This study aims to i) evaluate some descriptive variables for Grenache berry composition over the last 50 years in the southern Rhône Valley wine-growing region and ii) analyse the impacts of climate ...on the main annual developmental phases of the Grenache berry to understand recent changes observed in the vineyard. A large and spatialised historical, open database from the Rhône Valley grape maturity network (1969–2020) was used to explore trends in grape profile during maturity and at harvest. Then, gridded climate data was used for processing phenological stages and ecoclimatic indicators. Significant changes in grapevine phenology and maturity dynamics were found and linked with changes to ecoclimatic indicators by carrying out a correlation analysis. Depending on the phenological phases, a limited number of ecoclimatic indicators had a significant effect on the maturity profile. The results highlight direct climate impacts on different maturity and yield variables over the last 50 years. These results provide important information about future issues in grape production and the implications for managing viticulture adaptation strategies and thus serve as a basis for assessing, prioritising and optimising technical means of maintaining current grape quality and yield.This study uses an ecoclimatic approach for examining in detail the effects of climate change on the Grenache grape variety in a Mediterranean context. The open database provides the latest information from a large network of plots and over a long period of time, making it possible to validate many results recorded in the literature. This is the first study to use this open database and we wish this database could lead to further explorations and results in viticulture and climate change issues.
The capacity for five Brettanomyces bruxellensis strains to form biofilm on stainless steel was confirmed, and the sanitation of these biofilms was tested using a solution of lactic acid and a ...reference method (a solution of foaming caustic soda and peroxide at 5 %). Different responses were observed depending on the strain: lactic acid solution induced a slight reduction in cell population, while the reference method resulted in the elimination of the adhered cells for three strains, but generated VBNC states for two others. The effects of sanitation on the biofilm formed is strain-dependent.
To facilitate the sharing and interoperability of data collected by many different experimenters and structures, a standardized description of the data acquisition context has been set in the form of ...a data schema. This data schema defines the entities and the attributes to describe them. This data schema is available online, under an open license CC0 1.0 Universal, with a user’s guide.
The capacity for five Brettanomyces bruxellensis strains to form biofilm on stainless steel was confirmed, and the sanitation of these biofilms was tested using a solution of lactic acid and a ...reference method (a solution of foaming caustic soda and peroxide at 5 %). Different responses were observed depending on the strain: lactic acid solution induced a slight reduction in cell population, while the reference method resulted in the elimination of the adhered cells for three strains, but generated VBNC states for two others. The effects of sanitation on the biofilm formed is strain-dependent.
This paper deals with the identification of the left main coronary bifurcation (LMB) in 2D angiograms. We resort to a generic 3D model of the LMB that is projected in the proper angulation to ...retrieve the expected 2D skeleton of the LMB in the considered image. We derive from it an efficient discriminating filter that allows detecting the LMB, while being robust to anatomical variations. We demonstrate the potential of the method over a large database of 120 angiographic sequences from 15 patients. We also propose a method extension that exploits not only the present angiography, but also the previous ones, as acquired in the course of the exam.
Our harmonic analysis has proven well suited to filter the MPI temporal signal and analytically reconstruct the behavior of the contrast product within a single averaged cardiac cycle. A sine-shaped ...temporal evolution of the signal is clearly visible within every voxel of a heart chamber, with more than ten times the amplitude of the background. The atrial and ventricular contraction and dilation behavior contribute to a periodic time signal with heart cycle periodicity. The streamlines of the ∇φ(p, t) vector field shown in figure 1 within the heart chambers may reveal an interesting velocity pattern. In view of the limited resolution of the current data, it is hard to separate the contributions of wall motion from flow in the v(p,t) maps. The large PSF of the system as compared with the heart chambers sizes hampers a reliable interpretation.
The TP53 gene is one of the most commonly inactivated tumor suppressors in human cancers. p53 functions during cancer progression have been linked to a variety of transcriptional and ...non-transcriptional activities that lead to the tight control of cell proliferation, senescence, DNA repair, and cell death. However, converging evidence indicates that p53 also plays a major role in metabolism in both normal and cancer cells.
We provide an overview of the current knowledge on the metabolic activities of wild type (WT) p53 and highlight some of the mechanisms by which p53 contributes to whole body energy homeostasis. We will also pinpoint some evidences suggesting that deregulation of p53-associated metabolic activities leads to human pathologies beyond cancer, including obesity, diabetes, liver, and cardiovascular diseases.
p53 is activated when cells are metabolically challenged but the origin, duration, and intensity of these stresses will dictate the outcome of the p53 response. p53 plays pivotal roles both upstream and downstream of several key metabolic regulators and is involved in multiple feedback-loops that ensure proper cellular homeostasis. The physiological roles of p53 in metabolism involve complex mechanisms of regulation implicating both cell autonomous effects as well as autocrine loops. However, the mechanisms by which p53 coordinates metabolism at the organismal level remain poorly understood. Perturbations of p53-regulated metabolic activities contribute to various metabolic disorders and are pivotal during cancer progression.
•The tumor suppressor p53 is a key metabolic regulator.•p53-mediated control of metabolism is important in normal and cancer cells.•Deregulation of p53 metabolic functions contributes to cancer development and to metabolic disorders.
Objective
To compare response to rituximab (RTX) between adult patients positive for myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) and aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) antibodies.
Methods
We prospectively studied ...adult patients with MOG or AQP4 antibodies who received RTX under an individualized dosing schedule adapted to the biological effect of RTX monitored by memory B‐cell measurement. Memory B cells were counted monthly and when relapse occurred. The biological effect of RTX was considered significant with <0.05% memory B cells in peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Results
In 16 patients with MOG antibodies and 29 with AQP4 antibodies, mean follow‐up was 19 (range = 9–38) and 38 (13–79) months. Under RTX, 10 relapses occurred in 6 of 16 (37.5%) patients with MOG antibodies, and 13 occurred in 7 of 29 (24%) with AQP4 antibodies. The median time of relapse after the most recent infusion was 2.6 (0.6–5.8) and 7 (0.8–13) months, respectively (p < 0.001). Memory B cells had reemerged in 2 of 10 (20%) relapses in patients with MOG antibodies and 12 of 13 (92.5%) with AQP4 antibodies (p < 0.001).
Interpretation
In AQP4 antibody–associated disorder, relapse mostly occurs when the biological effect of RTX decreases, which argues for treatment efficacy. In MOG antibody–associated disorder, the efficacy of RTX is not constant, because one‐third of patients showed relapse despite an effective biological effect of RTX. In this subpopulation, memory B‐cell depletion was unable to prevent relapse, which was probably caused by different immunological mechanisms. These findings should be used to improve treatment strategies for MOG antibody–associated disorder. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:256–266
Nanoparticle surface chemistry is known to play a crucial role in interactions with cells and their related cytotoxic effects. As inhalation is a major route of exposure to nanoparticles, we studied ...specific uptake and damages of well-characterized fluorescent 50 nm polystyrene (PS) nanobeads harboring different functionalized surfaces (non-functionalized, carboxylated and aminated) on pulmonary epithelial cells and macrophages (Calu-3 and THP-1 cell lines respectively). Cytotoxicity of in mass dye-labeled functionalized PS nanobeads was assessed by xCELLigence system and alamarBlue viability assay. Nanobeads-cells interactions were studied by video-microscopy, flow cytometry and also confocal microscopy. Finally ROS generation was assessed by glutathione depletion dosages and genotoxicity was assessed by γ-H2Ax foci detection, which is considered as the most sensitive technique for studying DNA double strand breaks. The uptake kinetic was different for each cell line. All nanobeads were partly adsorbed and internalized, then released by Calu-3 cells, while THP-1 macrophages quickly incorporated all nanobeads which were located in the cytoplasm rather than in the nuclei. In parallel, the genotoxicity study reported that only aminated nanobeads significantly increased DNA damages in association with a strong depletion of reduced glutathione in both cell lines. We showed that for similar nanoparticle concentrations and sizes, aminated polystyrene nanobeads were more cytotoxic and genotoxic than unmodified and carboxylated ones on both cell lines. Interestingly, aminated polystyrene nanobeads induced similar cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on Calu-3 epithelial cells and THP-1 macrophages, for all levels of intracellular nanoparticles tested. Our results strongly support the primordial role of nanoparticles surface chemistry on cellular uptake and related biological effects. Moreover our data clearly show that nanoparticle internalization and observed adverse effects are not necessarily associated.
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of the most important components of the Cannabis sativa plant with delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). CBD is used both for medical and recreational purposes. It can be of ...pharmaceutical grade (Epidyolex®), and also self-service purchased in pharmacy, CBD shops and on the internet (non-pharmaceutical). CBD is almost as widespread as it is poorly understood from a pharmacological point of view and particularly in terms of drug interactions. Drug-drug interactions could lead to clinical complications, and we here gather data currently available on pharmacokinetics (PK) drug-drug interactions with CBD through a narrative review. This review shows that several PK drug-drug interactions exist with different class of medications and aims to help clinicians to better know about CBD for their practice as this product is increasingly used.
PDF
