Recently, the intrauterine sterile environment theory has been questioned. Growing evidence shows that microbial in utero pioneer gut colonization could occur prebirth, and this initial colonization ...may play an important role in the development of the neonate immune system and setting up a niche for the adult-like microbiota. In this study, we compared the microbiota networks from public available meconium datasets from different countries. The findings showed differences at the genera level and were country-dependent. We generated and analyzed bacterial networks, at the genera level of meconium samples from c-section and vaginally delivery modes. Interestingly, bacterial networks from the c-section-delivered meconium samples tended to have a bigger diameter but fewer correlations, whereas the vaginally delivered meconium networks were smaller and with a higher number of correlations. Even more, the networks were similar in the delivery mode, even between countries, at the genera level. The c-section networks suggest incomplete colonization or important lack of bacteria, promoting the susceptibility of the network to receive new members, beneficial or pathogens. These results suggest that the network analysis contributes to the knowledge of microbiota composition, identifying microbial associations, despite the differences between the environment and country habits, and obtaining a better understanding of microbial gut colonization.
Streptococcus dentisani has been proposed as a promising probiotic against tooth decay, due to its ability to buffer acidic pH and to inhibit the growth of oral pathogens. However, it is unknown if ...this bacterial species has a global distribution. The current study aimed to establish the presence of S. dentisani in oral samples from different geographic locations by identifying the sequence of its 16S rRNA gene in available datasets from across the globe. In addition, an analytical and cross-sectional study was carried out to determine if the levels of this probiotic strain are higher in caries-free individuals compared to those with dental caries. Samples from various geographical sources demonstrated that S. dentisani is present in saliva and dental plaque from individuals of different continents. Typical S. dentisani levels in saliva ranged from 10
to 10
cells/ml and a total of 10
-10
cells in dental plaque. Using real-time qPCR, S. dentisani was quantified from supragingival dental plaque of 25 caries-free and 29 caries-active individuals from a Mexican children population, where significantly higher proportions of S. dentisani were found in the caries-free group (p = 0.002). Finally, a negative correlation was found between caries levels (as measured by the dmft caries index) and the percentage of S. dentisani (p < 0.001). Thus, the current manuscript indicates that this species has a global distribution, can be found in saliva and dental plaque, and appears to be present in higher numbers in plaque samples from caries-free children.
Bacteriotherapy is a promising option in addressing dental caries, a persistent global public health challenge with multifactorial origin, including dysbiosis. Despite the exploration of various ...probiotics, outcomes remain inconclusive. Objective: This study aimed to assess the inhibitory potential of L. reuteri and other potential probiotics like S. salivarius and S. oralis on the growth, adhesion, colonization, and viability of major cariogenic pathogens, comparing their probiotic efficacy. Methods: An in vitro experimental study was conducted, encompassing direct competition assays in solid and liquid co-culture tests and the characterization of adhesion to dental enamel and cell viability by life or death assay. Results: L. reuteri exhibited the significant inhibition of S. sobrinus and S. mutans growth in both solid and liquid cultures, with statistically notable differences. Scanning electron microscopy and confocal microscopy demonstrated reduced cariogenic biofilm formation when combined with L. reuteri, corroborated by diminished bacterial viability and decreased dental enamel coverage. These findings underscore L. reuteri’s potential as an effective agent in caries prevention. Conclusion: The study suggests L. reuteri could serve as an effective probiotic in bacteriotherapy against dental caries. It displayed substantial inhibitory activity in vitro against cariogenic bacteria, impeding biofilm formation and adhesion, thereby impacting cell viability.
RESUMEN: Se evaluó el efecto de un gel con arginina sobre el pH y flujo salival después de un uso de catorce días en mujeres con desmineralización dental leve. Se estableció un piloto de ensayo ...clínico controladoen el cual fueron incluidas 20 mujeres de 18 -23 años, sistémicamente sanas y con al menos un órgano dental con desmineralización ICDAS 3, dos grupos: Grupo A / sin arginina (N=10) y Grupo B/ con arginina (N=10). Se realizó una evaluación clínica y toma de una muestra de saliva no estimulada para la determinación del pH, y la medición del flujo salival al inicio y 15 días posterior a la utilización del gel. Se realizó el análisis estadístico con el programa GraphPadPrism versión 8. Una p<0,05 fue considerado como estadísticamente significativo. En ambos grupos se mantuvo el pH salival cercano a la neutralidad sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas y el flujo salival permaneció en valores normales tras la utilización del gel durante 14 días, aunque se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas en la comparación inter-grupo. La utilización de un gel con arginina durante 14 días mantuvo el pH neutro y el flujo salival en niveles normales sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas con el grupo control.
Please cite this paper as: Comas‐García et al. (2011) Mortality attributable to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 5(2), 76–82.
...Background Acute respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Starting in 2009, pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus has become one of the leading respiratory pathogens worldwide. However, the overall impact of this virus as a cause of mortality has not been clearly defined.
Objectives To determine the impact of pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 on mortality in a Mexican population.
Methods We assessed the impact of pandemic influenza virus on mortality during the first and second outbreaks in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, and compared it to mortality associated with seasonal influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) during the previous winter seasons.
Results We estimated that, on average, 8·1% of all deaths that occurred during the 2003–2009 seasons were attributable to influenza and RSV. During the first pandemic influenza A(H1N1) 2009 outbreak, there was an increase in mortality in persons 5–59 years of age, but not during the second outbreak (Fall of 2009). Overall, pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 outbreaks had similar effects on mortality to those associated with seasonal influenza virus epidemics.
Conclusions The impact of influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus on mortality during the first year of the pandemic was similar to that observed for seasonal influenza. The establishment of real‐time surveillance systems capable of integrating virological, morbidity, and mortality data may result in the timely identification of outbreaks so as to allow for the institution of appropriate control measures to reduce the impact of emerging pathogens on the population.
Levofloxacin monitoring is recommended to obtain clinical cure and low incidence of antimicrobial resistance. During the monitoring procedure, levofloxacin should be measured in plasma samples and ...several assays are reported for this purpose. However, those methods do not have all of the characteristics for an accessible and reliable drug monitoring. For this reason, we develop a method that has all of the essential characteristics for levofloxacin monitoring.
The procedure of validation was done in terms of Food and Drug Administration guidelines. Subsequently, our assay was applied in plasma samples obtained from healthy volunteers with a single oral administration of levofloxacin as well as patients with respiratory diseases under levofloxacin therapy.
Levofloxacin was extracted from samples using only two precipitation steps. Our assay had a rapid run time (5min), adequate sensitivity (0.05μg/ml of lower limit of quantification), and acceptable parameters of validation. Moreover, compound identities were supported using three dimensional spectra and purities were confirmed employing similarity factors (values>900). Variable concentrations of levofloxacin in samples were observed during the application.
Levofloxacin is successfully quantified using our method that shows reliable results, appropriate range, rapid analyses, and cost-effective measurements under a simple and easy technique while all prior methods did not have it all together. Consequently, our method is a valuable tool for routine drug monitoring. Moreover, a complete evaluation of specificity was done for levofloxacin in plasma samples for the first time. Meanwhile, the application data supported the necessity of levofloxacin monitoring.
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•Routine levofloxacin monitoring needs a reliable and accessible assay.•We report a reliable and accessible method than all of prior analysis.•A complete evaluation of specificity was done for levofloxacin for first time.
Background
Uremic stomatitis is often unfamiliar to healthcare professionals. This study presents five cases of uremic stomatitis, providing a comprehensive analysis of their demographic ...distribution, clinicopathological features, and management strategies based on existing literature.
Methods
Data were collected from centers across Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, and Mexico. Electronic searches were conducted in five databases supplemented by manual scrutiny and gray literature.
Results
The series consisted of three men and two women with a mean age of 40.2 years. Lesions mostly appeared as white plaques, particularly on the tongue (100%). The median blood urea level was 129 mg/dL. Histopathological analysis revealed epithelial changes, including acanthosis and parakeratosis, with ballooned keratinocytes in the suprabasal region. Oral lesions resolved subsequent to hemodialysis in three cases (75%). Thirty-seven studies comprising 52 cases of uremic stomatitis have been described hitherto. Most patients were male (65.4%) with a mean age of 43.6 years. Clinically, grayish-white plaques (37.3%) and ulcers/ulcerations (28.9%) were common, particularly on the tongue (30.9%). Hemodialysis was performed on 27 individuals. The resolution rate of oral lesions was 53.3%.
Conclusion
Earlier recognition of uremic stomatitis, possibly associated with long-term uremia, holds the potential to improve outcomes for patients with undiagnosed chronic kidney disease.
To describe the existing knowledge about the alterations of the MBO oral microbiome and the presence of OL Oral Lesions in patients with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ALL.
An electronic search was ...carried out in the PubMed, SciELO, and academic Google databases, and descriptive, analytical, observational articles on MBO, OL, and ALL were included, following the PRISMA criteria. 642 were evaluated, duplicate articles, case reports, and those where only changes were reported during or after chemotherapy treatment were eliminated.
10 articles were evaluated, published between 1997 and 2021, 4 articles agreed that the MBO of patients with ALL is in dysbiosis showing a significant increase in firmicutes 0.1%, bacillus 0.05%, and opportunistic bacteria such as
,
5.66%,
3.77%,
1.88%,
1.88% and
1.08%, the most frequent OL reported in 5 articles were spontaneous gingival bleeding 3.5%, gingivitis 25% and ulcers 9.4%.
The oral cavity of patients with ALL is in dysbiosis and associated OL is identified. It is necessary to establish preventive strategies with a niche-ecological approach to restore the MBO, to reduce the risk of opportunistic infections and other OL during chemotherapy treatment.
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