The association between micronutrient intake and the risk of periodontitis has received much attention in recent years. However, most studies focused on the linear relationship between them. This ...study aimed to explore the dose–response association between micronutrient intake and periodontitis. A total of 8959 participants who underwent a periodontal examination, and reported their micronutrient intake levels were derived from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2009–2014) database. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate associations between micronutrient intake and periodontitis after propensity score matching (PSM), and restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis was conducted to explore the dose–response associations. Following PSM, 5530 participants were included in the RCS analysis. The risk of periodontitis was reduced with sufficient intake of the following micronutrients: vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and vitamin E. In addition, the risk of periodontitis was increased with excessive intake of the following micronutrients: vitamin B1 (1.8 mg/day, males; 1.3 mg/day, females), vitamin C (90 mg/day, males), and copper (1.1 mg/day, combined). In conclusion, a linear association was found between vitamin A, vitamin B2, vitamin C, and copper and periodontitis—namely, a sufficient intake of vitamin A and vitamin B2 might help reduce the prevalence of periodontitis; by contrast, a high intake of vitamin C and copper increased the risk. In addition, a nonlinear dose–response association was found for the incidence of periodontitis with vitamin B1 and vitamin E. When within reasonable limits, supplemental intake helped reduce the prevalence of periodontitis, while excessive intake did not help significantly and might even increase the risk. However, confounding factors, such as health awareness, should still be considered.
Background and Purpose
High‐salt diet induces cardiac remodelling and leads to heart failure, which is closely related to cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. Transient receptor potential (TRP) ...channels are implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction. We investigated whether activation of TRP vanilloid (subtype 1) (TRPV1) channels by dietary capsaicin can, by ameliorating cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction, prevent high‐salt diet‐induced cardiac hypertrophy.
Experimental Approach
Male wild‐type (WT) and TRPV1−/− mice were fed a normal or high‐salt diet with or without capsaicin for 6 months. Their cardiac parameters and endurance capacity were assessed. Mitochondrial respiration and oxygen consumption were measured using high‐resolution respirometry. The expression levels of TRPV1, sirtuin 3 and NDUFA9 were detected in cardiac cells and tissues.
Key Results
Chronic high‐salt diet caused cardiac hypertrophy and reduced physical activity in mice; both effects were ameliorated by capsaicin intake in WT but not in TRPV1−/− mice. TRPV1 knockout or high‐salt diet significantly jeopardized the proficiency of mitochondrial Complex I oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and reduced Complex I enzyme activity. Chronic dietary capsaicin increased cardiac mitochondrial sirtuin 3 expression, the proficiency of Complex I OXPHOS, ATP production and Complex I enzyme activity in a TRPV1‐dependent manner.
Conclusions and Implications
TRPV1 activation by dietary capsaicin can antagonize high‐salt diet‐mediated cardiac lesions by ameliorating its deleterious effect on the proficiency of Complex I OXPHOS. TRPV1‐mediated amendment of mitochondrial dysfunction may represent a novel target for management of early cardiac dysfunction.
Linked Articles
This article is part of a themed section on Chinese Innovation in Cardiovascular Drug Discovery. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2015.172.issue-23
CD8
tissue-resident memory T (CD8
Trm) cells play key roles in many immune-inflammation-related diseases. However, their characteristics in the pathological process of oral lichen planus (OLP) ...remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the function of CD8
Trm cells in the process of OLP. By using single-cell RNA sequencing profiling and spatial transcriptomics, we revealed that CD8
Trm cells were predominantly located in the lamina propria adjacent to the basement membrane and were significantly increased in patients with erosive oral lichen planus (EOLP) compared to those with non-erosive OLP (NEOLP). Furthermore, these cells displayed enhanced cytokine production, including IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL17, in patients with EOLP. And our clinical cohort of 1-year follow-up was also supported the above results in RNA level and protein level. In conclusion, our study provided a novel molecular mechanism for triggering OLP erosion by CD8
Trm cells to secrete multiple cytokines, and new insight into the pathological development of OLP.
Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic inflammatory disease, and the common management focuses on controlling inflammation with immunosuppressive therapy. While the response to the immunosuppressive ...therapy is heterogeneous, exploring the mechanism and prediction of the response gain greater importance. Here, we developed a workflow for prediction of immunosuppressive therapy response prediction in OLP, which could automatically acquire image-based features. First, 38 features were acquired from 208 OLP pathological images, and 6 features were subsequently obtained which had a significant impact on the effect of OLP immunosuppressive therapy. By observing microscopic structure and integrated with the corresponding transcriptome, the biological implications of the 6 features were uncovered. Though the pathway enrichment analysis, three image-based features which advantageous to therapy indicated the different lymphocytes infiltration, and the other three image-based features which bad for therapy respectively indicated the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) metabolic pathway, response to potassium ion pathway and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) activated protein kinase pathway. In addition, prediction models for the response to immunosuppressive therapy, were constructed with above image-based features. The best performance prediction model built by logistic regression showed an accuracy of 90% and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) reached 0.947. This study provided a novel approach to automatically obtain biological meaningful image-based features from unannotated pathological images, which could indicate the immunosuppressive therapy in OLP. Besides, the novel and accurate prediction model may be useful for the OLP clinical management.
Background/Aims: Age-related cerebrovascular dysfunction contributes to stroke, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. One pathogenic mechanism underlying this ...effect is increased oxidative stress. Up-regulation of mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) plays a crucial role in regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Dietary patterns are widely recognized as contributors to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that dietary curcumin, which has an antioxidant effect, can improve aging-related cerebrovascular dysfunction via UCP2 up-regulation. Methods: The 24-month-old male rodents used in this study, including male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats and UCP2 knockout (UCP2-/-) and matched wild type mice, were given dietary curcumin (0.2%). The young control rodents were 6-month-old. Rodent cerebral artery vasorelaxation was detected by wire myograph. The AMPK/UCP2 pathway and p-eNOS in cerebrovascular and endothelial cells were observed by immunoblotting. Results: Dietary curcumin administration for one month remarkably restored the impaired cerebrovascular endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in aging SD rats. In cerebral arteries from aging SD rats and cultured endothelial cells, curcumin promoted eNOS and AMPK phosphorylation, up-regulated UCP2 and reduced ROS production. These effects of curcumin were abolished by either AMPK or UCP2 inhibition. Chronic dietary curcumin significantly reduced ROS production and improved cerebrovascular endothelium-dependent relaxation in aging wild type mice but not in aging UCP2-/- mice. Conclusions: Curcumin improves aging-related cerebrovascular dysfunction via the AMPK/UCP2 pathway.
Marital status has been associated with the outcomes in several types of cancer, but less is known about upper digestive tract tumors (UDTTs). The study aims to explore the effect of marital status ...on the survival outcomes of UDTT.
We collected patient cases of UDTT using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 1975 and 2016. The univariate analyses of overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The multivariate survival analyses were performed using Cox proportional hazard model.
A total of 282,189 patients were included, with 56.42, 16.30, 13.33, and 13.95% of patients married, never married, divorced or separated, and widowed, respectively. The significant differences were observed among married, never-married, divorced or separated, and widowed patients with regard to the year of diagnosis, sex, age, race, pathological type, anatomical site, the number of primary tumor, grade, rate of surgery performed, radiotherapy, chemotherapy (
< 0.001). The proportions of patients with 3-year and 5-year OS were 54.22 and 48.02% in the married group, 46.96 and 41.12% in the never-married group, 44.24 and 38.06% in the divorced or separated group, 34.59 and 27.57% in the widowed group, respectively (
< 0.001); the proportions of patients with 3-year and 5-year CSS were 70.76 and 68.13% in the married group, 62.44 and 59,93% in the never-married group, 63.13 and 60.53% in the divorced or separated group, 62.11 and 58.89% in the widowed group, respectively (
< 0.001); all these data indicated married patients exhibited favorable OS and CSS than never-married, divorced or separated, and widowed patients. Men in the married group showed better OS (
, 1.16; 95%CI: 1.11-1.22) and CSS (
, 0.96; 95%CI: 0.92-1.23) than those in the never-married group.
This study reveals that marital status is an independent prognostic factor for OS and CSS of patients with UDTT. Married male patients with UDTT trend to have a better prognosis.
The real-time PCR was employed to detect the gene expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), Smad2, Smad3 and Smad7, Na+-K+-ATPase a1-subunit, a2-subunit and a3-subunit, plasma ...membrane Ca2+-ATPase isoform 1 (PMCA1) and PMCA4, as well as TRPC1, TRPC3 and TRPC6.
Results Compared with control group, IMT (79.5±4.7 vs 51.2±4.3 m), intima-media thickness to internal diameter ratio (IMT/ID) (0.25±0.02 vs 0.17±0.01), ICSA to internal diameter ratio (ICSA/ID) ...(67.7±9.2 vs 39.6±8.7) and MCSA to ID ratio (MCSA/ID) (242.4±20.7 vs 153.3±19.7) were increased in hypertensive group (all P<0.05); Compared with control group, in intima or media of artery, CVF (0.36±0.03 vs 0.17±0.03; 0.36±0.02 vs 0.28 ±0.02, all P<0.05) and cell proliferation index (0.61±0.05 vs 0.36±0.05; 0.73±0.05 vs 0.54±0.05, all P<0.01) were increased in hypertension subjects; In media of artery, the gene expression of SMemb, sodium pump 1 subunit and transient receptor potential canonical channel type 1 (TRPC1), TRPC3 were increased, while sodium pump 3 subunit and plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase 4 were decreased in hypertensive group (all P<0.05).
Objectives High salt induces the proliferation of VSMCs, but the mechanism remains unclear .This study examined the influence of high salt on the proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells ...(VSMCs) and the intervention of capsaicin in vitro.
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