ-20 and PIC-2 tests. The results showed higher rates of internalizing symptoms in the clinical group. In addition, patients showed less interest in hobbies, less adherence to social organizations, impairment in social activities, and commitment to school performance compared to the control group. There was a positive correlation between the mothers’ symptoms and each of the following PIC-2 domains: somatic concern (p < 0.01) and psychological discomfort (p < 0.01). In conclusion, youths with AD showed a withdrawn and reserved personality profile, involving distrust of impulses and avoidance of interactions with peers. Furthermore, psychoemotional problems of mothers adversely influenced the perception followed by anxiety and adjustment characteristics. More studies are needed to assess the maternal personality in youths with anxiety.
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