Adequacy of resection margins is of utmost importance for decisions regarding postoperative treatment and prediction of prognosis in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, there are ...differences in opinions about various basic concepts of surgical margins in oral and maxillofacial pathology. Fundamental issues such as concepts of positive or negative surgical margins and impact of epithelial dysplasia at margin require clarification to standardize the practice of postoperative margin surveillance. The issue of postresection tissue shrinkage must be considered and addressed while reporting the status of surgical margin. The current status of "molecular assessment" of resection margins is far from mature and it may expand the horizons of postoperative margin surveillance in future. The present review summarizes the fundamental concepts and methods involved in postoperative assessment of surgical margins in oral and maxillofacial pathology. This will help in understating the rationale of current approach for the assessment of resection margins. Understanding the limitations of the existing approach will also help to improve our practice of postoperative margin surveillance.
This paper presents the design of a wearable textile antenna sensor for knee effusion diagnosis application. According to human anatomy, an effusion is the collection of synovial fluid in a specific ...anatomic space. Knee effusion, often known as water on the knee, is a condition in which excess fluid collects around the knee joint. The antenna sensing patch region is embroidered using automated computerised embroidery machine while the design parameters were optimized using machine learning algorithms including deep neural network (DNN). For the best fit on a knee joint, an annular elliptical structure of electronic textile (E-textile) antenna sensor is developed. Pure silver coated highly conductive thread with improved flexibility is used for embroidering the patch work in order to enhance the feasibility of the proposed device. The fabricated antenna sensor has operating resonance frequency at 2.19 GHz and perform diagnosis based on the concept of reflection coefficient parameter. Furthermore, the specific absorption rate (SAR) level of a proposed sensor device is being evaluated on the knee joint and has been kept below the safety limit value of 1.6 W/kg averaged over 1 gram of tissue model.
ntroduction: Identifying trauma patients with shock is crucial, as early intervention and prompt treatment improve patient prognosis and survival. To address this, the ratio of Systolic Blood ...Pressure (SBP) and Heart Rate (HR), known as the Reverse Shock Index (RSI), is measured. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of RSI calculation in assessing prognosis. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational study in which data were retrospectively collected on trauma patients treated in the Emergency Room (ER) at Dhiraj Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India, from January 2021 to December 2022. Patients involved in road traffic accidents, fall from a height of ≥6 m, assault, and machinery injuries were included. Upon arrival, vital signs such as HR, SBP, Respiratory Rate (RR), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), associated injuries, and in-hospital mortality were documented. Any resuscitative procedures required, such as Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), intubation, oxygen therapy, chest tube insertion, and blood transfusion, were also recorded. The RSI was calculated for all trauma patients and divided into two groups (RSI <1 and RSI ≥1). The t-test was performed with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI). Results: Out of 363 patients, data from 320 patients were included. Among them, 55 patients (17.2%) had RSI <1, and 265 patients (82.8%) had RSI ≥1. Patients with RSI <1 exhibited lower GCS scores, tachypnoea (RR >29), or bradypnoea (RR <10), along with higher mortality rates. These patients also required resuscitative interventions. Those with RSI <1 experienced more head injuries, thoracic trauma, and maxillofacial injuries (p<0.001). Conclusion: The RSI <1 in trauma patients demonstrated significantly higher predictive accuracy for adverse outcomes, serving as a primary tool for early intervention and aggressive care in the ER.
In this paper, an electronic textile (E-textile) antenna design using machine learning (ML) algorithms such as polynomial regression, k-nearest neighbor (kNN), random forest regression, and deep ...neural network (DNN) is proposed for achieving the optimized solution. These ML techniques, including DNN, have been implemented on a python framework and support in selecting efficient optimum design parameters for a co-planar waveguide fed textile antenna to attain the maximum impedance bandwidth performance in 3-24 GHz band, respectively. Moreover, the accuracy of the predicted response values obtained by these ML methods has also been validated by verifying with the CST simulation software tool.
Objectives: Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a fairly common lesion involving the jaw bones. CGCG can show relatively innocuous biological behaviour or it may show clinicoradiological features ...suggestive of aggressive biological behaviour. To date, there are no histological parameters which can be used to predict the behaviour of these lesions. This study was conducted to assess the utility of parameters of angiogenesis, i.e., total vascular area (TVA), mean vascular area (MVA) and microvessel density (MVD), and density of myofibroblasts in aggressive and non-aggressive CGCGs.
Materials and Methods: The study was undertaken as a retrospective study. A total of 20 previously diagnosed cases (10 non-aggressive and 10 aggressive) of CGCGs were included in the study. The sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry using the markers CD34 and α-SMA. For the assessment of vascular parameters, image J software was used. The density of myofibroblasts was determined in each case ranging from score-1 to 4, using the criteria given by Sridhara et al. The correlation between mean values of vascular parameters and density of myofibroblasts with aggressiveness of CGCG was assessed using Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: The result of Mann-Whitney U test suggested that the differences between the values of TVA (P < 0.001), MVA (P < 0.003) and density of myofibroblasts, i.e., SMA mean (P < 0.001) and SMA score (P < 0.001), in two groups are statistically significant. The formula for the assessment of aggressiveness was obtained using discriminant analysis.
Conclusions: Angiogenesis and density of myofibroblasts significantly differ in aggressive and non-aggressive cases of CGCGs. The aggressiveness of CGCG case can be predicted using the obtained formula by entering the values of vascular parameters and myofibroblasts.
Lipoma is a non malignant tumour of adipocytes. Lipomas are most commonly seen during 4th to 6th decades of life. About 20% lipomas are seen in head and neck region of which only 1% to 4% have been ...reported in oral cavity. Most common site of occurance in oral cavity is buccal mucosa and tongue (50%). Various histological variants of lipoma have been identified, which include fibrolipoma, angiolipoma, infiltrating (intramuscular) lipoma, pleomorphic lipoma, osteolipoma, sialolipoma, chondrolipoma, myxolipoma and spindle cell lipoma. Fibrolipoma is a rare histological variant and occurrence on alveolus is even rare. Thus, reporting a case of Fibrolipoma of size 2×2 cm arising from maxillary alveolus in a 42-year-old female patient with a long standing history of 4 years
Iron hydroxide-Fe(OH)3 and iron oxides (Fe3O4 and Fe2O3) were successfully prepared and characterized. These materials were employed as efficient and environmentally benign heterogeneous catalysts ...for the epoxide ring opening reaction of various aryloxy, terminal and meso epoxides with aromatic and aliphatic amines under solvent free condition at room temperature. Out of these, nano-sized Fe(OH)3 (IH-1) showed better catalytic activity to give the product beta -amino alcohols in excellent yield (up to similar to 96%) and high regioselectivity in 10-360 min. The catalyst was successfully recycled and reused eight times with no loss in catalytic activity.
Chiral polymeric Co(III) salen complexes with chiral ((R)/(S)-BINOL, diethyl tartrate) and achiral (piperazine and trigol) linkers with varying stereogenic centers were synthesized for the first ...time and used as catalysts for aminolytic kinetic resolution (AKR) of a variety of terminal epoxides and glycidyl ethers to get enantio-pure epoxides (ee, 99%) and N-protected β-amino alcohols (ee, 99%) with quantitative yield in 16 h at RT under optimized reaction conditions. This protocol was also used for the synthesis of two enantiomerically pure drug molecules (R)-Naftopidil (α1-blocker) and (S)-Propranolol (β-blocker) as a key step via AKR of single racemic naphthylglycidyl ether with Boc-protected isoproylamine with 100% epoxide utilization at 1 g level. The catalyst 1 was successfully recycled for a number of times.
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