•Bivalve molluscs species were analyzed by ICP OES and ICP-MS.•Most Lucina pectinata samples had higher concentrations of Cu, Cr and Pb.•Concentrations of As obtained in most samples were above the ...legal limit recommended by ANVISA.•PCA and HCA showed separation between Lucina pectinata and Trachycardium muricatum species.
Four species of bivalve molluscs (Anomalocardia brasiliana, Iphigenia brasiliana, Lucina pectinata and Trachycardium muricatum) were collected in the Todos os Santos Bay (TSB), Bahia, Brazil, in order to evaluate As, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, V and Zn levels and, consequently, the risk of bivalve mollusc consumption in humans. The samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after closed-vessel microwave digestion. The accuracy was confirmed using the certified reference materials of oyster tissue (NIST 1566b) and mussel tissue (NIST 2977), and the results were statistically equivalent to the certified values. Application of principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) showed a tendency to form two groups between samples of Lucina pectinata and Trachycardium muricatum. All species showed As and Cr concentrations higher than the maximum tolerable limit specified in Brazilian legislation.
Background
Risk‐reducing operations are an important part of the management of hereditary predisposition to cancer. In selected cases, they can considerably reduce the morbidity and mortality ...associated with cancer in this population.
Objectives
The Brazilian Society of Surgical Oncology (BSSO) developed this guideline to establish national benchmarks for cancer risk‐reducing operations.
Methods
The guideline was prepared from May to December 2021 by a multidisciplinary team of experts to discuss the surgical management of cancer predisposition syndromes. Eleven questions were defined and assigned to expert groups that reviewed the literature and drafted preliminary recommendations. Following a review by the coordinators and a second review by all participants, the groups made final adjustments, classified the level of evidence, and voted on the recommendations.
Results
For all questions including risk‐reducing colectomy, gastrectomy, and thyroidectomy, a major agreement was achieved by the participants, always using accessible alternatives.
Conclusion
This and its accompanying article represent the first guideline in cancer risk reduction surgery developed by the BSSO and it should serve as an important reference for the management of families with cancer predisposition.
The use of treated sewage effluent (TSE) combined with the subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) method in agriculture can decrease the costs of agricultural production, in attempts to fertigate crops ...more efficiently. In this study it was compared the dimensions of the wet bulb formed by the application of TSE and municipal water supply (MWS) in an Oxisoil. We have evaluated the effect of water quality and discharge between drippers used in sugarcane crop. Three trenches were opened and 21 three-rod TDR probes were setup in a mesh and a dripper was buried at 0.30 m, for each constant discharge of 1.0 L h-1and 1.6 L h-1. Comparing results from different wetted soil profiles it was observed that the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the wet bulb are similar for both MWS and TSE, being peculiars according to the discharges used and volume applied. Regardless the water quality, an increase of 60% in discharge decreased the deepest infiltration.
O uso de efluente de esgoto tratado (EET), combinado com o método de irrigação por gotejamento subsuperfical (IGS) na agricultura, pode reduzir os custos de produção agrícola, fertirrigando de maneira eficiente as culturas. Neste artigo, compararam-se as dimensões do bulbo úmido formado pela aplicação de EET e água de abastecimento municipal (AAM), em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico. Avaliou-se o efeito da qualidade da água e da vazão entre gotejadores utilizados na cultura da cana-de-açúcar. Três trincheiras foram abertas e 21 sondas de TDR com três hastes foram instaladas em malha, e um gotejador foi enterrado a 0,30 m, para cada vazão constante de 1,0 Lh-1 e 1,6 Lh-1. Comparando os resultados de diferentes perfis de umidade do solo, sugere-se que as dimensões vertical e horizontal do bulbo úmido sejam similares para a AAM e para o EET, sendo peculiares de acordo com as vazões utilizadas e o volume aplicado. Independentemente da qualidade da água, o aumento de 60% na vazão reduziu a infiltração em profundidade.
Irrigation with domestic sewage effluent (DSE) has been recommended by subsurface dripping, as it can obtain a high rate of irrigation efficiency and faster use of salts in comparison with other ...irrigation methods. The study aimed at evaluating the area, the length and the effective depth of the root system of sugarcane irrigated with DSE by subsurface drip system and with different irrigation rates at depths of 0.00-0.20, 0.20-0.40, 0.40-0.60 and 0.60-0.80m. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Piracicaba, in the state of São Paulo (SP), Brazil, in a sugarcane area irrigated with DSE in a completely randomized blocks set up in furrows, with three replications and four treatments, which are: one area without irrigation (AWI) and three irrigated areas meeting 50% (T50%), 100% (T100%) and 200% (T200%) of the crop's water need between each round of irrigation. T100% and T200% provided smaller areas and lengths of roots in the two deepest layers, as compared to AWI and T50%, which stimulated the development of deeper roots due to the water stress. TWI, T100% and T200% presented 80% of the roots up to a depth of 0.40m and T50% treatment presented 76.43% of roots total.
A irrigação com efluente de esgoto doméstico (EED) tem sido recomendada para aplicação por gotejamento subsuperficial, podendo-se obter elevados índices de eficiência de irrigação e mais rápido aproveitamento dos sais em comparação com outros métodos de irrigação. O trabalho objetivou avaliar a área de raiz, o comprimento e a profundidade efetiva do sistema radicular da cana-de-açúcar irrigada com EED aplicado por gotejamento subsuperficial e com diferentes lâminas de irrigação, nas camadas de solo de 0,00-0,20; 0,20-0,40; 0,40-0,60 e 0,60-0,80 m. O experimento foi realizado em Piracicaba-SP, numa área de cana-de-açúcar irrigada com EED, em um delineamento de blocos casualizados dispostos no esquema de faixas, com três repetições e quatro tratamentos, sendo estes: uma área sem irrigação (TSI) e três áreas irrigadas, atendendo a 50% (T50%), 100% (T100%) e 200% (T200%) da necessidade hídrica da cultura entre cada turno de rega. O T100% e o T200% proporcionaram menores áreas e comprimento de raízes nas duas camadas mais profundas, quando comparados ao TSI e ao T50%, que devido ao estresse hídrico, proporcionado à cultura, estimularam o desenvolvimento de raízes mais profundas. O TSI, T100% e T200% apresentaram 80% das raízes até 0,40 m e, nessa mesma profundidade, o tratamento T50% apresentou 76,43% do total de raízes.
The molecule N-{4’-(E)-3-(Fluorophenyl)-1-(phenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one} chalcone (PAAPFBA) was recently synthesized due to the growing interest in the chemistry of the chalcone. The quantum chemical ...calculations were carried out to make a complete theoretical characterization (structural, spectroscopy, nonlinear optical, and electronic properties) employing three Density Functional Theory (DFT) methods like B3LYP, mPW1PW91, and M06–2X at 6–311++G(d,p) basis set. After all these characterizations, the antioxidant activity was studied using the reaction with the compound DPPH in methanol solution and the mechanism was investigated theoretically. All the three DFT methods used can describe with great accuracy the PAAPFBA chalcone: the results of infrared spectroscopy and the 1H and 13C isotropic shielding demonstrate to be in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties show that the title chalcone can be used with great potential in NLO devices and this result is in good agreement with the Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis, which shows how the electronic density is delocalized within the molecule. Finally, the experimental data of the antioxidant activity showed a moderate rate of reaction with the DPPH molecule (50.92%) and this fact was proved by the theoretical mechanisms with the Hydrogen Atom Transfer (HAT) mechanism more favorable.
Display omitted
•B3LYP, mPW1PW91, and M06–2X methods fitted the chalcone molecular properties.•Theoretical calculations of the nonlinear optical properties.•The chemical behavior of the chalcone were determined by the FMO and Fukui functions.•Experimental antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical scan and theoretical analysis of the antioxidant mechanism.
ABSTRACT Using domestic sewage to irrigate and supply nutrients to plants is a sustainable practice; however, due to the physical and chemical properties of the domestic sewage, soil attributes and ...quality may be changed with its application. The aim of this study was to evaluate soil quality after two cycles of sugarcane irrigated with treated domestic sewage and surface reservoir water via subsurface drip irrigation, with and without nutritional supplementation by fertigation, and a non-irrigated control with top-dressing fertilization. Soil quality was established by applying the methodology proposed by Karlen & Stott. Physical, chemical and microbiological indicators were selected to compose the basic soil functions used to determine the quality index. Application of treated domestic sewage with fertigation increased soil electrical conductivity, Na+ content and exchangeable sodium percentage. Reservoir water applications with fertigation increased microbial biomass carbon and reduced the metabolic quotient, besides promoting significant effects on soil acidification indicators in comparison to reservoir water irrigation without fertigation. Despite the alteration of some soil attributes, no significant changes in the soil quality index were observed among the treatments.
RESUMO O uso de esgoto doméstico para irrigação e suprimento nutricional de plantas é prática sustentável; entretanto, devido às propriedades físico-químicas do esgoto doméstico os atributos e a qualidade do solo podem ser alterados. Assim, o estudo objetivou avaliar os atributos e a qualidade do solo após dois ciclos de cana-de-açúcar irrigada com esgoto doméstico tratado e água de reservatório, com e sem fertigação complementar, e testemunha não irrigada. A qualidade do solo foi estabelecida com a aplicação da metodologia proposta por Karlen & Stott. Foram selecionados indicadores físicos, químicos e microbiológicos para compor as funções básicas do solo adotadas no índice de qualidade. A aplicação de esgoto doméstico tratado com fertigação elevou a condutividade elétrica do extrato saturado, o teor de Na+ e a porcentagem de sódio trocável. O tratamento com água do reservatório e fertigação, elevou o carbono da biomassa microbiana e reduziu o quociente metabólico, além de promover efeitos significativos nos indicadores de acidificação do solo em comparação ao tratamento sem fertigação. Apesar das alterações de alguns atributos do solo, não foi constatado efeitos significativos no índice de qualidade do solo entre os tratamentos.
The synergistic interactions between nitrogen doses and microbial inoculation in crops indicate the potential for integrated nutrient management strategies in plant cultivation. Therefore, this study ...investigated the interactive effects of nitrogen doses and Azospirillum brasilense inoculation on wheat flour characteristics in terms of the falling number and color parameters and yields of reducing sugars obtained by subcritical water hydrolysis (SWH) from wheat bran. The strip-plot experimental design, bifactorial with three replications, was applied. Factor A was three wheat cultivars: ORS Agile (AGI), ORS Feroz (FER), and TSZ Dominadore (DOM). Factor D was five nitrogen doses in the topdressing: 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 kg ha−1. The lowest value of falling number of 332 s was achieved with flour from FER cultivar using a nitrogen dose of 80 kg ha−1 with A. brasilense inoculation. The SWH produced yields of reducing sugars (YRS) from wheat bran of up to 6.74 ± 0.18 g (100 g of wheat bran)−1 for the cultivar DOM when using a nitrogen dose of 60 kg ha−1 associated with A. brasilense inoculation. In this cultivation condition, the falling number was 408 s and the color parameters were L* of 92.49, a* of −0.26, and b* of 11.91. In the other conditions, the YRS ranged from 2.93 ± 0.63 to 6.52 ± 0.04 g (100 g of wheat bran)−1. Both flour and bran are nutritional products with high application potential, and this study indicated SWH as a promising technique to dissociate the lignocellulosic complex of wheat bran without using hazardous solvents.
•We evaluate two installation depths of the dripper for the drip irrigation system.•We evaluate if there was an influence of water quality on the water storage in the soil.•For the experimental area, ...the installation of the drip tube to 0.2m deep presented the best results.•Different layers in the soil profile should be considered for calculating water depth.•The treated sewage effluent did not affect the distribution of water in the soil.
Knowledge about soil moisture is essential to maximize irrigation efficiency because it allows the application of water in the proper quantity and at the proper time, thus improving water management. The objective of this study was to evaluate water storage in the soil profile when using a subsurface drip irrigation system at two emitter installation depths (0.20 or 0.40m) and two water qualities (treated sewage effluent (TSE) and freshwater) in two crop cycles of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Campinas—SP (Brazil). The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of FEAGRI-UNICAMP, Campinas—SP, Brazil, adopting a randomized block design (RBD) in a factorial 2×2+1 with 3 replications. The factors studied included the installation of dripper tube at two depths (0.2 and 0.4m) and two qualities of water (TSE and freshwater) plus a non-irrigation control. The TDR (time domain reflectometry) technique was used to evaluate the moisture in the soil profile by installing five probes with rods at 0.2m up to 1.0m depth. Replacement of the calibration equation provided by the TDR reduced the water depth between the first ratoon and the sugarcane plant and reduced the excess humidity from 0.029 and 0.045cm3 to 0.002 and 0.007cm3 when the drippers were installed at 0.2m depth (T2 and T4). The installation of a 0.2m drip tube proved to be an ideal solution for both environmental management and water use efficiency when using treated sewage effluent. No effect on the water distribution in the soil was observed when comparing the water qualities. For management of subsurface drip irrigation by the water balance in the soil, different layers in the soil profile should be considered to calculate the water depth, using the depth of the drip tube installation as a reference.
•We evaluated the uncertainty in mass measurements of four electronic configurations in lysimeter.•Uncertainty in excitation and acquisition by datalogger increase the system general ...uncertainty.•Periodic calibrations are necessary to compensate systematic errors due the damage by use.•Only regression analysis is not sufficient to evaluate weighing lysimeters.•Errors and uncertainties were attenuate due the use of indicator module in the Measurement System.
The determination of measurement reliability in weighing lysimeters via error analysis is essential for scientific research and irrigation management. The objective of this study was to evaluate four different weight measuring systems (MSs) applied to load cell weighing lysimeters and compare the results with the expected uncertainty values obtained from data provided by manufacturers. A weighing lysimeter with an area of 0.385 m2 and a volume of 0.289 m3 was used, installed on three load cells. In MS1, the load cells were connected to a junction box and the box to a weighing indicator module in a six-wire configuration. In MS2, a four-wire connection was used between the junction box and a datalogger, whereas in MS3, there was a six-wire connection. For MS4, the connection between the load cells and datalogger was direct. The uncertainties of the measurement systems were determined from the calibration results. MS1 presented the lowest measurement errors and uncertainties, resulting in performance superior to those of the other MSs. After MS1, the best performances were obtained by MS2 and MS3, and MS4 presented the worst performance. The effect of the signal measurement uncertainties and the excitation by the datalogger had the greatest effects on the overall uncertainty of the system compared with the influence of temperature on the load cells. The measurement system may be selected according to the technical data supplied by the manufacturer; however, periodic calibration of the effective measuring range is necessary to verify and compensate for systematic errors, which are accentuated during the operation time.
RESUMO O impacto dos parques eólicos sobre as aves é um dos temas menos estudados no Brasil, o que contrasta com a importância dessa nova fonte de energia renovável. O presente estudo buscou ...caracterizar a composição e dinâmica ecológica das espécies de aves residentes e migratórias presentes na área da Usina Eólica da Pedra do Sal, em Parnaíba, Estado do Piauí. O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio de trinta e três amostragens distribuídas em dois ciclos sazonais completos (setembro de 2011 a agosto de 2013), através do método do ponto de escuta, dispostos na base de cada um dos aerogeradores. Foram registrados 6.843 contatos de aves pertencentes a 67 espécies distribuídas em 22 famílias e 13 ordens, e a espécie com maior número de contatos foi a batuíra-de-coleira (Charadrius collaris). As categorias tróficas predominantes foram as das aves insetívoras, representadas por 18 espécies, seguidas pelas aves que se alimentam de invertebrados aquáticos (17 espécies). A maioria das aves registradas é de ambiente aquático. Durante o desenvolvimento desse estudo não foram registradas colisões entre as aves e os aerogeradores.
PDF
