This perspective article on using partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) is intended as a guide for authors who wish to publish datasets that can be analysed with this method ...as stand-alone data articles. Stand-alone data articles are different from supporting data articles in that they are not linked to a full research article published in another journal. Nevertheless, authors of stand-alone data articles will be required to clearly demonstrate and justify the usefulness of their dataset. This perspective article offers actionable recommendations regarding the conceptualisation phase, the types of data suitable for PLS-SEM and quality criteria to report, which are generally applicable to studies using PLS-SEM. We also present adjusted versions of the HTMT metric for discriminant validity testing that broaden its applicability. Further, we highlight the benefit of linking data articles to already published research papers that employ the PLS-SEM method.
Rapid export expansion into institutionally distant locations has become more possible in the era of digital economy. Will such rapid expansion bring desirable outcome to firms? In a context of ...international new ventures (INVs) from emerging markets, we reconceptualize export expansion speed as the pace of exporting across institutional distance over a certain period of time. We then examine the relationship between rapid export expansion across institutional distance and overall firm performance. We incorporate directionality into export expansion and hypothesize the relationship to be positive when INVs export upwardly to more open countries, yet the relationship to be negative when INVs export downwardly to less open countries. We also hypothesize that the degree of market liberalization in subnational regions of origin of the INVs moderates the above speed–performance relationships. Instrumental variable models based on data of Chinese indigenous INVs during 2000–2009 support these hypotheses. This study both zooms in and zooms out the analytical lens along the location-related institutional axis, examines the joint effect of institutions involved in supranational directions and subnational origins on firm performance, and advances institutional theory.
Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) measurements of highly interrupted milling processes were conducted. A real spindle was used with a dummy tool on which the cutting forces were emulated with contactless ...sensors and actuators. During the experiments, Hopf- and period-doubling bifurcations were identified. The nonlinear dynamics of these period-doubling bifurcations are analyzed for a discrete model of highly interrupted milling. This investigation found the bifurcation to be subcritical, which draws the attention to the limited practical validity of linear stability analysis.
Purpose
– Structural equation modeling (SEM) has been widely used to examine complex research models in international business and marketing research. While the covariance-based SEM (CB-SEM) approach ...is dominant, the authors argue that the field’s dynamic nature and the sometimes early stage of theory development more often require a partial least squares SEM (PLS-SEM) approach. The purpose of this paper is to critically review the application of SEM techniques in the field.
Design/methodology/approach
– The authors searched six journals with an international business (and marketing) focus (Management International Review, Journal of International Business Studies, Journal of International Management, International Marketing Review, Journal of World Business, International Business Review) from 1990 to 2013. The authors reviewed all articles that apply SEM, analyzed their research objectives and methodology choices, and assessed whether the PLS-SEM papers followed the best practices outlined in the past.
Findings
– Of the articles, 379 utilized CB-SEM and 45 PLS-SEM. The reasons for using PLS-SEM referred largely to sampling and data measurement issues and did not sufficiently build on the procedure’s benefits that stem from its design for predictive and exploratory purposes. Thus, the procedure’s key benefits, which might be fruitful for the theorizing process, are not being fully exploited. Furthermore, authors need to better follow best practices to truly advance theory building.
Research limitations/implications
– The authors examined a subset of journals in the field and did not include general management journals that publish international business and marketing-related studies. Fur-thermore, the authors found only limited use of PLS-SEM in the journals the authors considered relevant to the study.
Originality/value
– The study contributes to the literature by providing researchers seeking to adopt SEM as an analytical method with practical guidelines for making better choices concerning an appropriate SEM approach. Furthermore, based on a systematic review of current practices in the international business and marketing literature, the authors identify critical challenges in the selection and use of SEM procedures and offer concrete recommendations for better practice.
•Examines how firms can overcome export barriers and improve performance.•Highlights internationalization strategies in an era of globalization discontents and increasing protectionism.•Demonstrates ...the importance of simultaneous orchestration of micro and macro level networks in overcoming export barriers.
In this study we examine the effect of matching, a comprehensive networking concept, on the perceived export barriers and export performance of small exporting firms. We introduce matching as a moderating variable affecting the link of perceived internal/external export barriers to export performance. Using a sample of 106 UK-based exporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs), we find that matching alleviates the negative impact of perceived internal export barriers on export performance. Furthermore, the empirical results show that export experience and export commitment reduce managers' perceived internal and external export barriers. The study shows that matching, as a networking-tool at multiple levels, can help to overcome export barriers, thus providing a mechanism to offset challenges opened up through nationalistic policies.
Globalization drives firms to develop product innovation through their global supply chains. While innovations generated by supply channel members, as opposed to individual partners, are playing an ...increasingly important role in the success of all supply chain partners, there has been limited research on how supply chain relationships cultivate the process of such innovation generation, particularly in emerging markets. Correspondingly, this study explores how multinational suppliers can develop adaptive product innovation to create competitive advantage in emerging markets. Drawing on the knowledge‐based view and transaction cost economics, this study investigates the influence of supplier involvement and other factors on supplier innovation and performance. The results of a survey of 170 multinational automobile suppliers in China provide support for most of the hypotheses. Specifically, supplier involvement in codesign has an inverted U‐shaped relationship with product innovation. Furthermore, knowledge protection, trust, and technological uncertainty are all found to drive greater product innovation. In addition, the institutional environment moderates the effect of product innovation on performance. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of how MNEs can acquire local knowledge and develop adaptive products in emerging markets.
•The paper shows how social value creation and business models are interrelated in the context of the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) business formation.•The paper explores constraints that Indian firms ...face in their institutional environment.•The management of overcoming these constraints and implications for the development of economic and social outcomes is discussed..•Implications are drawn from the performance of business models in the BOP.•The paper outlines what MNE may learn for firm strategies by engaging with BOP.
This paper presents an exploratory study of how social value creation and business models may be interrelated in the context of the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) business formation. We develop our analysis around five case studies of actual businesses set up in rural India by people in the BOP. We attempt to draw implications from the performance of the business models in the BOP for what MNE strategies of engagement with the BOP may learn from the processes we analysed.
This data article offers three inter-connected, historical datasets regarding consumer ethnocentrism in Austria. (1) The first dataset (cet-dev) was used for scale development. It replicates and ...extends the US-CETSCALE, developed by Shimp and Sharma 1. It was drawn on a quota-sampling technique (n = 1105), representative of the Austrian population in 1993 and examines perceptions regarding foreign-made products. (2) The second dataset (cet-val) was used for scale validation, again drawn from a representative sample of the Austrian population in 1993-1994 (n = 1069), and (3) the third dataset (cet-xtrmgrp) drew on a snowball sample of members of the Austrian army (n = 105) and members of export-oriented firms (n = 72), thus providing an ‘extreme group’ validation opportunity for the Austrian CETSCALE. The data can be reused for factor analytic multivariate procedures, to test antecedents and consequences of consumer ethnocentrism in the Austrian context and provide historic value, if pooled and reused with contemporary data.
This paper sets out to investigate the role of religion and spirituality in a business network context, with an empirical focus on the international business development of Turkish SMEs. By drawing ...on the concept of homophily and tie strength, we argue that, while religion can act as a bridge and thus create a multitude of weak ties within a business network, spirituality can deepen these ties and make them stronger through increased emotional intensity, intimacy and reciprocal service. The data were collected from participants in two Islamic business associations in Turkey. The results suggest that spirituality indeed drives members’ commitment to the network and the presence of spirituality has a distinctive effect on members’ contributions to and demands on the network. More specifically, members who treat their network membership as an extension of their spiritual practice tend to mainly benefit from intangible resources, while members who view their shared religion as an entry point into the network seem to benefit from both tangible and intangible network resources. The findings have several theoretical and practical implications, including the introduction of the spirituality concept into the discussion of homophily and tie strength in business networks, and the role of home networks in the internationalization of SMEs.
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