Few human papillomavirus (HPV) serology studies have evaluated type-specific seroprevalence of vaccine HPV types in men. This study investigates seroprevalence of HPV 6, 11, 16, and 18, and ...associated risk factors in men residing in three countries (United States, Mexico, and Brazil).
Data from 1,477 men aged 18 to 70 enrolled in the HPV Infection in Men Study (HIM Study) were analyzed. Serum antibody testing was performed with virus-like particle-based ELISA. Potential risk factors were assessed for individual HPV types by the use of logistic regression.
Overall, HPV-6, 11, 16, and 18 seroprevalence was 14.8%, 17.3%, 11.2%, and 5.8%, respectively. Thirty-four percent of men were seropositive to one or more HPV types. When examined by sexual practice, 31.2% of men who had sex with women, 65.6% of men who had sex with men (MSM), and 59.4% of men who had sex with both men and women (MSMW) were seropositive to one or more HPV types. Seroprevalence increased with age among young-to-middle-aged men with significant upward age trends observed for HPV 11, 16, and 18. Men with multiple lifetime male anal sex partners were 2 to 4 times more likely to be HPV 6 or 11 seropositive and 3 to 11 times more likely to be HPV 16 or 18 seropositive.
Our data indicate that exposures to vaccine HPV types were common in men and highly prevalent among MSM and MSMW.
Our study provides strong evidence that the practice of same-sex anal intercourse is an independent risk factor for seroprevalence of individual vaccine HPV types. Examination of antibody responses to HPV infections at various anatomic sites in future studies is needed to elaborate on the mechanism.
There is scarce information about the link between specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and risk of liver disease among Latinos, despite the disproportionate burden of disease among this ...population. Our aim was to investigate nine SNPs in or near the following genes:
PNPLA3, LYPLAL1, PPP1R3B, GCKR, NCAN, IRS1, PPARG,
and
ADIPOR2
and examine their association with persistently elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels in Mexican adults. Data and samples were collected from 741 participants in the Mexican Health Worker Cohort Study, in Cuernavaca, Mexico. We identified 207 cases who had persistently elevated levels of ALT or AST (≥40 U/L) and 534 controls with at least two consecutive normal ALT or AST results in a 6 month period, during 2004–2006 and 2011–2013. TaqMan assays were used to genotype the SNPs. The risk allele of
PNPLA3
rs738409 was found to be associated with persistently elevated levels of ALT or AST, adjusting for age, sex, BMI, type 2 diabetes, and ancestry: (OR 2.28, 95 % CI 1.13, 4.58). A significant association was found between the
LYPLAL1, PPP1R3B,
and
GCKR
risk alleles and elevated ALT or AST levels among overweight/obese adults. These results suggest that among Mexicans, the
PNPLA3
(rs738409),
LYPLAL1
(rs12137855),
PPP1R3B
(rs4240624), and
GCKR
(rs780094) polymorphisms may be associated with a greater risk of chronic liver disease among overweight adults. This study is the first to examine these nine SNPs in a sample of adults in Mexico.
Reported associations of male circumcision (MC) with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men have been inconsistent.
4,033 healthy men were examined every six months for a median of 17.5 months. ...In each study visit, exfoliated cell specimens from the coronal sulcus/glans penis, penile shaft, and scrotum were collected and combined into one sample per person for HPV DNA detection. Samples were tested for 37 HPV types. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the association between MC and the incidence and clearance of HPV infections and specific genotypes.
The overall incidence of new HPV infections did not differ by MC status (for any HPV, adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91-1.27). However, incidence was significantly lower among circumcised versus uncircumcised men for HPV types 58 (p = 0.01), 68 (p < 0.001), 42 (p = 0.01), 61 (p < 0.001), 71 (p < 0.001), 81 (p = 0.04), and IS39 (p = 0.01), and higher for HPV types 39 (p = 0.01) and 51 (p = 0.02). Despite the lack of an overall association in the risk of HPV clearance by MC (for any HPV, aHR 0.95, 95% CI 0.88-1.02), median times to clearance were significantly shorter among circumcised than uncircumcised men for HPV types 33 (p = 0.02) and 64 (p = 0.04), and longer for HPV types 6 (p < 0.001), 16 (p < 0.001), and 51 (p = 0.02).
MC is not associated with the incidence and clearance of genital HPV detection, except for certain HPV types. The use of a single combined sample from the penis and scrotum for HPV DNA detection likely limited our ability to identify a true effect of MC at the distal penis.
The prevalence of hyperuricemia has doubled worldwide during the last few decades. The substantial increase in sweetened beverage (SB) consumption has also coincided with the secular trend of ...hyperuricemia. Recent studies do show that the consumption of SB can induce hyperuricemia. However, the association between SB and hyperuricemia remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between SB consumption and levels of uric acid in Mexican adults.
We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from selected adults participating in the baseline assessment of the Health Workers Cohort Study. A total of 6,705 participants of both sexes between ages 18 and 70 years were included. SB intake was estimated using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical and anthropometric information was collected using standard procedures. Hyperuricemia was defined as uric acid levels ≥ 7.0 mg/dL in men and ≥ 5.8 mg/dL in women. The association of interest was assessed by multiple logistic regression models.
The odds ratios (OR) for hyperuricemia in men who consume 0.5-1 SB/day was 1.59 (95% CI; 1.05-2.40) and 2.29 (95% CI; 1.55-3.38) for those who consume ≥3 SB/day when compared to men who consume less than half a SB/day. In women, the OR for hyperuricemia for those who consume >1.0- < 3.0 SB/day was 1.33 (95% CI; 1.04-1.70) and 1.35 (95% CI; 1.04-1.75) for those who consume ≥3 SB/day when compared to women who consume less than half a SB/day, independent of other covariables. Men and women with high SB consumption and a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 Kg/m2 had greater risk for hyperuricemia than men and women with low SB consumption and normal BMI < 25 Kg/m2.
Our findings suggest that the consumption of SB is associated with an increased risk of hyperuricemia in Mexican adults. However, longitudinal research is needed to confirm the association between SB intake and hyperuricemia.
Background
Infections with human papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 account for ~70% of invasive cervical cancers but the degree of protection from naturally acquired anti‐HPV antibodies is ...uncertain. We examined the risk of HPV infections as defined by HPV DNA detection and cervical abnormalities among women >25 years in the Human Papilloma VIrus Vaccine Immunogenicity ANd Efficacy trial's (VIVIANE, NCT00294047) control arm.
Methods
Serum anti‐HPV‐16/18 antibodies were determined at baseline and every 12 months in baseline DNA‐negative women (N = 2687 for HPV‐16 and 2705 for HPV‐18) by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from blood samples. HPV infections were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) every 6‐months, and cervical abnormalities were confirmed by cytology every 12 months. Data were collected over a 7‐year period. The association between the risk of type‐specific infection and cervical abnormalities and serostatus was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models.
Results
Risk of newly detected HPV‐16‐associated 6‐month persistent infections (PI) (hazard ratio HR = 0.56 95%CI:0.32; 0.99) and atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US+) (HR = 0.28 0.12; 0.67) were significantly lower in baseline seropositive vs baseline seronegative women. HPV‐16‐associated incident infections (HR = 0.81 0.56; 1.16) and 12‐month PI (HR = 0.53 0.24; 1.16) showed the same trend. A similar trend of lower risk was observed in HPV‐18‐seropositive vs ‐seronegative women (HR = 0.95 0.59; 1.51 for IIs, HR = 0.43 0.16; 1.13 for 6‐month PIs, HR = 0.31 0.07; 1.36 for 12‐month PIs, and HR = 0.61 0.23; 1.61 for ASC‐US+).
Conclusions
Naturally acquired anti‐HPV‐16 antibodies were associated with a decreased risk of subsequent infection and cervical abnormalities in women >25 years. This possible protection was lower than that previously reported in 15‐ to 25‐year‐old women.
The degree of protection from naturally acquired HPV infection is uncertain. We analyzed 7‐year natural history data of women aged 25 or higher of the control cohort of a large, multinational, double‐blind, randomized, controlled trial. We observed that naturally acquired protection against HPV‐16 and, to a lesser extent, HPV‐18 was associated with lower risk of subsequent infection and cervical abnormalities in women >25 years.
Abstract Purpose To report the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) among children and adolescents living in central Mexico, and its association with body mass index (BMI). Methods In a sample of ...1366 subjects from 7 to 24-years-old, a self-administered questionnaire was used to determined demographic characteristics. The definition of pediatric MS was determined using analogous criteria to Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) as ≥ 3 of the following: concentration of triglycerides ≥ 100 mg/dL, HDL cholesterol < 45 mg/dL for males and < 50 mg/dL for females, waist circumference ≥ 75th percentile (sex specific), glucose concentration ≥ 110 to < 126 mg/dL, and systolic or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90th percentile (age, height, and sex specific). Results Most of the sample was in the 10–14- (32.4%) and the 15–19-year (35.4%) age groups, mostly females (57%), and 31% of this young sample was overweight (mean BMI = 21.6 kg/m2 ). About 1 in every 5 participants had full criteria for MS (19.2%, 95% confidence interval CI: 16.4–22.1 among females, and 20.2%, 95% CI: 17.1–23.7 among males), and only 1 in every 10 was free of any MS component. The most common component was a low HDL level, observed in 85.4% of the sample. Unfavorable fat distribution, as indicated by a large waist circumference, was present in 27.9% of the sample. About 66% of those 10–14-year-olds with a large BMI were positive for MS. Conclusions MS and overweight are major problems for youth in Mexico. Immediate and comprehensive actions at home and schools are needed if Mexico wants to avoid the heavy burden that this disorder will have for its population in the near future.
AbstractObjectiveTo examine changes in categories of soft drink consumption in a cohort of Mexican adults, three years after the implementation of the sugar sweetened beverage tax.DesignOpen cohort ...longitudinal analysis.SettingThree waves of the Health Workers Cohort Study, Mexico, spanning 2004 to 2018.Participants1770 people aged 19 years or older with information on drinks consumption available in at least one of the three cohort waves.Main outcome measureChange in probability of belonging to one of four categories of soft drinks consumption (non, low, medium, high) after the tax was implemented. Heterogeneity of associations by income and education was also assessed.ResultsBefore the implementation of the tax, more than 50% of the participants were medium and high consumers of soft drinks and less than 10% were in the non-consumer category. After the tax was implemented, 43% of the population was categorised as medium or high consumers and the prevalence of non-consumers increased to 14%. Three years after implementation of the tax on 1 January 2014, the probability of being a non-consumer of soft drinks increased by 4.7 (95% confidence interval 0.3 to 9.1) percentage points and that of being a low consumer increased by 8.3 (0.6 to 16.0) percentage points compared with the pre-tax period. Conversely, the probability of being in the medium and high levels of soft drinks consumption decreased by 6.8 (0.5 to 13.2) percentage points and 6.1 (0.4 to 11.9) percentage points, respectively. No significant heterogeneity of the tax across income levels was observed, but stronger effects of the tax were seen in participants with secondary school education or higher, compared with those with elementary school or less.ConclusionsThe Mexican sugar sweetened beverage tax was associated with a reduction in the probability of consuming soft drinks in this cohort of employees from a healthcare provider. The results cannot be extrapolated to the Mexican population, but they suggest that three years after implementation, the tax had helped to increase the proportion of people who do not consume soft drinks while decreasing the proportion of high and medium consumers.
Cervical cancer remains an important cause of cancer mortality for Mexican women. HPV 16/18 typing may help to improve cervical cancer screening. Here we present the prevalence of high-risk human ...papillomavirus (hrHPV) including HPV16 and HPV18 from the FRIDA (Forwarding Research for Improved Detection and Access) population.
Beginning in 2013, we recruited 30,829 women aged 30-64 in Tlaxcala, Mexico. Cervical samples were collected and tested for 14 hrHPV genotypes (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, and 68). We used logistic regression to estimate odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals for hrHPV infections according to putative risk factors.
Prevalence of infection with any of the 14 hrHPV types was 11.0 %. The age-specific prevalence of all hrHPV formed a U-shaped curve with a higher prevalence for women aged 30-39 and 50-64 than women aged 40-49. Across all age groups, 2.0 % of women were positive for HPV16 and/or HPV18 (HPV16/18), respectively. HPV16/18 prevalence also showed a U-shaped curve with increased prevalence estimates for women aged both 30-39 and 60-64. Both prevalence curves had a significant quadratic age coefficient. Infections with hrHPV were positively associated with an increased number of lifetime sexual partners, a history of sexually transmitted disease, being unmarried, use of hormonal contraception, having a history of smoking and reported condom use in the multivariate model.
The FRIDA population has a bimodal distribution of both hrHPV and HPV16/18 positivity with higher prevalences at ages 30-39 and 60-64. These findings will help to evaluate triage algorithms based on HPV genotyping.
The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02510027 .
The selection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to evaluate the genetic susceptibility in complex traits is often conducted in isolation, without considering the entire set of genes. ...Incorporating signaling pathways or gene-gene interaction search may provide a more comprehensive approach to selecting SNP candidates for further study.
To propose a systematic procedure for identifying SNPs candidates with complex traits such as hypertension and blood pressure.
Sequential stages to SNPs selection: 1) literature review to identify SNPs, following the PRISMA methodology, 2) identification and selection of signaling pathways and selection of gene-gene interaction networks using the STRING software, and 3) application of specific criteria for SNPs candidates, including: a) SNPs with minor allele frequency > 5% in the target population, b) SNPs located within genes involved in three or more signaling pathways, and c) SNPs that are not in linkage disequilibrium, with a D'or r
value < 0.8.
Stage 1) A total of 44 publications were selected, providing information on 230 genes evaluated with blood pressure. Stage 2) Using the STRING software, we selected 7 signaling pathways with a false discovery rate < 0.0001 and strength ≥ 0.8; and we identified 16 genes belonging to gene-gene interaction networks, six of them share ≥ 3 signaling pathways. Stage 3) Finally, 7 SNPs were selected for genotyping in the Health Workers Cohort Study. We observed a positive association between SNPs with hypertension incidence in males (rs1130214, rs3807989) and females (rs5051, rs2493123).
Our methodological proposal may be a reliable way for selecting SNPs candidates to study complex traits.
PDF
