This paper examines the connection of pre-Christian fields with the 16th c. noblemen’s fields and the 17th–18th c. noblemen’s villages (okolica) on the basis of systematic source complexes. The ...sample of Karšuva district (powiat) in Samogitia was chosen for the study. After grouping the processed source material, the continuity of the names of the fields and noble villages is proven, thereby assuming the continuity of the field structure in the noble villages. After applying the mapping methodology, the geography of the noble villages and peasant villages of Karšuva is restored.
The article examines the hypothesis on the possible influence of a Samogitian nobleman on the author of the chronicle of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Samogitia. In the chronicle Lithuania and its ...ruling dynasty are traced back to Samogitia. The tradition of Gediminids’ pagan names in Samogitia suggests that the author of the chronicle was looking for an informer in this region and perhaps used the local naming tradition to create the names of the legendary Palemonids. The plot of the 1440 Samogitians Uprising, which appears in the Bychowec chronicle, as well as some indirect references, suggest that Stanislovas Orvydas may have been the informer.
POLKAI REIKIA DVIEJŲ Saviščevas, Eugenijus
Lietuvos istorijos studijos,
09/2016, Volume:
37, Issue:
37
Book Review, Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Rec.: Robert Frost, The Oxford History of Poland-Lithuania, Volume I: The Making of the Polish-Lithuanian Union, 1385–1569, Oxford University Press, 2015.
This article is a part of wider investigation. Its goal is to reconstruct the view of Plungė (in the 18th century – Plungėnai) parish community structure, the interaction of its social groups and ...routine life. The main source of research is three Plungė Catholic parish register books from 1697 to 1741. One of these books was written in Lithuanian (Samogitian). The study should be described as a local social microhistory. In the period from 1697 to 1741, Plungė town and parish experienced drastic changes. The growth of population number started from the second half of the 17th century was cut off in the middle of 1710. Plungė plague outbreak occurred in June–July of 1710. It reduced the population of the parish apparently by half and stopped the growth potential for about 25 years. In most cases all babies of the period were baptized just a few days after birth. The time of infant baptism and marriage showed that the community functioned following religious norms: sexual activity reduction during the Advent and Lent. The number of illegitimate children generally was not large. The striking increase in the number of illegitimate children in the 1st decade of the 18th century seems to have been associated with the dislocation of military units in the town. The registers of the period concerned show a high percentage of widows’ marriages: 39% of all marriages were held between persons either one or both widowed. On average, the wedding age was 105 20.5 years for girls, and 23.1 years for boys. Metrics records showed great geographical mobility of Plungė parish population, particularly striking the migration from village to town and back. Nearly a third of all the marriages were concluded between representatives of different parishes (mostly from Samogitian diocese). There were arrivals from distant countries: Rus’, Poland, Moskovia (Russia), Livonia and Germany. Often, they married locals and settled in Plungė parish. Social mobility occurred relatively freely migrating from peasant status to townsfolk status (due to marriage). We can suspect quite frequent lower nobility (from okolicas) marriage with peasants and town inhabitants, whereas high nobility did not enter such marriages.
The selection of the judicial acts of Sigismund I preserved in the Lithuanian Metrica showed that when conducting investigations of the ruler’s employment at court, we must take into account the ...uneven nature of the documents. We can distinguish 4 types of judicial acts: judgments or sentences, ordinances (orders), pre-trial or post-trial documents and minutes (drafts). 3081 acts were selected for this study, only about half of which are recorded in court record books, and the rest in books of inscriptions. The most numerous types of acts are ordinances, which make up more than half of all the judicial acts (1629) of Sigismund I.Due to the breadth of the ruler’s judicial functions and their interweaving with other types of activities, the methodology of selecting and sorting judicial documents is not protected from the subjective decisions of the researcher. Therefore, the quantitative expressions achieved by the research must be understood as relative. However, they also allow us to see the dynamics of the ruler’s judicial activity: in the first half of the reign of Sigismund I (1506–1521), the ruler’s judicial activity was not active, but from 1522 it began to grow noticeably, reaching its apogee in 1533. Later, the activity steadily decreased.Judging by the ruler of Lithuania (probably not only Sigismund I) took place in two different phases: during the ruler’s residence in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, when his judicial activity became more active, and in the Crown, when his activity weakened. Almost always, the most active time of the first phase coincided with the Seim of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. However, during the penultimate visit, Sigismund I handled most of the cases outside the Seim time. The dynamics of judicial documents in general and judgments in particular (i.e. the resolution of cases) show that starting from 1523 he was increasingly active as a judge in the cases of residents of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania while he was in Poland. Despite the resulting protests and in 1542 the ruler’s promise not to judge “Lithuanian cases” in Poland, this practice continued even later, but it was not significant.The accounting of Sigismund I’s working days per year showed the chaotic nature of the activity of the ruler-judge. Quantitative analysis of judicial acts preserved in Lithuanian Metrics does not allow us to claim that the ruler’s agenda was overloaded with the obligation to judge. However, qualitative factors (judging on Sundays, during Holy Week and during Christmas) testify to the constant pressure exerted by the litigating authorities on the person of the ruler. This was the essence of the ruler’s burden of judging.
Straipsnių rinkinyje, skirtame prof. Irenos Valikonytės 75 metų jubiliejui, autoriai iš Lietuvos, Lenkijos ir Ukrainos tyrinėja įvairius Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės istorijos objektus, daug ...dėmesio skiria istorijos šaltinių (ypač Lietuvos Metrikos) tyrimams, LDK teisinės kultūros ir moterų padėties klausimams. Knygos tekstai lietuvių ir lenkų kalbomis su angliškomis santraukomis, papildyti interviu, kuriame prof. I. Valikonytė pasakoja apie savo asmeninį ir mokslinį kelią.
This paper examines the connection of pre-Christian fields with the 16th c. noblemen’s fields and the 17th–18th c. noblemen’s villages (okolica) on the basis of systematic source complexes. The ...sample of Karšuva district (powiat) in Samogitia was chosen for the study. After grouping the processed source material, the continuity of the names of the fields and noble villages is proven, thereby assuming the continuity of the field structure in the noble villages. After applying the mapping methodology, the geography of the noble villages and peasant villages of Karšuva is restored.
The article examines the hypothesis on the possible influence of a Samogitian nobleman on the author of the chronicle of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Samogitia. In the chronicle Lithuania and its ...ruling dynasty are traced back to Samogitia. The tradition of Gediminids’ pagan names in Samogitia suggests that the author of the chronicle was looking for an informer in this region and perhaps used the local naming tradition to create the names of the legendary Palemonids. The plot of the 1440 Samogitians Uprising, which appears in the Bychowec chronicle, as well as some indirect references, suggest that Stanislovas Orvydas may have been the informer.
Šis straipsnis – platesnio tyrimo dalis. Tai yra lokalinės socialinės mikroistorijos bandymas. Jo tikslas – rekonstruoti Plungės parapijos bendruomenės struktūrą, jos dalių sąveiką ir rutininio ...gyvenimo ritmus. Pagrindinis tiriamas šaltinis – trys 1697–1741 m. Plungės katalikų parapijos metrikų knygos. Straipsnyje nagrinėjami Plungės bendruomenės populiacijos struktūros ir dinamikos, krikšto, santuokos, Didžiojo maro poveikio, religinių normų reikšmės seksualiniam gyvenimui, nesantuokinių vaikų, skirtingų socialinių sluoksnių atstovų atskirties bei sugyvenimo klausimai.
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