COVID-19 is a worldwide epidemic, as announced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020. Machine learning (ML) methods can play vital roles in identifying COVID-19 patients by visually ...analyzing their chest x-ray images. In this paper, a new ML-method proposed to classify the chest x-ray images into two classes, COVID-19 patient or non-COVID-19 person. The features extracted from the chest x-ray images using new Fractional Multichannel Exponent Moments (FrMEMs). A parallel multi-core computational framework utilized to accelerate the computational process. Then, a modified Manta-Ray Foraging Optimization based on differential evolution used to select the most significant features. The proposed method evaluated using two COVID-19 x-ray datasets. The proposed method achieved accuracy rates of 96.09% and 98.09% for the first and second datasets, respectively.
White Blood Cell (WBC) Leukaemia is caused by excessive production of leukocytes in the bone marrow, and image-based detection of malignant WBCs is important for its detection. Convolutional Neural ...Networks (CNNs) present the current state-of-the-art for this type of image classification, but their computational cost for training and deployment can be high. We here present an improved hybrid approach for efficient classification of WBC Leukemia. We first extract features from WBC images using VGGNet, a powerful CNN architecture, pre-trained on ImageNet. The extracted features are then filtered using a statistically enhanced Salp Swarm Algorithm (SESSA). This bio-inspired optimization algorithm selects the most relevant features and removes highly correlated and noisy features. We applied the proposed approach to two public WBC Leukemia reference datasets and achieve both high accuracy and reduced computational complexity. The SESSA optimization selected only 1 K out of 25 K features extracted with VGGNet, while improving accuracy at the same time. The results are among the best achieved on these datasets and outperform several convolutional network models. We expect that the combination of CNN feature extraction and SESSA feature optimization could be useful for many other image classification tasks.
Currently, we witness the severe spread of the pandemic of the new Corona virus, COVID-19, which causes dangerous symptoms to humans and animals, its complications may lead to death. Although ...convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is considered the current state-of-the-art image classification technique, it needs massive computational cost for deployment and training. In this paper, we propose an improved hybrid classification approach for COVID-19 images by combining the strengths of CNNs (using a powerful architecture called Inception) to extract features and a swarm-based feature selection algorithm (Marine Predators Algorithm) to select the most relevant features. A combination of fractional-order and marine predators algorithm (FO-MPA) is considered an integration among a robust tool in mathematics named fractional-order calculus (FO). The proposed approach was evaluated on two public COVID-19 X-ray datasets which achieves both high performance and reduction of computational complexity. The two datasets consist of X-ray COVID-19 images by international Cardiothoracic radiologist, researchers and others published on Kaggle. The proposed approach selected successfully 130 and 86 out of 51 K features extracted by inception from dataset 1 and dataset 2, while improving classification accuracy at the same time. The results are the best achieved on these datasets when compared to a set of recent feature selection algorithms. By achieving 98.7%, 98.2% and 99.6%, 99% of classification accuracy and F-Score for dataset 1 and dataset 2, respectively, the proposed approach outperforms several CNNs and all recent works on COVID-19 images.
The main purpose of this paper is to identify and segment each white blood cells (WBCs) from microscopic images and then classify it to affected or non-affected by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). ...The proposed model started by, firstly, detection and isolation of (WBCs). This was performed by conversion of cell images from RGB to CMYK color space. Then histogram equalization followed by thresholding estimation by Zack algorithm was performed for segmentation of cells from the surrounding blood contents. Secondly, some features were extracted from the segmented cells, and they included color, shape, texture and hybrid features. Thirdly, social spider optimization algorithm (SSOA) was applied to select the most appropriate features. Finally, several classifiers were used to validate the performance of the proposed algorithms. The proposed model was applied to the well-known ALL-IDB2 dataset. The results show: firstly, the segmentation (identification and isolations) results were 99.23, 100 and 97.1% of segmentation accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, respectively, which is the highest among other published papers. Secondly, the classification accuracy of the proposed model was higher than the non-SSOA in most experiments. The proposed system achieved remarkable results; 95.23% of classification accuracy with a feature reduction ratio of about 50%, which is the highest among the most recent works on the same dataset.
Tuberculosis (TB) is is an infectious disease that generally attacks the lungs and causes death for millions of people annually. Chest radiography and deep-learning-based image segmentation ...techniques can be utilized for TB diagnostics. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) has shown advantages in medical image recognition applications as powerful models to extract informative features from images. Here, we present a novel hybrid method for efficient classification of chest X-ray images. First, the features are extracted from chest X-ray images using MobileNet, a CNN model, which was previously trained on the ImageNet dataset. Then, to determine which of these features are the most relevant, we apply the Artificial Ecosystem-based Optimization (AEO) algorithm as a feature selector. The proposed method is applied to two public benchmark datasets (Shenzhen and Dataset 2) and allows them to achieve high performance and reduced computational time. It selected successfully only the best 25 and 19 (for Shenzhen and Dataset 2, respectively) features out of about 50,000 features extracted with MobileNet, while improving the classification accuracy (90.2% for Shenzen dataset and 94.1% for Dataset 2). The proposed approach outperforms other deep learning methods, while the results are the best compared to other recently published works on both datasets.
Multilevel thresholding is one of the most effective image segmentation methods, due to its efficiency and easy implementation. This study presents a new multilevel thresholding method based on a ...modified artificial ecosystem-based optimization (AEO). The differential evolution (DE) is applied to overcome the shortcomings of the original AEO. The main idea of the proposed method, artificial ecosystem-based optimization differential evolution (AEODE), is to employ the operators of the DE as a local search of the AEO to improve the ecosystem of solutions. We used benchmark images to test the performance of the AEODE, and we compared it to several existing approaches. The proposed AEODE achieved a high performance when evaluated by the structural similarity index (SSIM), peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and fitness values. Moreover, the AEODE outperformed the basic version of the AEO concerning SSIM and PSNR by 78% and 82%, respectively, which reserves the best features for each of AEO and DE.
In this paper, a new classification approach based on swarm-optimization is introduced to investigate the various effects of the ammonia concentration on the protein level and bioactivity that ...directly affect the Egyptian Nile’s fish health and mortality rate (i.e. Tilapia fish “O. Niloticus”). This approach enhances the Support Vector (SVM) Machines to classify the fish based on the protein level by Moth-Flame Optimization (MFO) algorithm. The experiment was divided into sub-phases: lab experiments and computational experiments. The primary purposes of the proposed approach, guiding decision-makers to review the pathophysiological status of the fish. The proposed MFO-SVM approach utilizes physical and chemical measurements to finally show revolutionary advances against the classic SVM and other well-known optimizers and classifiers. By achieving 99.983% of classification accuracy, the proposed approach outperforms other machine learning approaches on the same dataset. We believe that such an approach could be useful for many other real-world challenging tasks.
Named Entity Recognition (NER) is a vital step in medical information extraction, especially Electronic Health Records (EHRs). Proper extraction of medical entities such as disease and medications ...can automate the process of EHR coding as well as considerably improve the filtering of EHR resulting in better extraction of medical information. NER systems are generally trained and evaluated on relatively small standard datasets. However, they are applied on real-world applications, they exposed to different collection of texts, varying in topic, entity distribution, and text type (e.g. abstract vs. full text). This mismatch between the internal structure and application can cause drop in performance and consequently, unreliability. In this paper, we propose Med-Flair, an NER tagger covering mainly multiple entity types, medications and diseases. Med-Flair is mainly based on the Flair NLP framework, in addition, it’s integrated by adding Bidirectional A Long Short Term Memory network (BiLSTM) and Conditional Random Fields (CRF) for sequence tagger. To validate the performance of Med-Flair, it is tested on 4 benchmark datasets, two for medications entities and two for diseases entities. Med Flair successfully achieves high performance, as it achieves 92%, 88%, 92% and 95% of F1-score which are mostly highest compared to state of the art deep neural network architectures such as BioBERT, DTranNER, BERT and BioNerFlair.
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