A golden age for heavy-quarkonium physics dawned a decade ago, initiated by the confluence of exciting advances in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and an explosion of related experimental activity. The ...early years of this period were chronicled in the Quarkonium Working Group (QWG) CERN Yellow Report (YR) in 2004, which presented a comprehensive review of the status of the field at that time and provided specific recommendations for further progress. However, the broad spectrum of subsequent breakthroughs, surprises, and continuing puzzles could only be partially anticipated. Since the release of the YR, the BESII program concluded only to give birth to BESIII; the
B
-factories and CLEO-c flourished; quarkonium production and polarization measurements at HERA and the Tevatron matured; and heavy-ion collisions at RHIC have opened a window on the deconfinement regime. All these experiments leave legacies of quality, precision, and unsolved mysteries for quarkonium physics, and therefore beg for continuing investigations at BESIII, the LHC, RHIC, FAIR, the Super Flavor and/or Tau–Charm factories, JLab, the ILC, and beyond. The list of newly found conventional states expanded to include
h
c
(1
P
),
χ
c
2
(2
P
),
, and
η
b
(1
S
). In addition, the unexpected and still-fascinating
X
(3872) has been joined by more than a dozen other charmonium- and bottomonium-like “
XYZ
” states that appear to lie outside the quark model. Many of these still need experimental confirmation. The plethora of new states unleashed a flood of theoretical investigations into new forms of matter such as quark–gluon hybrids, mesonic molecules, and tetraquarks. Measurements of the spectroscopy, decays, production, and in-medium behavior of
,
, and
bound states have been shown to validate some theoretical approaches to QCD and highlight lack of quantitative success for others. Lattice QCD has grown from a tool with computational possibilities to an industrial-strength effort now dependent more on insight and innovation than pure computational power. New effective field theories for the description of quarkonium in different regimes have been developed and brought to a high degree of sophistication, thus enabling precise and solid theoretical predictions. Many expected decays and transitions have either been measured with precision or for the first time, but the confusing patterns of decays, both above and below open-flavor thresholds, endure and have deepened. The intriguing details of quarkonium suppression in heavy-ion collisions that have emerged from RHIC have elevated the importance of separating hot- and cold-nuclear-matter effects in quark–gluon plasma studies. This review systematically addresses all these matters and concludes by prioritizing directions for ongoing and future efforts.
Using a total of 9.0 fb−1 of e+e− collision data with center-of-mass energies between 4.15 and 4.30 GeV collected by the BESIII detector, we search for the processes e+e−→γX(3872) with X(3872)→π0χcJ ...for J=0, 1, 2. We report the first observation of X(3872)→π0χc1, a new decay mode of the X(3872), with a statistical significance of more than 5σ for all systematic fit variations. Normalizing to the previously established process e+e−→γX(3872) with X(3872)→π+π−J/ψ, we find B(X(3872)→π0χc1)/B(X(3872)→π+π−J/ψ)=0.88−0.27+0.33±0.10, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic. We set 90% confidence level upper limits on the corresponding ratios for the decays to π0χc0 and π0χc2 of 19 and 1.1, respectively.
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We have discovered annual variations in the super(238)U/ super(40)Ca ratio of Porites coral skeletons. Measurements were made using thermal ionization mass spectrometric techniques, yielding ...precisions of plus or minus 2ppt (2 sigma ) for super(238)U/ super(40)Ca and plus or minus 1ppt (2 sigma ) for super(88)Sr/ super(40)Ca. Coralline aragonite subsamples weighed similar to 2 mg, enabling submillimeter sampling resolution corresponding to similar to monthly temporal resolution. The annual nature of the cycles was confirmed by comparison with annual banding observable in X-radiographs. For two modern and one fossil sample, the amplitude of the U/Ca variation ranges from 6 to 23%, well outside of analytical error. As annual U/Ca cycles appear to be a general feature of primary coralline aragonite, the preservation of such features will be important in identifying unaltered coral for U-series dating studies. U/Ca variations mimic and are in phase with annual variations in super(88)Sr/ super(40)Ca. For a given fractional shift in Sr/Ca, the fractional shift in U/Ca is about 6 times larger. For the two modern corals, super(238)U/ super(40)Ca is strongly anticorrelated with measured temperature, suggesting that super(238)U/ super(40)Ca has potential as a paleothermometer. If temperature is the only significant control on coralline super(238)U/ super(40)Ca, we reach the following conclusions from analyses of fossil samples: a Vanuatu sample, which grew halfway through the last deglaciation, gives U/Ca temperatures 4 to 5 degree C below modern values. U/Ca thermometry applied to published data for Barbados corals indicates that (1) temperature generally correlates with sea level, (2) glacial temperatures (stages 2 and 4) were 4 to 6 degree C lower than interglacial temperatures (stages 7a, 5e, and 1), and (3) temperatures rose from glacial to interglacial values early in the last deglaciation. Thermometry applied to Papua New Guinea corals indicates that (1) temperatures were 5 to 6 degree C lower than interglacial temperatures from similar to 13 to similar to 10 Ky BP, then rose to present values similar to 9 Ky BP, (2) the temperature depression between similar to 13 and similar to 10 Ky BP is consistent with low temperatures observed in Vanuatu during the same time interval, and (3) the Papua New Guinea deglacial temperature history differs from that of Barbados. The results generally support estimates of tropical temperatures obtained from Sr/Ca thermometry and snow line elevation data, but disagree with those based on foram transfer functions. A thermodynamic model suggests that coralline super(238)U/ super(40)Ca may also be sensitive to marine carbonate ion concentration, raising the possibility that some of the observed glacial-interglacial super(238)U/ super(40)Ca variation may result from glacial-interglacial carbonate ion changes. However, the key experiments that might establish a coralline super(238)U/ super(40)Ca-carbonate ion relationship have yet to be performed.
Adipocytokines have been proven to be involved in the progression of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Nesfatin-1, a newly discovered adipokine, has recently been reported to ...possess potent anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and antioxidative properties. However, its role in RA has not yet been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to determine nesfatin-1 levels in the synovium and synovial fluid (SF) of patients with RA and examine their correlation with clinical manifestations and proinflammatory cytokine levels.
Synovium and SF samples were collected from patients with RA and non-RA patients during joint surgery. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure nesfatin-1 protein expression in the synovium. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure nesfatin-1, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in the synovium and SF. Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlations between nesfatin-1 levels, RA clinical features, and proinflammatory cytokines. The diagnostic value of synovium nesfatin-1 for RA was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
The results showed that nesfatin-1, IL-1β, and TNF-α levels in the synovium were significantly higher in patients with RA than in controls, with age and body mass index as covariates. Moreover, the results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that nesfatin-1 levels were positively correlated with IL-1β and TNF-α levels in the synovium of patients with RA. Furthermore, there was a positive relationship between synovium nesfatin-1 levels and rheumatoid factor in patients with RA. Additionally, the results of the ROC curve analysis revealed an area under the curve of 0.733 with 77.5% sensitivity and 60.0% specificity for synovium nesfatin-1 in discriminating patients with RA from controls.
These findings suggest that increased nesfatin-1 levels in the synovium may be associated with proinflammatory cytokines and RA severity.
Number of J/ψ events at BESIII Adlarson, P.; Ahmed, S.; Amoroso, A. ...
Chinese physics C,
07/2022, Volume:
46, Issue:
7
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Abstract
Using inclusive decays of
, a precise determination of the number of
events collected with the BESIII detector was performed. For the two data sets taken in 2009 and 2012, the numbers of
...events were recalculated to be
and
, respectively; these numbers are in good agreement with the previous measurements. For the
sample taken in 2017–2019, the number of events was determined to be
. The total number of
events collected with the BESIII detector was determined to be
, where the uncertainty is dominated by systematic effects, and the statistical uncertainty is negligible.
Based on 10 billion J/psi events collected at the BESIII experiment, a search for CP violation in Lambda decay is performed in the difference between CP-odd decay parameters alpha_ for Lambda -> p ...pi(-) and alpha(+) for (Lambda) over bar -> (p) over bar pi(+) by using the process e(+)e(-) -> J/psi -> Lambda(Lambda) over bar. With a five-dimensional fit to the full angular distributions of the daughter baryon, the most precise values for the decay parameters arc determined to be a_ = 0.7519 +/- 0.0036 +/- 0.0024 and alpha(+) = -0.7559 +/- 0.0036 +/- 0.0030, respectively. The Lambda and (Lambda) over bar averaged value of the decay parameter is extracted to be a(avg) = 0.7542 +/- 0.0010 +/- 0.0024 with unprecedented accuracy. The CP asymmetry A(CP) = (alpha_ + alpha(+))/(a_-alpha(+)) is determined to be -0.0025 +/- 0.0046 +/- 0.0012, which is one of the most precise measurements in the baryon sector. The reported results for the decay parameter will play an important role in the studies of the polarizations and CP violations for the strange, charmed and beauty baryons.
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Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb−1 recorded by the BESIII detector at a center-of-mass energy of 3.773 GeV, we present an analysis of the decays D0 → π−π0e+νe ...and D+ → π−π+e+νe. By performing a partial wave analysis, the π+π− S-wave contribution to D+ → π−π+e+νe is observed to be (25.7 ± 1.6 ± 1.1)% with a statistical significance greater than 10σ, besides the dominant P-wave contribution. This is the first observation of the S-wave contribution. We measure the branching fractions B(D0 → ρ−e+νe) = (1.445 ± 0.058 ± 0.039) × 10−3, B(D+ → ρ0e+νe) = (1.860 ± 0.070 ± 0.061) × 10−3, and B(D+ → f0(500)e+νe, f0(500) → π+π−) = (6.30 ± 0.43 ± 0.32) × 10−4. An upper limit of B(D+ → f0(980)e+νe, f0(980) → π+π−) < 2.8 × 10−5 is set at the 90% confidence level. We also obtain the hadronic form factor ratios of D → ρe+νe at q2 = 0 assuming the single-pole dominance parametrization: rV = {V(0)/A1(0)} = 1.695 ± 0.083 ± 0.051, r2 = {A2(0)/A1(0)} = 0.845 ± 0.056 ± 0.039.
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In vitro studies have previously shown that the myelomonocytic differentiation antigen CD14 is a receptor for a complex consisting of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS-binding protein. To investigate ...the role of CD14 in vivo and its relationship to induction of LPS-induced endotoxin shock, transgenic mice expressing human CD14 were produced. These mice express human CD14 strongly on the surface of their monocytes, neutrophils, and Thy-1(+) lymphocytes and are hypersensitive to LPS, as evidenced by their increased susceptibility to endotoxin shock. These results document the importance of CD14 in vivo as a primary mediator of this lethal syndrome. Furthermore, these mice provide an important model for testing the therapeutic effects of agents directed specifically against the human, as opposed to the murine, CD14 protein in preventing LPS-induced endotoxin shock.
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